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Author : Turkey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Trade, Export Subsidies written by Turkey and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Indonesia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Trade, Export Subsidies written by Indonesia and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stephen L. Haley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Targeting of U.S. Agricultural Export Subsidies written by Stephen L. Haley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mr.Alexander W. Hoffmaister
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451950675
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book The Cost of Export Subsidies written by Mr.Alexander W. Hoffmaister and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-10-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a model to estimate the effects of export subsidies on the supply of exports. Using data for Costa Rica over the 1980’s, it is shown that while the export subsidy scheme in operation led to an increase in exports, the direct fiscal costs of the scheme were quite large. Furthermore, the subsidy scheme led to a significant increase of imports. These results suggest that elimination of export subsidies would not have a particularly harmful effect on the trade balance, and would increase the fiscal position and generate economic efficiency besides.
Author : Chris Milner
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretariat
ISBN 13 : 9780850928112
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries' Interests written by Chris Milner and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2004 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new impetus has been given to faltering WTO trade discussions by the recent EU mandate supporting the liberalisation of agricultural trade policies and removal of export subsidies on agricultural products, within an environment in which all countries start reforming their trade policies.Until now, discussions have centred on agriculture in general, rather than at specific commodity level. This paper rises to the challenge laid down by the EU by identifying the specific commodities for which developing countries would gain benefit in any subsequent reforms.Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries? Interests outlines the nature of export subsidies. It discusses the effect of reform on developing countries, indicating the scale of any changes. The policy implications of removing agricultural support in the EU are given and the consequences for net food exporting and importing countries examined. Finally, the paper considers the impact of EU agricultural policy reform on other policies, such as the Protocols of the Lom? Convention.(previously announced as EU Farm Subsidies and Developing Countries)
Author : Philippines
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Trade, Export Subsidies written by Philippines and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gary Clyde Hufbauer
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Subsidies in International Trade written by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1984 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to explain and analyze both the concepts underlying the subsidy problem and the most important of the issues involved.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Export Credit Subsidies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mr.Alexander W. Hoffmaister
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451855087
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Credibility and the Cost of Export Subsidies written by Mr.Alexander W. Hoffmaister and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-12-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recurring balance of payments crises in countries that pursued import substitution have led some of them to establish a variety of export incentives, in particular subsidies, as a way to revive and re-orient their economies. However, exporters are likely to be uncertain of the government’s commitment to export promotion because of the years of neglect. This paper analyzes the issue of the credibility of export subsidies and suggests that a government is able to convince exporters of its commitment only at a cost, which reduces the attractiveness of promoting exports by means of subsidies.
Author : Richard H. Snape
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Export-promoting Subsidies and what to Do about Them written by Richard H. Snape and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1988 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gurwinder Singh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319624229
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Subsidies in the Context of the WTO's Free Trade System written by Gurwinder Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses subsidies from various perspectives and creates a model that determines whether or not their use is justified. Further, it analyses the various causes of trade distortion, trade-discriminatory practices, and other issues associated with unregulated subsidies. In addition, the book considers how these issues fall within the scope of subsidies described under the SCM Agreement. The primary discussion from the perspective of WTO objective concerns the trade practice of awarding subsidies, for exports and also for protectionist purposes. Here, the terms justifiable and non-justifiable are used as hypothetical parameters to determine the extent of state support, considering the country classification based on economic and technological criteria, and their objectives for development. These parameters are distinct from Prohibited, Actionable, and Non-Actionable subsidies, as classified under the SCM Agreement. Subsidies awarded for the purposes of development and for welfare are considered as justifiable, whereas subsidies for the promotion of exports or state measures adopted for protectionist purposes are non-justifiable. Lastly, the book addresses the implications of such subsidies on the core objectives of the WTO and in connection with fair trade values.
Author : Ralf Peters
Publisher : United Nations Publications
ISBN 13 : 9789211126785
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (267 download)
Download or read book Roadblock to Reform written by Ralf Peters and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines a range of issues relating to agricultural export subsidies, under the following headings: regulations and use of export subsidies; economic effects of export subsidies; agricultural trade policy proposals and the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model; simulating export subsidy reductions; and a discussion of implications and limitations including in relation to world prices, consumers and producers in different country groups, welfare changes and a sectoral analysis.
Author : Santiago Levy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (681 download)
Download or read book Export Subsidies and the Balance of Trade written by Santiago Levy and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lorenzo Rotunno
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Trade Spillovers of Domestic Subsidies written by Lorenzo Rotunno and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-03 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As governments resort to industrial policies to achieve economic and non-economic objectives, the number of subsidies implemented each year has more than tripled in the last decade. Using detailed data across a large number of advanced and emerging economies, we empirically investigate the effects of domestic subsidies on international trade flows. Estimates from a difference-in-difference specification show that on average subsidies promote both exports and imports. These effects are partly driven by selection into subsidies, as governments target export-oriented and import-competing products. The results however mask significant differences across countries. Specifically, exports of subsidized products from G20 emerging markets increase 8 percent more than exports of other products, with no evidence of selection. The gravity estimates confirm that subsidies promote international relative to domestic trade. These spillover effects are concentrated in some industries, such as electrical machinery, and are stronger when subsidies are given through tax breaks than other policy instruments. The subsidy-led rise in trade calls for international cooperation to manage risks of retaliatory actions and possible drifts towards a subsidy war.
Author : Marc Benitah
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403503343
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)
Download or read book The WTO Law of Subsidies written by Marc Benitah and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsidies are arguably the dominant theme in International Economic Law. A prolific case law has been elaborated by WTO Panels and Appellate Body in response to the multitude of complaints lodged in the past two decades (Softwood Lumber, Airbus, Boeing, etc.) Unfortunately, it is possible to be overwhelmed by the complexity of this case law. This book provides a comprehensive approach in response to this complexity. First, it avoids unnecessary legal jargon, making it accessible to a large public. Second, it adopts a comprehensive and progressive approach where legal subtleties are not avoided but presented at the right moment and the right place. The reader is therefore not overwhelmed from the outset by a multitude of details. The first Part of the book adopts the perspective of a WTO Member seeking to counter an alleged subsidy granted by another Member. To this end, this first Part scans and analyzes in detail all WTO Agreements, containing cumulative disciplines and remedies relating to subsidies. Therefore, it is not only the SCM Agreement that is scanned and analyzed but also the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), GATT 1994, and even the 1980 Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft (ATCA). The second Part of the book adopts the perspective of a WTO Member accused of granting subsidies violating subsidies disciplines.To this end, an original classification is offered of the various strategies that can be used by this Member. For this purpose, a distinction is made between the “threshold strategy” where the existence of a challengeable subsidy is recused from the outset, the “denying violation of disciplines strategy,”the “exemption or exception strategy,” the “procedural and evidentiary strategy,” and finally the “implementing strategy.” The last Part of this book, which could turn out to be the most useful for the community of agents concerned by subsidies, offers an original examination of pending legal issues. To this end, a relevant distinction is established between pending legal issues partially answered by present case law and pending legal issues not still answered by present case law. This case law and the norms disciplining subsidies in WTO Agreements are of utmost importance first for International Trade Ministries, Parliaments, and International Institutions (OECD, CNUCED, FAO, etc.). However, Non-Governmental Organizations (World Wide Fund, etc.) are also directly concerned by this topic regarding, for example, fisheries subsidies and their impact on overexploitation of marine resources. The private sector (fishing fleets, fishermen, extractive industries, etc.) is also affected by this topic particularly regarding future investments.Law firms involved in subsidies cases are naturally at the forefront of the community of agents concerned by this topic.
Author : Jota Ishikawa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Rent-shifting Export Subsidies with an Imported Intermediate Product written by Jota Ishikawa and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper argues that export subsidies aimed at shifting rents from foreign to domestic producers of a final good may also serve to shift rents to foreign firms supplying an intermediate good, weakening the incentive for the subsidy. By contrast, assuming Cournot competition for both the final and intermediate goods, this second layer of rent-shifting between final and intermediate good firms can strengthen the argument for an export subsidy if intermediate good firms are domestic. The domestic welfare implications of alternative rent-shifting policies (a production subsidy and an import tariff) at the intermediate good stage are also considered.
Author : Chris Milner
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretarial
ISBN 13 : 9780850928112
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries' Interests written by Chris Milner and published by Commonwealth Secretarial. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new impetus has been given to faltering WTO trade discussions by the recent EU mandate supporting the liberalisation of agricultural trade policies and removal of export subsidies on agricultural products, within an environment in which all countries start reforming their trade policies.Until now, discussions have centred on agriculture in general, rather than at specific commodity level. This paper rises to the challenge laid down by the EU by identifying the specific commodities for which developing countries would gain benefit in any subsequent reforms.Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries? Interests outlines the nature of export subsidies. It discusses the effect of reform on developing countries, indicating the scale of any changes. The policy implications of removing agricultural support in the EU are given and the consequences for net food exporting and importing countries examined. Finally, the paper considers the impact of EU agricultural policy reform on other policies, such as the Protocols of the Lom? Convention.(previously announced as EU Farm Subsidies and Developing Countries)
