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Author : Anthony S. Wexler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Source-oriented Ambient Submicron Particulate Matter written by Anthony S. Wexler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171180
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-13 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulatory standards are already on the books at the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and EPA have initiated a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause damage. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result is a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. This, the third volume, begins the task of assessing the progress made in implementing the research program. The National Research Council ultimately concludes that the ongoing program is appropriately addressing many of the key uncertainties. However, it also identifies a number of critical specific subjects that should be given greater attention. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter focuses on the most current and planned research projects with an eye toward the fourth and final report, which will contain an updated assessment.
Author : Ferdinand Ralph Cassee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (638 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM10) written by Ferdinand Ralph Cassee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309144019
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.
Author : Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309073370
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (733 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulatory standards are already on the books at the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and EPA have initiated a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause damage. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result is a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. This, the third volume, begins the task of assessing the progress made in implementing the research program. The National Research Council ultimately concludes that the ongoing program is appropriately addressing many of the key uncertainties. However, it also identifies a number of critical specific subjects that should be given greater attention. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter focuses on the most current and planned research projects with an eye toward the fourth and final report, which will contain an updated assessment.
Author : Saurabh Sonwani
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811653879
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Airborne Particulate Matter written by Saurabh Sonwani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about airborne particulate matter, sources, chemistry and health and contained a complete information about their emission source, transport, atmospheric chemistry, distribution at local, regional and global levels, and their level in indoor and outdoor settings. Primary and secondary particulate matters in the ambient atmosphere also describe in detail. Analytical techniques, statistical tools and mathematical models used in airborne particulate research is also described. This book also covers the important aspects of the particulate matter chemistry in atmosphere, and their adverse impact on plant and human health. A detailed insight about the harmful impact of airborne particulate matter (biogenic and anthropogenic both) on different human system is described in detail. The toxicological significance of particulate matter on human body was also mentioned. The mitigation, management and regulatory policies to control ambient particulate matter is also provided. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams, tables and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. Overall, the present book is a valuable tool for students working in the fields of Atmospheric Science, Environmental Science, Biological Sciences, Epidemiology and Agriculture Science. This book also a unique resource for environmental consultants, researchers, policymakers and other professionals involved in air quality, plant and human health.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166284
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulatory standards to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and the EPA began a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause disease. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result was a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The third volume began the task of assessing initial progress made in implementing the research program. This, the fourth and final volume, gauged research progress made over a 5-year period on each of the 10 research topics. The National Research Council concludes that particulate matter research has led to a better understanding of the health effects caused by tiny airborne particles. However, the EPA, in concert with other agencies, should continue research to reduce further uncertainties and inform long-term decisions.
Author : Fathi Zereini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642122787
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Urban Airborne Particulate Matter written by Fathi Zereini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most up-to-date research and information regarding the origin, chemistry, fate and health impacts of airborne particulate matter in urban areas, a topic which has received a great deal of attention in recent years due to documented relationships between exposure and health effects such as asthma. With internationally recognised researchers and academics presenting their work and key concepts and approaches from a variety of disciplines, including environmental and analytical chemistry, biology, toxicology, mineralogy and the geosciences, this book addresses the topic of urban airborne particulate matter in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary manner. Topics and research addressed in the book range from common methodological approaches used to sample and analyse the composition of airborne particulates to our knowledge regarding their potential to impact human health and the various policy approaches taken internationally to regulate particulate matter levels.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081006128
Total Pages : 8639 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Comprehensive Toxicology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 8639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Toxicology, Third Edition, Fifteen Volume Set discusses chemical effects on biological systems, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms by which chemicals induce adverse health effects. Organized by organ system, this comprehensive reference work addresses the toxicological effects of chemicals on the immune system, the hematopoietic system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, hepatic toxicology, renal toxicology, gastrointestinal toxicology, reproductive and endocrine toxicology, neuro and behavioral toxicology, developmental toxicology and carcinogenesis, also including critical sections that cover the general principles of toxicology, cellular and molecular toxicology, biotransformation and toxicology testing and evaluation. Each section is examined in state-of-the-art chapters written by domain experts, providing key information to support the investigations of researchers across the medical, veterinary, food, environment and chemical research industries, and national and international regulatory agencies. Thoroughly revised and expanded to 15 volumes that include the latest advances in research, and uniquely organized by organ system for ease of reference and diagnosis, this new edition is an essential reference for researchers of toxicology. Organized to cover both the fundamental principles of toxicology and unique aspects of major organ systems Thoroughly revised to include the latest advances in the toxicological effects of chemicals on the immune system Features additional coverage throughout and a new volume on toxicology of the hematopoietic system Presents in-depth, comprehensive coverage from an international author base of domain experts
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030906094X
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-05-30 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New National Ambient Air Quality Standards for airborne particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, called PM2.5, were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amidst scientific uncertainty and controversy. In response to a request from Congress, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter, the first of four books in a series, offers a conceptual framework for an integrated national program of particulate-matter research, identifies the 10 most critical research needs linked to key policy-related scientific uncertainties, and describes the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The committee concludes that EPA should devote more resources to investigating the relationships between fixed-site outdoor monitoring data and actual human breathing-zone exposures to ambient particulate matter and to identifying the most biologically important constituents and characteristics of particulate matter through toxicological studies. The recommended research activities are critical to determining actual exposures of human subpopulations most susceptible to harm from the most hazardous constituents of particulate matter. Future research will be an investment in public health and a means to ensure that resources spent on control technology and regulatory compliance will have a reasonable probability of success.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172721
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the effort to reduce the scientific and technical uncertainties over regulation of airborne particulate matter in the United States, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: II. Evaluating Research Progress and Updating the Portfolio, the second book in a four-part series requested by Congress, describes the plans of the committee to monitor the progress of the research on particulate matter conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), other federal and state government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. The book also reviews and updates the committee's portfolio of recommended research in its first volume, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio (NRC, 1998). The committee substantially revised two of the ten high-priority research areas recommended in Part I. Part II notes that Congress, EPA, and the scientific community have given strong support to the committee's recommendations and have implemented substantial changes in research efforts in response to Part I of the series. One important research area-studies of the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and other major air pollutants-however, does not appear to be underway or planned.
Author : David Hilario Gonzalez-Martinez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Investigating the Source of Particulate Matter Toxicity: Kinetics of Reactive Oxygen Species from Biomass Burning Components in Lung Lining Fluids and Characterization of Toxic Components written by David Hilario Gonzalez-Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidemiological studies have shown that inhalation of particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, asthma and cancer. However, the underlying biological mechanisms and PM components responsible for adverse health outcomes are poorly understood. Induction of oxidative stress mediated by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one hypothesis for PM induced health effects. The PM components responsible for ROS generation and under conditions relevant to the lung are not well known. Inhalation of PM containing of water-soluble like substances (HULIS) are thought to disrupt cellular iron homeostasis, contributing to the development of pulmonary inflammation and disease. Cigarette smoke and wood smoke contain significant amounts of HULIS, but there is scant literature characterizing HULIS in these particles. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a toxic aldehyde traditionally measured in biological systems as a marker for oxidative stress. Interestingly, a handful of literature suggests that MDA may be present in ambient PM, potentially adding to the toxicity of inhaled PM. However, no study has quantified MDA in ambient PM. In this work we apply the terephthalate probe, thermodynamic modeling and chemical kinetics modeling to elucidate mechanisms of OH generation from HULIS-Fe interactions in simulated lung fluids (SLF) and human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). We employ fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy to characterize HULIS isolated from the water-soluble fraction of cigarette smoke condensate and wood smoke particles. We apply the 2-thiobarbituric acid method on biomass burning and urban PM2.5 to quantify ambient particle phase MDA for the first time. We use Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) as a surrogate for HULIS and investigate its impact on OH generation from Fe(II) in SLF and BALF. Model and experimental results are used to find best-fit rate coefficients for key reactions. In SLF, modeling results indicate SRFA strongly chelates Fe species and enhances Fe-mediated reduction of O2 to O2- to 5.1 1.5 M-1 s-1 and destruction of H2O2 to (4.3 1.4) 103 M-1 s-1. In BALF, the dominant Fe binding protein is albumin but the impact of albumin-Fe complexes on ROS generation has never been defined. Using a rate limiting approximation and experiments measuring OH generation, we estimate that the rate constant for albumin-Fe mediated O2 to O2- reduction is (1.8 0.1) M-1 s-1. We also estimate the rate constant for SRFA-Fe(II) mediated O2 to O2- reduction to be 2.7 0.3 M-1 s-1. Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used on HULIS isolated from cigarette smoke condensate and wood smoke particles. Fluorescence spectra indicate that HULIS in both cigarette smoke condensate and wood smoke contains fluorophores that closely resemble those of SRFA. FTIR spectroscopy further indicates that isolated HULIS contain similar organic functional groups as SRFA, but with higher aliphatic, ether, primary alcohol, organonitrogen character. Using the 2-thiobarbiutric acid assay, we estimate ambient malondialdehyde concentrations to be 40.7 ng/m3 - 75.3 ng/m3 in biomass burning and urban PM2.5 extracts, making up an average of (1.37 0.12) 10-2 % of total PM2.5 mass. These concentrations are comparable to previous field measurements of particle phase methylglyoxal and malonic acid, two similar atmospheric carbonyls.
Author : Laurel Elisabeth Plummer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124908052
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammatory Response to Ambient Particulate Matter in the San Joaquin Valley of California written by Laurel Elisabeth Plummer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strong evidence exists for associations between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse cardiopulmonary health effects. Numerous epidemiological studies have correlated increases in ambient PM mass concentration with increased incidence of emergency room visits, hospital admissions and mortality for cardiopulmonary conditions. However, these findings have been difficult to reproduce in experimental studies, suggesting that mass alone does not explain observed health effects. Current national ambient air quality standards are based on particle mass with no consideration for chemical composition. Thus, improved understanding of the relationship between PM exposure and cardiopulmonary health effects can support regulation for improved protection of human health. We have conducted numerous experimental studies in the San Joaquin Valley of California, a region that regularly exceeds the current mass-based standards for PM pollution. Studies were conducted both in the field using inhaled concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and in the laboratory to study PM-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses, a hallmark of adverse cardiopulmonary conditions. Our objective was to investigate these responses in the context of season, location, PM mass and chemical composition. Inhalation studies indicated that chemical composition arising from differences in location and season were critical factors influencing PM toxicity. Further, associations between health effects and PM mass and chemical composition demonstrated that short-term changes in ambient PM concentrations may provide improved interpretation of experimental results. Associations between biological responses and specific chemical components suggest that different sources may have different toxicity. Potential source-specific regulation of the source emitting the most toxic PM components or precursors may have substantial human health benefit. Together, these findings provide biological plausibility for the epidemiological associations between PM exposure and adverse health effects.
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: Evaluating research progress and updating the portfolio written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309091992
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (919 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-21 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulatory standards to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and the EPA began a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause disease. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result was a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The third volume began the task of assessing initial progress made in implementing the research program. This, the fourth and final volume, gauged research progress made over a 5-year period on each of the 10 research topics. The National Research Council concludes that particulate matter research has led to a better understanding of the health effects caused by tiny airborne particles. However, the EPA, in concert with other agencies, should continue research to reduce further uncertainties and inform long-term decisions.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309066389
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (663 download)
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the effort to reduce the scientific and technical uncertainties over regulation of airborne particulate matter in the United States, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: II. Evaluating Research Progress and Updating the Portfolio, the second book in a four-part series requested by Congress, describes the plans of the committee to monitor the progress of the research on particulate matter conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), other federal and state government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. The book also reviews and updates the committee's portfolio of recommended research in its first volume, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio (NRC, 1998). The committee substantially revised two of the ten high-priority research areas recommended in Part I. Part II notes that Congress, EPA, and the scientific community have given strong support to the committee's recommendations and have implemented substantial changes in research efforts in response to Part I of the series. One important research area-studies of the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and other major air pollutants-however, does not appear to be underway or planned.
Author : R M Harrison
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782626581
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)
Download or read book Airborne Particulate Matter written by R M Harrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The estimated health impacts and associated economic costs resulting from airborne particulate matter are substantial. Exposure to airborne fine particles ranks highly amongst preventable causes of disease. This book reviews the sources and atmospheric processes affecting airborne particulate matter and consequent impacts upon human health. Examining the latest information on the sources of particles in the atmosphere, both through direct emissions and atmospheric formation, the book also explores the methods which are used to estimate the contributions of different sources to airborne concentrations. Featuring case studies from recent assessments in Europe, the USA, China and India, the book provides a global overview of source apportionment. The health effects are reviewed in the context of the influence of sources, chemical composition and particle size upon relative toxicity. This comprehensive book is an important reference for policymakers and consultants working with pollution and human health, as well as academics working in atmospheric chemistry.
