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Author : Naved Hamid
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Pakistan written by Naved Hamid and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul Anthony Dorosh
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 9780896290884
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Effects of Exchange Rate and Trade Policies on Agriculture in Pakistan written by Paul Anthony Dorosh and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the period from the early 1960s until 1987.
Author : Jean-Jacques Dethier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Egypt written by Jean-Jacques Dethier and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines twenty-five years of pricing policies in agriculture, covering the period 1960-85. During this period, the price regime has discriminated strongly against agriculture. The study focuses on the objectives and implications of government intervention on five major crops, cotton, rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane. It examines the economic history of price intervention, both at the sectoral and at the economy-wide level. After an introductory essay outlining political, macroeconomic, and sectoral developments, the objectives and instruments of agricultural policy are examined, and the incidence of intervention on relative prices and values added are studied. The effects of price intervention on agricultural output, rural and urban incomes, consumption, foreign exchange earnings, the government budget, and on resource flows in and out of agriculture are also examined. The study analyzes the determinants of agricultural pricing policies, including the influence of world prices and the relationship between government intervention and price variability. In the conclusions, a political-economic interpretation of twenty-five years of price interventions is given, and recent reform attempts are examined. Finally, background material such as time series data, calculations, and more detailed descriptions of economic policies and institutions are given in the appendices.
Author : William Liefert
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437921558
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)
Download or read book The Transmission of Exchange Rate Changes to Agricultural Prices written by William Liefert and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Movements in exchange rates can change the prices of goods faced by producers and consumers and thereby affect incentives to produce, consume, and trade goods. Exchange rate changes, however, might not be completely transmitted (passed through) to domestic prices. Price and exchange rate transmission for ag. products is low in most developing economies, partly because of trade policies but also because of inadequate infrastructure and other market deficiencies. During the last 20 years, developed and developing countries have moved away from support policies that impede price and exchange rate transmission toward trade policies that allow transmission, such as tariffs. However, market deficiencies remain as a cause of incomplete transmission. Illus.
Author : Jean-Jacques Dethier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Egypt: The country study written by Jean-Jacques Dethier and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines twenty-five years of pricing policies in agriculture, covering the period 1960-85. During this period, the price regime has discriminated strongly against agriculture. The study focuses on the objectives and implications of government intervention on five major crops, cotton, rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane. It examines the economic history of price intervention, both at the sectoral and at the economy-wide level. After an introductory essay outlining political, macroeconomic, and sectoral developments, the objectives and instruments of agricultural policy are examined, and the incidence of intervention on relative prices and values added are studied. The effects of price intervention on agricultural output, rural and urban incomes, consumption, foreign exchange earnings, the government budget, and on resource flows in and out of agriculture are also examined. The study analyzes the determinants of agricultural pricing policies, including the influence of world prices and the relationship between government intervention and price variability. In the conclusions, a political-economic interpretation of twenty-five years of price interventions is given, and recent reform attempts are examined. Finally, background material such as time series data, calculations, and more detailed descriptions of economic policies and institutions are given in the appendices.
Author : Dimitris Diakosavvas
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251028650
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (286 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Production Incentives in Agriculture written by Dimitris Diakosavvas and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1990 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Carl Gotsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 822 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Agricultural Price Policy and the Development of West Pakistan written by Carl Gotsch and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Ramzan Akhtar
Publisher : Cgprt Centre Regional Co-Ordinat Development of Coarse Grain
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Pakistan written by M. Ramzan Akhtar and published by Cgprt Centre Regional Co-Ordinat Development of Coarse Grain. This book was released on 1999 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : T. Ademola Oyejide
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 9780896290563
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (95 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies on Agriculture in Nigeria written by T. Ademola Oyejide and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1986 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the effects of Nigeria's trade and exchange rate policies on agricultural incentives especially during the 1970s, the period of the oil boom. Attempts to determine the degree of protection granted to agriculture compared with other sectors, and assesses how these policies affected the allocation of resources both within agriculture and among the other sectors.
Author : Romeo M. Bautista
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Bias Against Agriculture written by Romeo M. Bautista and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Food Policy Research Institute gathered experts in agricultural and economic growth from both government and academia to produce this study. Drawing on economic theory and empirical evidence, the contributors discuss the relative merits of alternative economic policies in a variety of countries, including Peru, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the Philippines. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Author : M. Ramzan Akhtar
Publisher : Regional Co-Ordination
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Pakistan written by M. Ramzan Akhtar and published by Regional Co-Ordination. This book was released on 1998 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. Peter Timmer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Getting Prices Right written by C. Peter Timmer and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attempts to connect the diverse aspects of appropriate price policy in the following sequence: 1) the implementation issues and impact on the domestic marketing sector, 2) the nature of the world market price, 3) the disaggregated effects on producers and consumers, 4) the short-run macro effects on budgetary, fiscal, and monetary policy, 5) the impact of macro prices, especially the foreign exchange rate, 6) the spillover effects of price policy for one commodity market on other commodity and factors markets, on the agricultural sector as a whole, and on the entire economy, 7) the dynamic effects on employment, investment, and economic growth (Author).
Author : Rashid Faruqee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (847 download)
Download or read book Government's Role in Pakistan Agriculture written by Rashid Faruqee and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1995 The proper role of Pakistan's government in the agriculture sector should be to encourage the development of a smoothly functioning market, through institutional and regulatory reform that facilitates market efficiency and private sector activities. Where market failure is not an issue and government inefficiency is evident, government's role should be drastically reduced. Government involvement in Pakistan's agriculture sector has benefited farmers little, contends Faruqee. He recommends reform of agricultural policies and institutions. For one thing, government policy has severely distorted agricultural incentives -- directly, through agricultural pricing policy, and indirectly until recently, through exchange rate policy. Although negative effects of the government's exchange rate policy have been eliminated, the indirect effects from giving certain industries heavier trade protection linger. Input markets have been distorted by subsidies. Those distortions dissipate most of the benefits directed at farmers. The government's role as an institution-builder also needs reform. Public institutions have proliferated in almost every area of agriculture, with little benefit to the sector. The institutions in research and extension are particularly weak. In addition, public enterprises have dominated marketing and distribution? crowding out private sector efforts -- although the rationale for a government presence there is not clear. Moreover, the underpricing of electricity and water has entailed hidden expenditures that make the continued provision of those essential inputs financially unsustainable. Basic reform is essential, says Faruqee. The proper role of Pakistan's government should be to encourage the development of a smoothly functioning market, through institutional and regulatory reform that facilitates market efficiency and private sector activities. Where market failure is not an issue and government inefficiency is evident, government's role should be drastically reduced. Government spending should focus on public goods and market failures, not on activities better suited to the private sector. However, the government should continue to play an active role in reducing poverty and protecting the environment. This paper -- a product of the Agriculture Operations Division, South Asia Country Department I -- is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze the major issues facing Pakistan's agriculture sector and to suggest a strategy to improve its performance.
Author : Malcolm D. Bale
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Agricultural Trade and Food Policy written by Malcolm D. Bale and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay reviews and generalizes the recent experience of the World Bank in studies undertaken on pricing and trade policy in agriculture in developing countries. Five archetypical countries are used as the basis for comment: Nigeria, Colombia, Philippines, Jamaica, and Pakistan. The motivation behind each of the studies was to gain an understanding of the incentive or disincentive environment in which agriculture operates. Five issues are addressed: (i) structure of the incentive system; (ii) effect of trade and policy interventions on output, farm income, consumer income, and government revenue; (iii) synchronization of agricultural policy with industrial policy and other macroeconomic policies; (iv) relationship of domestic prices to border prices of similar goods; and (v) possible restructuring of agricultural pricing policies and mechanisms to achieve stated goals. The paper finds that direct government intervention in the production, pricing, and distribution of foods on a massive scale is common; there is a profound distrust of the ability of the market to value and allocate resources. However, little thought is given the type of instrument selected, resulting in price distortions with serious allocative and efficiency effects.
Author : David J. Spielman
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812294211
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)
Download or read book Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan written by David J. Spielman and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, agriculture has been crucial to Pakistan's economic growth and development and remains so even today. The sector employs almost half of the country's labor force, supplies key inputs to the country's manufacturing sector, generates a significant share of export earnings, and nourishes a rapidly growing population. Further, beyond agriculture is the wider rural economy, including nonfarm economic activities such as small enterprises, transport services, village retail shops, local schools, and clinics, all of which account for an estimated 40 to 57 percent of total rural household income. Given the importance of these rural activities, the slow growth of agriculture in recent years—averaging just 2.8 percent during the period 2010-2014—should be a source of concern for Pakistan. Can the country's agricultural sector and rural economy once again play a significant role in growth and development? Can it contribute to poverty reduction? Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan: Issues, Outlooks, and Policy Priorities seeks to answer these questions by examining the performance of both agriculture and the rural economy. The authors identify several measures that can promote agricultural productivity growth as well as wider economic and social development. These include increasing the efficiency of water use in the Indus river basin irrigation system, especially in the face of climate change; reforming policies and regulations that govern markets for agricultural inputs and commodities; and improving the provision of rural public services for health, education, women's empowerment, and community development. The analyses and conclusions in Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan will be of use to policy makers, development specialists, and others concerned with Pakistan's development. Contributors: Madiha Afzal, Nuzhat Ahmad, Faryal Ahmed, Mubarik Ali, Shujat Ali, Elena Briones Alonso, Hira Channa, Stephen Davies, Paul Dorosh, Gisselle Gajate Garrido, Arthur Gueneau, Madeeha Hameed, Brian Holtemeyer, Huma Khan, Katrina Kosec, Mehrab Malek, Sohail J. Malik, Shuaib Malik, Amina Mehmood, Dawit Mekonnen, Hina Nazli, Sara Rafi, Muhammad Ahsan Rana, Abdul Wajid Rana, Danielle Resnick, Khalid Riaz, Abdul Salam, Emily Schmidt, Asma Shahzad, David J. Spielman, James Thurlow, Ahmad Waqas, Edward Whitney, Fatima Zaidi.
Author : Rashid Faruqee
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821343364
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (433 download)
Download or read book Strategic Reforms for Agricultural Growth in Pakistan written by Rashid Faruqee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Future prospects for the agricultural sector in Pakistan depend on its ability to increase output and income of producers." Agriculture remains the backbone of the Pakistani economy, employing more than half the labor force and accounting for 70 per cent of export revenues. However, agriculture faces two sets of constraints in Pakistan: resource constraints and policy distortions. This volume deals with the major resource and policy constraints currently facing Pakistani agriculture. Government involvement in Pakistan's agricultural sector has been excessive and often inappropriate, and agricultural reforms are a key part of the adjustment program underway in Pakistan. Some of the principal goals of the program are to ensure a sound and sustainable macroeconomic framework with sustainable internal and external balances, to liberalize trade, privatize government-owned enterprises, deregulate and eliminate public sector monopolies, and to reform the financial sector. The agricultural sector can contribute to the Pakistani economy and to the adjustment program. Agriculture has the potential to make a larger contribution to total revenue and plays an important role in external balances. A favorable climate gives Pakistan a strong comparative advantage in horticulture, as indicated by the rapid growth of the subsector in the absence of policy interventions.
Author : Adolfo Sturzenegger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Trade, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Argentina written by Adolfo Sturzenegger and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the twentieth century until World War II, Argentina was a leading exporter of agricultural goods. In the early 1980s, agriculture accounted for roughly 57 percent of the country's total exports. During the period covered by this study (1961 to 1985), Argentina's trade policy, which was carried out through export taxes on the main agricultural and agroindustrial products and through industrial protection, was designed to discriminate against most exports vis-a-vis imports. This study examines the impact of trade and exchange rate policies on wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower seeds and beef production. One of its prinicipal findings is that direct price intervention substantially reduced producer prices and that industrial protection policies and overvaluation of the real exchange rate taxed agriculture even more than direct interventions. The study also explores the political factors underlying the establishment of policies that had these negative effects. The main conclusion is that external events, such as the Great Depression and World War II led to a fall in export prices and to higher import prices. Policies were established in the post war period to maintain the protection to import-substitutes and the taxation of agriculture. Export taxes were seen as a way of keeping domestic food prices low and of improving fiscal equilibrium by producing larger tax revenues.
