Three essays on shallow and deep regional trade agreements

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Three essays on shallow and deep regional trade agreements by : Eli Sawadogo

Download or read book Three essays on shallow and deep regional trade agreements written by Eli Sawadogo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse comporte trois essais traitant des problématiques relatives aux effets des accords commerciaux régionaux et des effets frontières sur les flux commerciaux et le bien-être des populations des pays membres et non membres. Elle adapte et développe des méthodes écnométriques de dernières générations pour analyser empiriquement des hypothèses relatives à la distribution hétérogènedes gains de création de commerce et les effets frontières. Le premier chapitre analyse l'asymétriedes effets de création de commerce en considérant tant à l’intérieur d’accord spécifique qu’entre les types des accords d’une part et d’autre part en décomposant les facteurs explicatifs contribuant à l’hétérogénéité. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse à l’analyse en équilibre général de la pertinence de la dynamique d’intégration profonde dans une perspective hypothétique en étudiant le cas de la Zone delibre-échange continentale africaine. Le troisième chapitre porte sur l’hétérogénéité des effets frontières en regardant les effets selon les types d’accords commerciaux regionaux. Dans le chapitre 1, nous partons du constat que le niveau d’intégration et la taille des ACRs peuvent ne pas convenir à tous les membres de la même manière et on pourrait s’attendre à ce que les avantages de l'intégration soient répartis de manière asymétrique entre les pays membres. Les petits pays profitent généralement davantage de la libéralisation des échanges parce qu’ils bénéficient d’une amélioration plus importante des termes de l’échange et de la réduction des coûts du commerce parce que leurs consommateurs consacrent une part plus importante de leurs revenus aux biens importés. Les ACRs éliminent l’incertitude concernant l’accès aux marchés en rendant plus difficile pour les grands pays d’adopter un comportement opportuniste. Outre la taille des pays, les avantages des ACRs sont susceptibles de varier d’un pays à l’autre en raison des politiques commerciales initiales, des institutions, des infrastructures et des déterminants géographiques. Étant donné qu’une intégration plus profonde entraîne des pertes plus importantes en termes de flexibilité politique, on pourrait s’attendre à ce que la sélection des membres soit plus stricte pour les ACRs plus profonds et à ce que les gains commerciaux soient distribués de manière plus symétrique entre les membres de ces ACRs. Nous nous s'inspirons de l’approche écnométrique à deux étapes de Baier et al. (2019). Nos résultats montrent qu’il existe une grande hétérogénéité dans la distribution des gains commerciaux au sein des ACRs, certains pays subissant même des pertes, ce qui met en évidence la nature de second choix des ACRs. Plus précisément, nous obtenons que les effets directionnels par paire d’une ZLE sont plus hétérogènes que les effets directionnels par paire de l’UD qui, à leur tour, sont moins hétérogènes que ceux pour les MCs et les UMs. Cela signifie que les pays membres d’ACRs plus profonds ont tendance à bénéficier d’un effet de création de commerce similaire. Notre conclusion est conforme à nos attentes théoriques. Par ailleurs, nous constatons que de nombreux facteurs contribuent positivement ou négativement à l’hétérogénéïté dans la création de commerce entre une paire de pays appartenant à un type d’ACR avec des différences en termes d’ampleur. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous utilisons un modèle de gravité structurel en équilibre général pour générer dans une perspective hypothétique quatre scénarios pour la mise en œuvre de la ZLECAf. Le premier scénario concerne les effets de la ZLECAf en tant qu’une ZLE. Dans le deuxième scénario, nous supposons que la ZLECAf devient une UD avec un tarif extérieur commun. Le troisième scénario concerne le statut de MC et la quatrième expérience concerne le statut UM de la ZLECAf en lien avec le premier objectif général de l’article 3 des textes de la ZLECAf. Dans les quatre scénarios, nous sommes en mesure de stimuler l’incidence des quatre types d’ACRs sur les pays membres et leurs principaux partenaires commerciaux sur les flux commerciaux, les indices de résistance multilatérale, les prix à l’usine et le bien-être des populations. Nos résultats indiquent que les pays gagnent différemment selon le niveau d’intégration. Certains pays atteignent leur niveau optimal d’intégration dans l’UD. D’autres pays maximisent leurs gains commerciaux lorsque la ZLECAf est un MC. Nos résultats montrent également une situation non monotone pour un groupe de pays, notamment la majorité des pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Nous avons utilisé des produits manufacturés et considéré que la production est à élasticité nulle. Des recherches plus approfondies pourraient mener des analyses avec plusieurs secteurs en considérant une endogénéité de la production. Dans le chapitre 3, nous faisons une extension de l’approche économétique de Larch et al (2019)pour investiguer empiriquement sur les incitations des gouvernements à procéder à des ajustements des tarifs extérieurs après la conclusion de différents types d’accords commerciaux. L’économie du régionalisme fournit des explications sur les baisses et les hausses des tarifs extérieurs induites par la participation à un accord commercial. Les UD et les formes d’intégration plus poussées amènent les membres à fixer des tarifs extérieurs communs. C’est certainement vrai pour les membres de l’Union européenne, mais des écarts par rapport à cette règle sont observés dans d’autres cas. En faisant abstraction de la possibilité de déviations, la coordination a des implications importantes qui distinguent clairement les UD, les MC et les UM des ZLE. Les membres des ZLE peuvent fixer des tarifs extérieurs différents en raison des règles d’origine. Une application faible et/ou un contenu national faible encourageraient les membres de la ZLE à fixer des tarifs extérieurs assez similaires. Dans le cas contraire, les pays dont les tarifs extérieurs sont les plus élevés perdraient des recettes tarifaires sur le commerce extérieur au profit des membres de la ZLE dont les tarifs extérieurs sont les plus bas, lorsque les coûts de transport entre les membres de la ZLE sont faibles. Ainsi, la manière dont l'épaisseur de la frontière s’ajuste après la mise en œuvre de différents types d’ACR est une question empirique. Nos résultats montrent qu’en moyenne, les importateurs d’une ZLE imposent 19,52% de barrières supplémentaires aux non-membres, tandis que ceux d’une UD imposent 56,54% de barrières supplémentaires. Ce résultat semble refléter une certaine réalité puisque les membres de l’UD ont tendance à imposer davantage de barrières (tarifs extérieurs et mesures non tarifaires) aux non-membres. Les importateurs d’un MC ont tendance à faciliter environ 27,63% de barrières en moins pour les pays non-membres. Ce résultat pourrait s’expliquer par l’effet de taille dû à la présence des 26 pays membres de l’UE. Lorsque le nombre de membres augmente, le tarif commun a tendance à diminuer. Les pays importateurs membres de l’UM ont tendance à imposer 26,41% de barrières en plus aux pays non-membres

Three Essays on Regional Trade Agreements in International Trade

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Regional Trade Agreements in International Trade by : Jung Hur

Download or read book Three Essays on Regional Trade Agreements in International Trade written by Jung Hur and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815542
Total Pages : 768 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements by : Aaditya Mattoo

Download or read book Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).

Three Essays on the Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Development, Trade, and Investment

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Development, Trade, and Investment by : Denis E. Medvedev

Download or read book Three Essays on the Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Development, Trade, and Investment written by Denis E. Medvedev and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Regionalism in Standards

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Regionalism in Standards by : Maggie Xiaoyang Chen

Download or read book Regionalism in Standards written by Maggie Xiaoyang Chen and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and unconditionally blessed by multilateral trade rules. Chen and Mattoo find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Adopting a common standard in a Region--that is, harmonization--boosts exports of excluded industrial countries to the region. But it reduces exports of excluded developing countries, possibly because developing country firms are hurt more by an increase in the stringency of standards and benefit less from economies of scale in integrated markets. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain restrictive rules of origin, in which case intra-regional trade increases at the expense of trade with other, especially developing, countries. The authors propose a modification of international trade rules to strike a better balance between the interests of integrating and excluded countries. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the implications for trade of agreements on standards"--World Bank web site.

Negotiating Free-trade Agreements

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781921244957
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (449 download)

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Book Synopsis Negotiating Free-trade Agreements by : Walter Goode

Download or read book Negotiating Free-trade Agreements written by Walter Goode and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Africa agriculture trade monitor 2022

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Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Africa agriculture trade monitor 2022 by : Bouët, Antoine, ed.

Download or read book Africa agriculture trade monitor 2022 written by Bouët, Antoine, ed. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2022 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor, a flagship publication of AKADEMIYA2063 and the International Food Policy Research Institute, provides an overview of trade in agriculture in Africa, including analysis of short- and long-term trends and drivers behind Africa’s global trade, intra-African trade, and trade within Africa’s regional economic communities. The 2022 report looks at the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war; Africa’s participation in global value chains; intraregional trade in processed agricultural products; the potential benefits of ambitious implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement, and includes focused chapters on value chains for cocoa, coffee, and tea and on trade integration in Economic Community of Central African States.

Mega-Regional Trade Agreements

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319566636
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Mega-Regional Trade Agreements by : Thilo Rensmann

Download or read book Mega-Regional Trade Agreements written by Thilo Rensmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth analysis of "Mega-Regionals", the new generation of trans-regional free-trade agreements (FTAs) currently under negotiation, and their effect on the future of international economic law. The main focus centres on the EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), but the findings are also applicable to similar agreements under negotiation, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).The specific features of Mega-Regional Trade Agreements raise a number of issues with respect to their potential effect on the current system of international trade and investment law. These include the consequences of Mega-Regionals for the most-favoured-nation (MFN) principle, their relation to the multilateral system of the World Trade Organization (WTO), their democratic legitimacy and their interaction with existing bilateral investment treaties (BITs).The book is intended for academics and practitioners working in the field of international economic law.

Handbook of Commercial Policy

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444639268
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Commercial Policy by :

Download or read book Handbook of Commercial Policy written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Commercial Policy explores three main topics that permeate the study of commercial policy. The first section presents a broad set of basic empirical facts regarding the pattern and evolution of commercial policy, with the second section investigating the crosscutting legal issues relating to the purpose and design of agreements. Final sections cover key issues of commercial policy in the modern global economy. Every chapter in the book provides coverage from the perspectives of multilateral, and where appropriate, preferential trade agreements. While most other volumes are policy-oriented, this comprehensive guide explores the ways that intellectual thinking and rigor organize research, further making frontier-level synthesis and current theoretical, and empirical, research accessible to all. - Covers the research areas that are critical for understanding how the world of commercial policy has changed, especially over the last 20 years - Presents the way in which research on the topic has evolved - Scrutinizes the economic modeling of bargaining and legal issues - Useful for examining the theory and empirics of commercial policy

Multilateralizing Regionalism

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521506018
Total Pages : 743 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (215 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilateralizing Regionalism by : Patrick Low

Download or read book Multilateralizing Regionalism written by Patrick Low and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of revised papers from the 'Multilateralizing Regionalism' conference, held at the WTO in September 2007.

Economic Integration in the Maghreb

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Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484378377
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Integration in the Maghreb by : Mr.Alexei P Kireyev

Download or read book Economic Integration in the Maghreb written by Mr.Alexei P Kireyev and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individual countries of the Maghreb have achieved substantial progress on trade, but, as a region they remain the least integrated in the world. The share of intraregional trade is less than 5 percent of their total trade, substantially lower than in all other regional trading blocs around the world. Geopolitical considerations and restrictive economic policies have stifled regional integration. Economic policies have been guided by country-level considerations, with little attention to the region, and are not coordinated. Restrictions on trade and capital flows remain substantial and constrain regional integration for the private sector.

The Globalization Paradox

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191634255
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Globalization Paradox by : Dani Rodrik

Download or read book The Globalization Paradox written by Dani Rodrik and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, economists have driven forward the cause of globalization in financial institutions, labour markets, and trade. Yet there have been consistent warning signs that a global economy and free trade might not always be advantageous. Where are the pressure points? What could be done about them? Dani Rodrik examines the back-story from its seventeenth-century origins through the milestones of the gold standard, the Bretton Woods Agreement, and the Washington Consensus, to the present day. Although economic globalization has enabled unprecedented levels of prosperity in advanced countries and has been a boon to hundreds of millions of poor workers in China and elsewhere in Asia, it is a concept that rests on shaky pillars, he contends. Its long-term sustainability is not a given. The heart of Rodrik’s argument is a fundamental 'trilemma': that we cannot simultaneously pursue democracy, national self-determination, and economic globalization. Give too much power to governments, and you have protectionism. Give markets too much freedom, and you have an unstable world economy with little social and political support from those it is supposed to help. Rodrik argues for smart globalization, not maximum globalization.

Regional Trade Agreements in Asia

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781782543503
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (435 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Trade Agreements in Asia by : Van Hoa Tran

Download or read book Regional Trade Agreements in Asia written by Van Hoa Tran and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tran Van Hoa and Charles Harvie present this timely and original study of the likely effects of new regional developments in Asia.

Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of GVCs on Economic Development

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Publisher : World Trade Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789287041258
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (412 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of GVCs on Economic Development by : World Trade Organization

Download or read book Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of GVCs on Economic Development written by World Trade Organization and published by World Trade Organization. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is about a huge contribution to our deepening understanding of what the global economy really means and how it is changing. The report helpfully distinguishes elements of an economy that are tradable and the large set that are non-tradable. Clearly the tradables set is expanding with the support of enabling technology. The report argues that connectivity in the networks that define the evolving architecture of GVCs is important. This Global Value Chain Development Report is the result of intensive and detailed work in assembling and analyzing data on the structure of economies and on how they are linked. It creates a much clearer picture of evolving patterns of independence. It also presents a much clearer picture of comparative advantage. --Publisher description.

Regional Public Goods

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Publisher : IDB
ISBN 13 : 1931003858
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Public Goods by : Antoni Estevadeordal

Download or read book Regional Public Goods written by Antoni Estevadeordal and published by IDB. This book was released on 2004 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Country is Not a Company

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Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1422133400
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (221 download)

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Book Synopsis A Country is Not a Company by : Paul R. Krugman

Download or read book A Country is Not a Company written by Paul R. Krugman and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nobel-Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman argues that business leaders need to understand the differences between economic policy on the national and international scale and business strategy on the organizational scale. Economists deal with the closed system of a national economy, whereas executives live in the open-system world of business. Moreover, economists know that an economy must be run on the basis of general principles, but businesspeople are forever in search of the particular brilliant strategy. Krugman's article serves to elucidate the world of economics for businesspeople who are so close to it and yet are continually frustrated by what they see. Since 1922, Harvard Business Review has been a leading source of breakthrough management ideas-many of which still speak to and influence us today. The Harvard Business Review Classics series now offers readers the opportunity to make these seminal pieces a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world-and will have a direct impact on you today and for years to come.

Assessing the World Trade Organization

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108148409
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing the World Trade Organization by : Manfred Elsig

Download or read book Assessing the World Trade Organization written by Manfred Elsig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Trade Organization (WTO) recently celebrated twenty years of existence. The general wisdom is that its dispute settlement institutions work well and its negotiation machinery goes through a phase of prolonged crises. Assessing the World Trade Organization overcomes this myopic view and takes stock of the WTO's achievements whilst going beyond existing disciplinary narratives. With chapters written by scholars who have closely observed the development of the WTO in recent years, this book presents the state of the art in thinking about WTO performance. It also considers important issues such as the origins of the multilateral system, the accession process and the WTO's interaction with other international organisations. The contributions shed new light on untold stories, critically review and present existing scholarship, and sketch new research avenues for a future generation of trade scholars. This book will appeal to a wide audience that aims to better understand the drivers and obstacles of WTO performance.