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Three Models Of Opinion Dynamics
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Book Synopsis Three Models of Opinion Dynamics by : Mary Layton Atkinson
Download or read book Three Models of Opinion Dynamics written by Mary Layton Atkinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element develops an explanation of how and why all public policy preferences move over time.
Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Public Opinion by : Mary Layton Atkinson
Download or read book The Dynamics of Public Opinion written by Mary Layton Atkinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central question in political representation is whether government responds to the people. To understand that, we need to know what the government is doing, and what the people think of it. We seek to understand a key question necessary to answer those bigger questions: How does American public opinion move over time? We posit three patterns of change over time in public opinion, depending on the type of issue. Issues on which the two parties regularly disagree provide clear partisan cues to the public. For these party-cue issues we present a slight variation on the thermostatic theory from (Soroka and Wlezien (2010); Wlezien (1995)); our “implied thermostatic model.” A smaller number of issues divide the public along lines unrelated to partisanship, and so partisan control of government provides no relevant clue. Finally, we note a small but important class of issues which capture response to cultural shifts.
Book Synopsis Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness by : Vittorio Loreto
Download or read book Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness written by Vittorio Loreto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and reviews recent advances in the field in a comprehensive and non-technical way by focusing on the potential of emerging citizen-science and social-computation frameworks, coupled with the latest theoretical and modeling tools developed by physicists, mathematicians, computer and social scientists to analyse, interpret and visualize complex data sets. There is overwhelming evidence that the current organisation of our economies and societies is seriously damaging biological ecosystems and human living conditions in the short term, with potentially catastrophic effects in the long term. The need to re-organise the daily activities with the greatest impact – energy consumption, transport, housing – towards a more efficient and sustainable development model has recently been raised in the public debate on several global, environmental issues. Above all, this requires the mismatch between global, societal and individual needs to be addressed. Recent advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can trigger important transitions at the individual and collective level to achieve this aim. Based on the findings of the collaborative research network EveryAware the following developments among the emerging ICT technologies are discussed in depth in this volume: • Participatory sensing – where ICT development is pushed to the level where it can support informed action at the hyperlocal scale, providing capabilities for environmental monitoring, data aggregation and mining, as well as information presentation and sharing. • Web gaming, social computing and internet-mediated collaboration – where the Web will continue to acquire the status of an infrastructure for social computing, allowing users’ cognitive abilities to be coordinated in online communities, and steering the collective action towards predefined goals. • Collective awareness and decision-making – where the access to both personal and community data, collected by users, processed with suitable analysis tools, and re-presented in an appropriate format by usable communication interfaces leads to a bottom-up development of collective social strategies.
Book Synopsis Opinion Dynamics and the Evolution of Social Power in Social Networks by : Mengbin Ye
Download or read book Opinion Dynamics and the Evolution of Social Power in Social Networks written by Mengbin Ye and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses rigorous mathematical analysis to advance opinion dynamics models for social networks in three major directions. First, a novel model is proposed to capture how a discrepancy between an individual’s private and expressed opinions can develop due to social pressures that arise in group situations or through extremists deliberately shaping public opinion. Detailed theoretical analysis of the final opinion distribution is followed by use of the model to study Asch’s seminal experiments on conformity, and the phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance. Second, the DeGroot-Friedkin model for evolution of an individual’s social power (self-confidence) is developed in a number of directions. The key result establishes that an individual’s initial social power is forgotten exponentially fast, even when the network changes over time; eventually, an individual’s social power depends only on the (changing) network structure. Last, a model for the simultaneous discussion of multiple logically interdependent topics is proposed. To ensure that a consensus across the opinions of all individuals is achieved, it turns out that the interpersonal interactions must be weaker than an individual’s introspective cognitive process for establishing logical consistency among the topics. Otherwise, the individual may experience cognitive overload and the opinion system becomes unstable. Conclusions of interest to control engineers, social scientists, and researchers from other relevant disciplines are discussed throughout the thesis with support from both social science and control literature.
Book Synopsis Theory of Complexity by : Ricardo López-Ruiz
Download or read book Theory of Complexity written by Ricardo López-Ruiz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over two parts, this book examines the meaning of complexity in the context of systems both social and natural. Chapters cover such topics as the traveling salesman problem, models of opinion dynamics creation, a universal theory for knowledge formation in children, the evaluation of landscape organization and dynamics through information entropy indicators, and studying the performance of wind farms using artificial neural networks. We hope that this book will be useful to an audience interested in the different problems and approaches that are used within the theory of complexity
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas by : Zining Yang
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas written by Zining Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-02 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest research into CSS methods, uses, and results, as presented at the 2019 annual conference of the CSSSA. This conference was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 24 – 27, 2019, at the Drury Plaza Hotel. What follows is a diverse representation of new results and approaches for using the tools of CSS and agent-based modeling (ABM) for exploring complex phenomena across many different domains. Readers will therefore not only have the results of these specific projects on which to build, but will also gain a greater appreciation for the broad scope of CSS, and have a wealth of case-study examples that can serve as meaningful exemplars for new research projects and activities. The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas (CSSSA) is a professional society that aims to advance the field of CSS in all its areas, from fundamental principles to real-world applications, by holding conferences and workshops, promoting standards of scientific excellence in research and teaching, and publishing novel research findings.
Book Synopsis Dynamics and Analysis of Alignment Models of Collective Behavior by : Roman Shvydkoy
Download or read book Dynamics and Analysis of Alignment Models of Collective Behavior written by Roman Shvydkoy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a class of alignment models based on the so-called Cucker-Smale system as well as its kinetic and hydrodynamic counterparts. Cutting edge research in the area of collective behavior is presented, including emerging techniques from fluid mechanics, fractional analysis, and kinetic theory. Analytical aspects are highlighted throughout, such as regularity theory and long time behavior of solutions. Featuring open problems, readers will be motivated to apply these breakthrough methods to future research. The chapters offer an overview of state of the art research with introductions to core concepts. Chapter One introduces the central focus of the book: The agent-based Cucker-Smale system. Further agent-based systems and alignment systems are covered in chapters Two and Three. Following this are chapters covering the kinetic and hydrodynamic variants of the Cucker-Smale system. The core well-posedness theory of both smooth and singular models is then presented. Chapter Eight discusses the fully developed one-dimensional theory. The final chapter presents some of the known partial results concerning the regularity of multidimensional Euler Alignment systems. Dynamics and Analysis of Alignment Models of Collective Behavior is ideal for graduate students and researchers studying PDEs, especially those interested in the active areas of collective behavior and alignment models.
Book Synopsis An Energy-Based Interaction Model for Population Opinion Dynamics with Topic Coupling by : Hossein Noorazar
Download or read book An Energy-Based Interaction Model for Population Opinion Dynamics with Topic Coupling written by Hossein Noorazar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opinion dynamics, also called the opinion game, has gained a great deal of attention during past several decades. It tries to model and explain the evolution of opinions of people in a society. How individuals learn, how ideas are spread out, the role of leaders and/or media in directing public opinion, co-existence of different ideas held by distinct groups and loss of cultures and languages in global village era are fascinating phenomena, attracting the attention of scientists.
Book Synopsis Distributed Control of Robotic Networks by : Francesco Bullo
Download or read book Distributed Control of Robotic Networks written by Francesco Bullo and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This self-contained introduction to the distributed control of robotic networks offers a distinctive blend of computer science and control theory. The book presents a broad set of tools for understanding coordination algorithms, determining their correctness, and assessing their complexity; and it analyzes various cooperative strategies for tasks such as consensus, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, deployment, and boundary estimation. The unifying theme is a formal model for robotic networks that explicitly incorporates their communication, sensing, control, and processing capabilities--a model that in turn leads to a common formal language to describe and analyze coordination algorithms. Written for first- and second-year graduate students in control and robotics, the book will also be useful to researchers in control theory, robotics, distributed algorithms, and automata theory. The book provides explanations of the basic concepts and main results, as well as numerous examples and exercises. Self-contained exposition of graph-theoretic concepts, distributed algorithms, and complexity measures for processor networks with fixed interconnection topology and for robotic networks with position-dependent interconnection topology Detailed treatment of averaging and consensus algorithms interpreted as linear iterations on synchronous networks Introduction of geometric notions such as partitions, proximity graphs, and multicenter functions Detailed treatment of motion coordination algorithms for deployment, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, and boundary estimation
Download or read book Sociophysics written by Serge Galam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do humans behave much like atoms? Sociophysics, which uses tools and concepts from the physics of disordered matter to describe some aspects of social and political behavior, answers in the affirmative. But advocating the use of models from the physical sciences to understand human behavior could be perceived as tantamount to dismissing the existence of human free will and also enabling those seeking manipulative skills . This thought-provoking book argues it is just the contrary. Indeed, future developments and evaluation will either show sociophysics to be inadequate, thus supporting the hypothesis that people can primarily be considered to be free agents, or valid, thus opening the path to a radically different vision of society and personal responsibility. This book attempts to explain why and how humans behave much like atoms, at least in some aspects of their collective lives, and then proposes how this knowledge can serve as a unique key to a dramatic leap forwards in achieving more social freedom in the real world. At heart, sociophysics and this book are about better comprehending the richness and potential of our social interaction, and so distancing ourselves from inanimate atoms.
Book Synopsis Complex Population Dynamics by : Peter Turchin
Download or read book Complex Population Dynamics written by Peter Turchin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do organisms become extremely abundant one year and then seem to disappear a few years later? Why do population outbreaks in particular species happen more or less regularly in certain locations, but only irregularly (or never at all) in other locations? Complex population dynamics have fascinated biologists for decades. By bringing together mathematical models, statistical analyses, and field experiments, this book offers a comprehensive new synthesis of the theory of population oscillations. Peter Turchin first reviews the conceptual tools that ecologists use to investigate population oscillations, introducing population modeling and the statistical analysis of time series data. He then provides an in-depth discussion of several case studies--including the larch budmoth, southern pine beetle, red grouse, voles and lemmings, snowshoe hare, and ungulates--to develop a new analysis of the mechanisms that drive population oscillations in nature. Through such work, the author argues, ecologists can develop general laws of population dynamics that will help turn ecology into a truly quantitative and predictive science. Complex Population Dynamics integrates theoretical and empirical studies into a major new synthesis of current knowledge about population dynamics. It is also a pioneering work that sets the course for ecology's future as a predictive science.
Book Synopsis The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion by : John Zaller
Download or read book The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion written by John Zaller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-08-28 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1992 book explains how people acquire political information from elites and the mass media and convert it into political preferences.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications by : Poonam Bansal
Download or read book Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications written by Poonam Bansal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers high-quality papers presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (ICAIA 2020), held at Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India, on 6–7 February 2020. The book covers areas such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, computational optimization technologies and machine learning.
Book Synopsis Tides of Consent by : James A. Stimson
Download or read book Tides of Consent written by James A. Stimson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-14 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracking trends in American public opinion, this study examines moods of public policy over time. It argues that public opinion is decisive in American politics and identifies the citizens who produce influential change as a relatively small subset of the American electorate.
Book Synopsis Combative Politics by : Mary Layton Atkinson
Download or read book Combative Politics written by Mary Layton Atkinson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Affordable Care Act to No Child Left Behind, politicians often face a puzzling problem: although most Americans support the aims and key provisions of these policies, they oppose the bills themselves. How can this be? Why does the American public so often reject policies that seem to offer them exactly what they want? By the time a bill is pushed through Congress or ultimately defeated, we’ve often been exposed to weeks, months—even years—of media coverage that underscores the unpopular process of policymaking, and Mary Layton Atkinson argues that this leads us to reject the bill itself. Contrary to many Americans’ understandings of the policymaking process, the best answer to a complex problem is rarely self-evident, and politicians must weigh many potential options, each with merits and drawbacks. As the public awaits a resolution, the news media tend to focus not on the substance of the debate but on descriptions of partisan combat. This coverage leads the public to believe everyone in Washington has lost sight of the problem altogether and is merely pursuing policies designed for individual political gain. Politicians in turn exacerbate the problem when they focus their objections to proposed policies on the lawmaking process, claiming, for example, that a bill is being pushed through Congress with maneuvers designed to limit minority party input. These negative portrayals become linked in many people’s minds with the policy itself, leading to backlash against bills that may otherwise be seen as widely beneficial. Atkinson argues that journalists and educators can make changes to help inoculate Americans against the idea that debate always signifies dysfunction in the government. Journalists should strive to better connect information about policy provisions to the problems they are designed to ameliorate. Educators should stress that although debate sometimes serves political interests, it also offers citizens a window onto the lawmaking process that can help them evaluate the work their government is doing.
Book Synopsis Historical Dynamics by : Peter Turchin
Download or read book Historical Dynamics written by Peter Turchin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many historical processes are dynamic. Populations grow and decline. Empires expand and collapse. Religions spread and wither. Natural scientists have made great strides in understanding dynamical processes in the physical and biological worlds using a synthetic approach that combines mathematical modeling with statistical analyses. Taking up the problem of territorial dynamics--why some polities at certain times expand and at other times contract--this book shows that a similar research program can advance our understanding of dynamical processes in history. Peter Turchin develops hypotheses from a wide range of social, political, economic, and demographic factors: geopolitics, factors affecting collective solidarity, dynamics of ethnic assimilation/religious conversion, and the interaction between population dynamics and sociopolitical stability. He then translates these into a spectrum of mathematical models, investigates the dynamics predicted by the models, and contrasts model predictions with empirical patterns. Turchin's highly instructive empirical tests demonstrate that certain models predict empirical patterns with a very high degree of accuracy. For instance, one model accounts for the recurrent waves of state breakdown in medieval and early modern Europe. And historical data confirm that ethno-nationalist solidarity produces an aggressively expansive state under certain conditions (such as in locations where imperial frontiers coincide with religious divides). The strength of Turchin's results suggests that the synthetic approach he advocates can significantly improve our understanding of historical dynamics.
Book Synopsis Opinion Dynamics in Social Networks by : Qi Gu
Download or read book Opinion Dynamics in Social Networks written by Qi Gu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opinion dynamics is a complex procedure that entails a cognitive process when it deals with how a person integrates influential opinions to form revised opinion. Early research on opinion formation and social influence can be traced back to the eighteenth century. The original research focus was to study the conditions for people to aggregate information and reach consensus. Recently, due to the rise of the World Wide Web more and more studies tend to model opinion dynamics in large-scale social networks via computational methods. Among those works, non-Bayesian rule-of-thumb learning models keep gaining popularity due to their simplicity and computational efficiency. Unlike many non-Bayesian methods that treat individual opinions on various issues as independent beliefs but overlook the connections between knowledge fragments, we leverage from Bayesian approaches to consider opinions as a product inferred from one's knowledge-based system, where new knowledge fragments are acquired through social interaction and learning experiences. We study how an individual evaluates and adopts such knowledge fragments from others sources, both visible and invisible, on the basis of the findings from well-established social theories. A computational framework was developed to model opinion dynamics, in which we applied a probabilistic model named Bayesian Knowledge Bases to represent an individual's knowledge base. Opinion dynamics is studied by modeling opinion formation as a process of knowledge fusion, learning the impact metric that estimates the reliability of knowledge fragments, and identifying influential sources whose impact patterns are hidden. The contributions of this work can be summarized as 1) the development of a domain-independent computational method to model opinion formation by emphasizing the dependencies between knowledge pieces, 2) the capability to model different aspects of opinion dynamics in one entire system, 3) the intuitiveness in representing opinions such that the intents behind the opinion change can be readily captured, 4) the ability to characterize the influences in a social community by realizing and enriching theories of social communication, and 5) the flexibility of application on detecting and tracking hidden influential sources.
