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Towards New Perspectives On Toxoplasma Gondii
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Book Synopsis Towards New Perspectives on Toxoplasma Gondii by : Saeed El-Ashram
Download or read book Towards New Perspectives on Toxoplasma Gondii written by Saeed El-Ashram and published by Intechopen. This book was released on 2023-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards New Perspectives on Toxoplasma gondii reflects the range of research activities and knowledge on this significant pathogenic protozoan parasite. The book addresses important developments in Toxoplasma, and covers a variety of topics, including the development of schizont stages of T. gondii in the primary cell culture of feline enterocytes, the effects of toxoplasmosis on host behavior, personality, and cognition, the three nutrient uptake portals in Toxoplasma tachyzoites, neuro-immunopathology, and the significant role that laboratories play in the diagnosis and prevention of Toxoplasma infection. This book will be an indispensable aid to many academics and scientists.
Book Synopsis Toxoplasma Gondii by : Louis M. Weiss
Download or read book Toxoplasma Gondii written by Louis M. Weiss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-10 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2e of Toxoplasma gondii reflects the significant advances in the field in the last 5 years, including new information on the genomics, epigenomics and proteomics of T. gondii as well as a new understanding of the population biology and genetic diversity of this organism. T. gondii remains the best model system for studying the entire Apicomplexa group of protozoans, which includes Malaria, making this new edition essential for a broad group of researchers and scientists. Toxoplasmosis is caused by a one-celled protozoan parasite known as T. gondii. The infection produces a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, land and sea mammals, and various bird species. Most humans contract toxoplasmosis by eating contaminated, raw or undercooked meat (particularly pork), vegetables, or milk products; by coming into contact with the T. gondii eggs from cat feces; or by drinking contaminated water. The parasite damages the ocular and central nervous systems, causing behavioral and personality alterations as well as fatal necrotizing encephalitis. It is especially dangerous for the fetus of an infected pregnant woman and for individuals with compromised immune systems, such as HIV-infected patients. Completely updated, the 2e presents recent advances driven by new information on the genetics and genomics of the pathogen Provides the latest information concerning the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis Offers a single-source reference for a wide range of scientists and physicians working with this pathogen, including parasitologists, cell and molecular biologists, veterinarians, neuroscientists, physicians, and food scientists
Book Synopsis Parasites in the Tropic - A New Paradigm Shift by : Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Download or read book Parasites in the Tropic - A New Paradigm Shift written by Veeranoot Nissapatorn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highlight of this eBook is to bring new insights into parasites in the tropic. To achieve that, much has been discussed about risk assessment, infection rates, disease burden, hormones and mechanism of immune response, genetic expression and susceptibility as well as, therapeutic modalities. Authors raised hypothesis, discuss concepts, and show open questions. The remaining important issues to resolve questions within parasites in the tropic – a new paradigm shift are briefly discussed below. T. gondii, feline as the definitive host, is regarded as one of the most important parasites in the tropic. Human, as an accidental host, is the only species who still drinks raw milk or milk products particularly from animal sources. Based on the first paper, the author simplifies on how safe to drink milk to prevent the transmission of T. gondii by the insistence on heat treated milk before consumption. It is interesting to explore how hormone plays its role in Toxoplasma infection. Based on the second paper, the authors elucidated from thirty studies from humans, animals and cell cultures. Of these, it was shown that Toxoplasma infection was controlled by the presence of hormones found in different animal models. However, it is still premature to conclude which hormone that has a significant relationship with Toxoplasma infection. It estimates that one-third of the world population infected with T. gondii but the majority are asymptomatic. Based on the third paper, it demonstrated that people having low prevalent of Toxoplasma infection by having close contact with animals. This study will enhance positive attitudes for more people to be committed towards helping animals. For more than three decades, T. gondii has since been identified as one of the most important opportunistic parasitic pathogens in immunocompromised. Seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis was detected in at least one-third of HIV-infected individuals in the regional hospital of southern Thailand, as reported from the fourth paper. Thailand has successfully formulated anti-retroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS patients and as a result reported a rare incidence of AIDS-related cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) in this setting. Based on the fifth paper, the authors demonstrated low IL-10 (Th2 response) and IFN-γ (Th1 response) as well as high TNF-α were produced in ocular and cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients. This might be due to South American strains and/or the genetic susceptibility of the host. Due to high genetic diversity of T. gondii in Brazil, the sixth paper demonstrated that Calomys callosus survived chronically infected by T. gondii clonal type II strain and reinfected by Brazilian strains. However, congenital toxoplasmosis occurred leading to damaging effects of the developing fetus. The seventh paper conducted a questionnaire-based study on knowledge and practice on Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women from Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. It clearly demonstrated that health education, a core value, is the cheapest and the best option to envisage the preventive strategies of feto-maternal toxoplasmosis from this region. For treatment modality of congenital toxoplasmosis, a novel experimental therapeutic synergism of diclazuril plus atovaquone combination shows a promising outcome with no toxicity in treating this condition, as demonstrated in the eighth paper. However, it warrants for future trials to prove its properties against T. gondii in different clinical scenarios of human toxoplasmosis for more effective therapeutic regimens. In the ninth paper, the author discussed the pathogenesis of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis, the current treatment in clinical practice, and the experimental treatment approaches for promising future trials. Overall, this protozoan represents the most extraordinary example of parasite in the tropic and beyond scientific imagination. Hence, there are still many challenges ahead and waiting for more explorations on T. gondii, the parasite that never dies. Based on the findings from the tenth paper, it is interesting to identify common gene targets between Glossina p. gambiensis and Glossina m. morsitans that might shed some lights as a suitable candidate for controlling both acute and chronic forms of sleeping sickness. This therefore requires further investigations using proteomic analysis to ascertain the corresponding genes and its proteins as well as functional role that may help the search for more novel therapeutic agents.
Book Synopsis Toxoplasma Gondii by : Louis M. Weiss
Download or read book Toxoplasma Gondii written by Louis M. Weiss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasma gondii: The Model Apicomplexan - Perspectives and Methods, Third Edition, reflects significant advances in the field in the last five years, including new information on the genomics, epigenomics and proteomics of T. gondii, along with a new understanding of the population biology and genetic diversity of this organism. This edition expands information on the effects of T. gondii on human psychiatric disease and new molecular techniques, such as CAS9/CSPR. T gondii remains the best model system for studying the entire Apicomplexa group of protozoans, which includes Malaria, making this new edition essential for a broad group of researchers and scientists. Presents a complete review of molecular and cellar biology and immunology of Toxoplasma gondii combined with methods and resources for working with this pathogen Provides a single source reference for a wide range of scientists and physicians working with this pathogen, including parasitologists, cell and molecular biologists, veterinarians, neuroscientists, physicians and food scientists Covers recent advances in the genomics, related bioinformatics analysis, epigenomics, gene regulation, genetic manipulation and proteomics of T. gondii Details advances in the molecular and cellular biology and immunology of Toxoplasma, and in the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis
Book Synopsis Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition by :
Download or read book Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Toxoplasmosis in a compact format. The editors have built Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Toxoplasmosis in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition by :
Download or read book Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Additional Research in a compact format. The editors have built Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Additional Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Conditional Genome Engineering in Toxoplasma Gondii Provides New Insights Into Glideosome Function and Host Cell Invasion by : Nicole Andenmatten
Download or read book Conditional Genome Engineering in Toxoplasma Gondii Provides New Insights Into Glideosome Function and Host Cell Invasion written by Nicole Andenmatten and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans by : J. P. Dubey
Download or read book Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans written by J. P. Dubey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Found worldwide from Alaska to Australasia, Toxoplasma gondii knows no geographic boundaries. The protozoan is the source of one of the most common parasitic infections in humans, livestock, companion animals, and wildlife, and has gained notoriety with its inclusion on the list of potential bioterrorism microbes. In the two decades since the publi
Book Synopsis New Approaches and Insights Into the Gene Expression of Toxoplasma Gondii by : Matthew McKnight Croken
Download or read book New Approaches and Insights Into the Gene Expression of Toxoplasma Gondii written by Matthew McKnight Croken and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxoplasma Gondii Host Interactions: A Story of Immune Attack and Parasite Counterattack by : Jeroen P. J. Saeij
Download or read book Toxoplasma Gondii Host Interactions: A Story of Immune Attack and Parasite Counterattack written by Jeroen P. J. Saeij and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-08-10 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals, including an estimated ~30% of humans. It can cause severe disease in immune-suppressed individuals and in fetuses as well as blinding chorioretinitis in adults and children. Toxoplasma-innate immune system interactions determine early parasite control and activation of the adaptive immune system by the host and are therefore critical in determining host survival during the acute phase of infection. However, induction of an exaggerated inflammatory response can also lead to pathology. Only the chronic tissue cyst form of Toxoplasma is orally infectious. It is therefore critical for the parasite’s survival during the chronic phase to escape immune responses at this stage as well. Toxoplasma exists as genetically divergent strains mostly depending on geography, with the most strain diversity being found in South America. The key to Toxoplasma’s successful co-option of the host are proteins secreted from its rhoptry and dense granule secretory organelles. Rhoptry proteins (ROPs) are secreted into the host cell cytoplasm upon invasion while dense granule proteins (GRAs) are secreted once the parasite establishes itself in its parasitophorous vacuole (PV). GRAs can localize to the PV, the PV membrane, or are secreted beyond the PVM into the host cytoplasm. Many ROPs and GRAs are involved in modulating host cell signaling pathways and evasion of host immune responses and play important roles in Toxoplasma virulence. Polymorphisms in Toxoplasma’s ROPs and GRAs, likely determine how well these effectors bind to the divergent substrates in different host species, which can explain Toxoplasma strain differences in virulence in a particular host species. By studying Toxoplasma we have not only started to unravel how the parasite modulates immune responses to enhance its survival, replication, and transmission but we have also learned a lot about the immune system. Many unique mechanisms of immunity have indeed been defined using Toxoplasma and this parasite has aided our understanding of tissue-specific immune responses in the brain and intestine. This Research Topic will give a comprehensive overview of Toxoplasma-host immune response interactions. Most Toxoplasma virulence determinants to date have been established in murine systems and it is unclear how the parasite interacts with other intermediate hosts and humans. In addition, the interactions of Toxoplasma with some of the most relevant cell types during infection, including dendritic cells, neurons, intestinal epithelial cells or vascular endothelial cells, remain poorly understood.
Book Synopsis Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2012 Edition by :
Download or read book Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Toxoplasmosis in a compact format. The editors have built Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Toxoplasmosis in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Toxoplasmosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide by : Yogesh Dwivedi
Download or read book The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide written by Yogesh Dwivedi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.
Book Synopsis Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections by : Sunit Kumar Singh
Download or read book Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections written by Sunit Kumar Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 2365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging and re-emerging pathogens pose several challenges to diagnosis, treatment, and public health surveillance, primarily because pathogen identification is a difficult and time-consuming process due to the “novel” nature of the agent. Proper identification requires a wide array of techniques, but the significance of these diagnostics is anticipated to increase with advances in newer molecular and nanobiotechnological interventions and health information technology. Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, clinical features, and public health risks posed by new viral and microbial infections. The book includes detailed coverage on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, development of various diagnostic tools, diagnostic assays and their limitations, key research priorities, and new technologies in infection diagnostics. Volume 1 addresses viral and parasitic infections, while volume 2 delves into bacterial and mycotic infections. Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections is an invaluable resource for researchers in parasitologists, microbiology, Immunology, neurology and virology, as well as clinicians and students interested in understanding the current knowledge and future directions of infectious diseases.
Book Synopsis Parasites, Pussycats and Psychosis by : E. Fuller Torrey
Download or read book Parasites, Pussycats and Psychosis written by E. Fuller Torrey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book analyzes the evidence linking Toxoplasma gondii to the increasing incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the United States. Initially establishing that infectious agents are regularly transmitted from animals to humans, lead to human disease, and that infectious agents can cause psychosis, it then examines the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in detail. Infecting 40 million Americans, Toxoplasma gondii is known to cause congenital infections, eye disease, and encephalitis for individuals who are immunosuppressed. It has also been shown to change the behavior of nonhuman mammals, as well as to alter some personality traits in humans. After discussing the clinical evidence linking Toxoplasma gondii to human psychosis, the book elucidates the epidemiological evidence further supporting this linkage; including the proportional increase in incidence of human psychosis as cats transitioned to domestication over 800 years. Finally, the book assesses the magnitude of the problem and suggests solutions. Parasites, Pussycats and Psychosis: The Unknown Dangers of Human Toxoplasmosis provides a comprehensive review of the evidence linking human psychosis in the United States to infections of Toxoplasma gondii. It will be of interest to infectious disease specialists, general practitioners, scientists, historians, and cat-lovers.
Book Synopsis Visualizing the Forces Exerted During 3d Motility by Toxoplasma Gondii by : Rachel Victoria Stadler
Download or read book Visualizing the Forces Exerted During 3d Motility by Toxoplasma Gondii written by Rachel Victoria Stadler and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intracellular parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa cause pervasive human diseases and are responsible for millions of deaths annually. The apicomplexan, Toxoplasma gondii, causes the disease toxoplasmosis and can infect most warm-blooded vertebrates. These parasites can cause blindness in their hosts. In immunocompromised individuals, the infection can lead to brain lesions and death. T. gondii uses a unique form of cellular motility to invade cells of its host, traverse numerous biological barriers, and disseminate throughout the host. These parasites move with an attachment-dependent mechanism called gliding. In the "linear motor model" of parasite motility, the parasite's myosin motor, TgMyoA, is thought to be attached to the inner membrane complex and bind to short actin filaments. Transmembrane adhesins bridge the internal actin filaments to ligands on the host cell or substrate. When myosin undergoes a power stroke, the transmembrane adhesins are translocated rearward, which drives the parasite forward. While this model currently dominates the field, recent data where key motility proteins were disrupted without completely ablating motility suggest that we still do not fully understand the mechanisms underlying T. gondii motility. One key piece of missing information is the directionality of the forces a moving parasite exerts on its surrounding environment. To address this gap in our knowledge, we developed methods for 3D traction force mapping in a fluorescent fibrin matrix. As the parasite moves, it periodically pulls on and releases the matrix. The periods of matrix deformation correlate directly with striking periodic constrictions of the parasite's body and all matrix displacements are directed towards these constrictions. The ring-like constriction initiates at the apical end of the parasite and remains stationary relative to the matrix as the parasite moves through, similar to the moving junction during invasion. Wild-type parasites do not move without forming constrictions. Parasites lacking TgMyoA do not form constrictions or cause a detectable fibrin deformation and have a severe defect in motility. In parasites lacking the surface adhesin TgMIC2, constrictions do not form, and the parasites move in less straight trajectories compared to wildtype. Together the data suggest the constrictions are repeated invasion-like events that act as a guidance system for productive, forward-directed motility. To further characterize the shape of the trajectories in wild-type and mutant parasites, we developed a custom software package, "Bugs", to track parasites and compare trajectories of different parasite populations. Using Bugs, we confirmed the TgMIC2 knockout parasites move in less straight trajectories than wildtype as well as determined the pattern of the non-moving periods. Collectively, the data give new insights into the motility of T. gondii. The data suggest that the parasite exerts inward-directed forces at fixed circular locations within the extracellular matrix. The circular ring force corresponds to a circumferential attachment zone between the parasite and the matrix, through which the parasite propels itself to move forward. The combined data also suggest a closer connection between the mechanisms underlying parasite motility and host cell invasion than previously recognized, establish new methods for studying motility, and define critical questions for future study.
Book Synopsis Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, Second Edition by : J. P. Dubey
Download or read book Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, Second Edition written by J. P. Dubey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1988-08-31 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete information on T. gondii infections in animals and man is summarized and analyzed in this thorough reference text. Critical in-formation on its economic impact and its effect on production of animals whose flesh is used for food is featured. The clinical and subclinical infections in all major species of livestock are pre-sented. For each animal species, worldwide serological prevalences are tabulated with T. gondii antibody titers, followed by an experi-mental section. Worldwide prevalences of T. gondii infections in mankind is summarized, highlighting epidemiology, symptom diag-nosis, treatment, and prevention. Past research is summarized and areas of future investigations are suggested. This book is highly useful to veterinarians, physicians, biologists, and researchers.
Book Synopsis Human Toxoplasmosis by : Darrel O. Ho-yen
Download or read book Human Toxoplasmosis written by Darrel O. Ho-yen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasmosis, a world-wide infection of animals and humans, may produce severe congenital abnormalities in pregnancy, while among the immunocompromised (malignancies, organ transplant, or human immunodeficiency virus infection), death may result. Toxoplasmosis is likely to become more common, and those who manage high-risk patients must be aware of the infection, and the latest techniques for minimizing its serious complications. Women need testing consistent with medical defence advice as well as advice on avoiding infection. This comprehensive volume contains chapters on the history of toxoplasmosis, its clinical features and life cycle, diagnosis management, prevention, and possible future developments. Animal infection, with its important economic and human implications, is considered separately. The appendix contains a detailed treatment of common questions that arise in pregnancy, which will help practitioners explain the condition to their patients. This important book will be of value to medical practitioners and other professionals dealing with toxoplasmosis.
