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Towards The Controlled Synthesis Of Conjugated Polymers
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Book Synopsis Towards the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers by : Paniz Pahlavanlu
Download or read book Towards the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers written by Paniz Pahlavanlu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic semiconductors with varying physical and optoelectronic properties are readily obtained by incorporating different functional groups in conjugated polymers. While controlled chain-growth polymerization routes have been developed for a handful of these conjugated polymers, most conjugated polymers are still synthesized through step-growth methods that allow little to no control over the resulting polymers. Robust and versatile synthetic methodologies are needed to access conjugated polymers with unprecedented control and optimized properties. In Chapter 2, I describe a rapid and selective synthetic route to thionated naphthalene diimides (NDIs). Thionated NDIs exhibit improved electron mobilities and ambient stabilities. Thionation procedures, however, are lengthy, unselective, and low yielding. Polymeric analogues had not previously been reported due to incompatibilities between sulfur atoms and prevalent palladium catalysts. I illustrate that the rate and selectivity of thionation is drastically improved using steric control and highly efficient microwave irradiation. This methodology is readily applied to synthesize NDI-based polymers with varying degrees of thionation through post-polymerization modification. In Chapter 3, I investigate the anion-radical polymerization of parent and thionated, thiophene- and selenophene-flanked NDIs. Although NDI-based polymers exhibit among the highest electron mobilities for n-type conjugated polymers, their existing synthetic routes are still largely uncontrolled. Anion-radical polymerization provides a promising alternative, wherein thiophene- flanked NDIs have been shown to exhibit chain-growth polymerization. I show that thiophene- and selenophene-flanked NDIs undergo anion-radical polymerization, albeit through step-growth mechanisms. While thionated NDIs form anion-radical complexes and exhibit signs of catalyst insertion, they do not undergo further polymerization. In Chapter 4, I present the templated oxidative synthesis of conjugated polymers. Templated synthesis is a prevalent route to accessing biological and bioinspired polymers but has only sparingly been applied to the synthesis of conjugated polymers. I illustrate that well-defined macromolecular templates synthesized through ring-opening metathesis polymerization undergo subsequent oxidative coupling to form well-defined conjugated polymers. I apply this methodology to synthesize soluble, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based polymers with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities. In Chapter 5, I summarize the main conclusions and outlook of this thesis work. Further optimization and expansion of the methodologies described herein could greatly impact the fields of conjugated polymers and organic electronic materials.
Book Synopsis Semiconducting Polymers by : Christine Luscombe
Download or read book Semiconducting Polymers written by Christine Luscombe and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconducting polymers are of great interest for applications in electroluminescent devices, solar cells, batteries and diodes. In recent years vast advances have been made in the area of controlled synthesis of semiconducting polymers, specifically polythiophenes. The book is separated into two main sections, the first will introduce the advances made in polymer synthesis, and the second will focus on the microstructure and property analysis that has been enabled because of the recent advances in synthetic strategies. Edited by one of the leaders in the area of polythiophene synthesis, this new book will bring the field up to date with more recent models for understanding semiconducting polymers. The book will be applicable to materials and polymers chemists in industry and academia from postgraduate level upwards.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers by : Klaus Mullen
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by Klaus Mullen and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers are gaining a lot of interest due to their inherent functional properties and applications in plastic electronics. In order to develop new functional polymers researchers need the background information on the synthesis of the different polymer systems. This book focuses on the practical preparation of conjugated polymers with each chapter discussing a particular type of conjugated polymer including a general explanation of the polymer, experimental details for synthesis and characterization.
Book Synopsis Ring Walking/Oxidative Addition Reactions for the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers by :
Download or read book Ring Walking/Oxidative Addition Reactions for the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power conversion efficiencies of plastic solar cells depend strongly on the molecular weight characteristics of the semiconducting polymers used for their fabrication. The synthesis of these materials typically relies on transition metal mediated catalytic reactions. In many instances, the ideal structures cannot be attained because of deficiencies in these reactions, particularly when it comes to being able to achieve high number average molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Another important conjugated polymer structure of interest is one in which a single functional group is attached at the end group of the chain. Such systems would be ideal for modifying surface properties at interfaces and for labeling biomolecular probes used in fluorescent biosensors. To respond to the challenges above, our efforts have centered on the design of homogenous transition metal complexes that are easy to prepare and effective in carrying out living, or quasi-living, condensative chain polymerization reactions. The key mechanistic challenge for the success of this reaction is to force the insertion of one monomer unit at a time via a process that involves migration of the transition metal-containing fragment to one terminus of the polymer chain. Chain growth characteristics are therefore favored when the metal does not dissociate from the newly formed reductive elimination product. We have proposed that dissociation is disfavored by the formation of a -complex, in which the metal can sample various locations of the electronically delocalized framework, a process that we term ring-walking, and find the functionality where oxidative addition takes place. Success has been achieved in the nickel-mediated cross coupling reaction of Grignard reagents with aromatic halides by using bromo[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]phenylnickel. This reagent can yield poly(thiophene)s (one of the most widely used type of polymer in plastic solar cells) with excellent stereoregularity and molecular weight distributions with polydispersities that are consistent with a living polymerization sequence. Another important objective of this program concerned the use of these new catalysts and improved mechanistic insight for the synthesis of specific polymeric materials with prespecified properties.
Book Synopsis Design and Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers by : Mario Leclerc
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers written by Mario Leclerc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first systematic compilation of synthesis methods for different classes of polymers describes well-tested and reproducible procedures, thus saving time, money and chemicals. Each chapter presents the latest method for a specific class of conjugated polymers with a particular emphasis on the design aspects for organo-electronic applications. In this concise and practically oriented manner, readers are introduced to the strategies of influencing and controlling the polymer properties with respect to their use in the desired device. This style of presentation quickly helps researchers in their daily lab work and prevents them from reinventing the wheel over and over again.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymer Synthesis by : Yoshiki Chujo
Download or read book Conjugated Polymer Synthesis written by Yoshiki Chujo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and authored by top international experts, this first book on conjugated polymers with a focus on synthesis provides a detailed overview of all modern synthetic methods for these highly interesting compounds. As such, it describes every important compound class, including polysilanes, organoboron compounds, and ferrocene-containing conjugated polymers. An indispensable source for every synthetic polymer chemist.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis & Design by : Seth C. Rasmussen
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis & Design written by Seth C. Rasmussen and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This digital primer serves as an excellent introduction to conjugated polymers, particularly in terms of their synthesis and design. Chapters one and two introduce common terminology and fundamental concepts. Chapter three covers known structure–function relationships that can be used to design conjugated polymers with the desired properties for specific applications, concluding with a discussion of the additive and sometimes conflicting aspects of these design elements. Chapters four, five, and six cover the various methods used to synthesize these materials, beginning with the oldest and most simple approaches, and increasing in synthetic complexity. Advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty wishing to enter this field for the first time should find this primer beneficial. At the same time, however, we have pointed out various misconceptions still commonly found in the literature, which should be valuable to those already familiar with these materials.
Book Synopsis The Economic Utilisation of Food Co-Products by : Abbas Kazmi
Download or read book The Economic Utilisation of Food Co-Products written by Abbas Kazmi and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world’s population continues to grow so does the demand for food, and in consequence the amount of material left over from food production. No longer considered simply as "waste", many food co-products are being identified as economically-viable raw materials and their potential is enhanced by modern processing technologies and the biorefinery concept. This book presents a general overview of the current situation, with perspectives from within the food industry and policy makers in the introductory chapters. These are followed by five chapters exploring modern advanced processing techniques. Further chapters are dedicated to separate food groups, including cereals, oils, rice and fish, exploring the potential for making the best use of the co-products generated. Many of the processing technologies discussed will be familiar to students and practitioners of green chemistry, but the book goes further in presenting examples and case studies, written by active workers in the field from across the globe. Food technicians and process engineers will be amongst the researchers in academia and industry and postgraduate students this book is aimed for.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume 1 by : Vijay Kumar
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume 1 written by Vijay Kumar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-24 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume One: Synthesis, Properties and Optoelectrochemical Devices describes the synthesis and characterization of varied conjugated polymeric materials and their key applications, including active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, along with new ideas of functional materials for next-generation high-energy batteries, a discussion of common design procedures, and the pros and cons of conjugated polymers for certain applications. The book’s emphasis lies in the underlying electronic properties of conjugated polymers, their characterization and analysis, and the evaluation of their effectiveness for utilization in energy and electronics applications. This book is ideal for researchers and practitioners in the area of materials science, chemistry and chemical engineering. Provides an overview of the synthesis and functionalization of conjugated polymers and their composites Reviews important photovoltaics applications of conjugated polymeric materials, including their use in energy storage, batteries and optoelectronic devices Discusses conjugated polymers and their application in electronics for sensing, bioelectronics, memory, and more
Book Synopsis Synthetic Methods for Conjugated Polymer and Carbon Materials by : Mario Leclerc
Download or read book Synthetic Methods for Conjugated Polymer and Carbon Materials written by Mario Leclerc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-10 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise and practical overview of the most important modern synthetic aspects of conjugated polymers and carbon materials, including their properties and applications. Well structured, this book summarizes recent achievements, outlines the current state and reviews research trends. As such, a wide variety of polymerization techniques are included on both a strategic as well as a practical level, including Stille, Suzuki , and direct (hetero)arylation polymerizations. Furthermore, it covers various carbon-rich materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by a look at how the different synthetic pathways and strategies influence their final properties, for example, for use in organic electronic devices. The whole is rounded off with a discussion of future technology advances. An essential reference for newcomers as well as experienced researchers in the field.
Book Synopsis Controlled Synthesis of Polytellurophenes by : Shuyang Ye
Download or read book Controlled Synthesis of Polytellurophenes written by Shuyang Ye and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polytellurophenes are an emerging class of conjugated polymers. This thesis presents studies on the controlled synthesis of polytellurophenes, charge carrier mobilities in polytellurophenes transistors as well as sulfur and selenium analogues, and the role of halogens in Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation (KCTP). Chapter 2 describes the first controlled synthesis of well-defined, high molecular weight poly(3-alkyltellurophene)s using KCTP through a systematic investigation of polymerization conditions, computation, and molecular design. This enables the preparation of a series of regioregular, high molecular weight, low dispersity poly(3-alkylchalcogenophene)s (S, Se, Te) (Chapter 3). Due to the improved intrachain carrier transport conferred by heavier heteroatoms, polytellurophene exhibits the highest hole mobility in field-effect transistors even though polytellurophene appears to be the least crystalline compared to its lighter analogues. In Chapter 4, the nickel-catalyzed polymerization mechanisms of a series of thiophene monomers bearing different halogen functionalities (Cl, Br, I) were investigated. The significant role that halogens and magnesium salts play in this polymerization was discovered. These findings were used to guide the design of a new monomer, 2-bromo-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-iodotellurophene, which enables the first controlled polymerization of a tellurophene monomer containing a sterically encumbered 2-ethylhexyl side chain. Chapter 5 presents preliminary results on the thiophene-tellurophene block copolymerization as well as the isolation of living polymer chains in KCTP.
Book Synopsis Sequence-Controlled Polymers by : Jean-François Lutz
Download or read book Sequence-Controlled Polymers written by Jean-François Lutz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a leading authority in the field, the first book on this important and emerging topic provides an overview of the latest trends in sequence-controlled polymers. Following a brief introduction, the book goes on to discuss various synthetic approaches to sequence-controlled polymers, including template polymerization, genetic engineering and solid-phase chemistry. Moreover, monomer sequence regulation in classical polymerization techniques such as step-growth polymerization, living ionic polymerizations and controlled radical polymerizations are explained, before concluding with a look at the future for sequence-controlled polymers. With its unique coverage of this interdisciplinary field, the text will prove invaluable to polymer and environmental chemists, as well as biochemists and bioengineers.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers by : John R. Reynolds
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by John R. Reynolds and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Conducting Polymers, Two-Volume Set continues to be the definitive resource on the topic of conducting polymers. Completely updated with an extensive list of authors that draws on past and new contributors, the book takes into account the significant developments both in fundamental understanding and applications since publication of the previous edition. One of two volumes comprising the comprehensive Handbook, Conjugated Polymers: Perspective, Theory, and New Materials features new chapters on the fundamental theory and new materials involved in conducting polymers. It discusses the history of physics and chemistry of these materials and the theory behind them. Finally, it details polymer and materials chemistry including such topics as conjugated block copolymers, metal-containing conjugated polymers, and continuous flow processing. Aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals working in materials science and engineering, this book covers fundamentals, recent progress, and new materials involved in conducting polymers and includes a wide-ranging listing of comprehensive chapters authored by an international team of experts.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications by : Srabanti Ghosh
Download or read book Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications written by Srabanti Ghosh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely overview of fundamental and advanced topics of conjugated polymer nanostructures Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications is a comprehensive reference on conjugated polymers for energy applications. Distinguished academic and editor Srabanti Ghosh offers readers a broad overview of the synthesis, characterization, and energy-related applications of nanostructures based on conjugated polymers. The book includes novel approaches and presents an interdisciplinary perspective rooted in the interfacing of polymer and synthetic chemistry, materials science, organic chemistry, and analytical chemistry. This book provides complete descriptions of conjugated polymer nanostructures and polymer-based hybrid materials for energy conversion, water splitting, and the degradation of organic pollutants. Photovoltaics, solar cells, and energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lithium ion battery electrodes, and their associated technologies are discussed, as well. Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications covers both the fundamental topics and the most recent advances in this rapidly developing area, including: The design and characterization of conjugated polymer nanostructures, including the template-free and chemical synthesis of polymer nanostructures Conjugated polymer nanostructures for solar energy conversion and environmental protection, including the use of conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts Conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy storage, including the use of nanocomposites as electrode materials The presentation of different and novel methods of utilizing conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy applications Perfect for materials scientists, polymer chemists, and physical chemists, Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications also belongs on the bookshelves of organic chemists and any other practicing researchers, academics, or professionals whose work touches on these highly versatile and useful structures.
Book Synopsis Controlled Synthesis of Functional Polymers by : Jaroslav Kahovec
Download or read book Controlled Synthesis of Functional Polymers written by Jaroslav Kahovec and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2001-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 39th Microsymposium of the Prague Meetings on Macromolecules Advances in Polymerization Methods. Controlled Synthesis of Functionalized Polymers Prague, Czech Republic, 1999
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers by : Chao Wang
Download or read book Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers written by Chao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers (CPs) are a unique class of materials because they possess the electronic properties of semi-conductors and processability of polymers. Their electronic and optical properties can be controlled by their chemical structures and conjugation length. To enhance the electron affinity of CPs, a series of boron-containing CPs were synthesized with arylene-borylene units. One of the boron-containing polymer had indeed shown the ability of quenching the photoluminescence of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), indicating possible exciton separation and charge transfer. Next, a ketone group was introduced to polythiophene to lower its LUMO level and increase the electron affinity. Regioregular poly(3-heptanoylthiophene) (PHOT) was synthesized. The polymerization was realized by Ni-catalyzed Kumada coupling with a chain-growth mechanism. Schlenk equilibrium played a key role in the generation of the monomer for the polymerization. PHOT was fully characterized by various techniques. However, only p-channel activity was observed in field-effect transistors (FETs) for PHOT. The hole mobility was one order lower than that of P3HT. Photovoltaic devices with an active layer of 1:1 blend of PHOT and PC71BM had a low power conversion efficiency of ~0.5%. Finally, the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) was attempted which could be potentially used as a good charge carrier. To prevent intramolecular and intermolecular side reactions during Scholl reaction, the precursors, oligo-naphthalenes with alkoxy groups capping the 2, 3, 6, and 7-positions had been synthesized. Intramolecular ring fusion via the Scholl reations was tested, but no expected GNRs were formed.
Book Synopsis P3HT Revisited – From Molecular Scale to Solar Cell Devices by : Sabine Ludwigs
Download or read book P3HT Revisited – From Molecular Scale to Solar Cell Devices written by Sabine Ludwigs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science. The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics. Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned. Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students
