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Author : Ling Shen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Political Institutions, Inequality, and Economic Growth written by Ling Shen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kevin Sylwester
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Institutional and Economic Development written by Kevin Sylwester and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anjan Kumar Saha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Income Inequality written by Anjan Kumar Saha and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contains three essays on income inequality. The underlying theme is to investigate the relationship of income inequality with political instability, economic growth, and financial development. To this end, the first study aims to explore the relationship of income inequality with political instability. Motivated by the observation that politically unstable countries tend to have wide income gaps, the study explores the possibility that major source of political instability is income inequality, which can be traced back to the history of early development across the globe. Using data for 95 countries, the estimates provide support for the notion that before 1500 CE early development of our ancestors, and after 1500 CE colonization, and evolution of institutions can explain today's income inequality, which subsequently affects political stability of a country. Irrespective of the subsamples used, the results confirm highly significant impact of unequal income distribution on political instability. The second study investigates the endogeneity between income inequality and economic growth, which seems to be impregnable in the literature. Motivated by Spolaore and Wacziarg's (2009) influential idea that genetic distance of population between countries puts barrier to the diffusion of development, this work constructs weighted average growth of other countries as instruments for economic growth that can explain inequality across the countries. The weights come from genetic and geographic distances between two countries. Income growth per capita is instrumented to find growth's impact on the top income shares first, and then the residuals of the regression are used as instruments for the top income shares to identify the net impact of top income shares on economic growth in the subsequent regressions. Using top income data of fourteen OECD countries for around hundred years, the estimates provide support to the view that growth reduces top income shares; however, top income shares in turn enhances economic growth. The third study explores the possibility of financial development as a major determinant of top income shares in the OECD countries. In a century long panel of time series data of top income shares and financial development, the work attempts to capture the impact of financial development on the income distribution of the top income strata. Couple of dynamic models has been used to check the robustness of our hypothesis in favour of financial development as a major source of rise in the top income shares. The results show that a one standard deviation rise in financial development, measured by private credit-GDP ratio, is associated with an increase of the top 1% income shares by around 0.3 standard deviation of its own. The effects are also robust to the other measures of top income shares.
Author : Roman Liesch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Crises, Inequality, and Political Behavior written by Roman Liesch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The academic literature offers various examples of how conflict over the distribution of resources influences elections, political preferences, and mass political action and as a consequence also everyday politics. The present dissertation explores such processes and illustrates with three examples how established theoretical models and newer ideas can be used to analyze political behavior. The first chapter uses data from many European Union member countries and shows that bad economic performance and especially rising unemployment correlates with lower levels of trust in political institutions. The theoretical model suggests that citizens, who are disappointed with the economy, reduce trust in political institutions. Further, more thorough analyses using the example of Spain show that a massive economic downturn heavily undermines the rustworthiness of representative political institutions. The second chapter analyzes how the income effects of policy reforms influence support for reform in the population. Data from a novel conjoint experiment in the United States shows that it matters how reforms influence one's own income. However, citizens also take into account how such reforms affect the average income. Further analyses suggest that this effect likely stems from American citizen's concern for how policy reforms influence the welfare of the poorest. The last contribution explores the question of what individuals do if they face inequality. Using data from a novel representative survey in the United States and Germany, which varies the randomly assigned inequality between two individuals, shows that they only incompletely equalize payoffs. We classify subjects based on their behavioral responses to inequality and find that the resulting typology helps predict which individuals support real-world policy interventions such as taxing the rich and welfare transfers to the poor. This dissertation thus contributes to the academic l.
Author : Shibalee Majumdar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (696 download)
Download or read book Essays on Inequality and Development written by Shibalee Majumdar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Inequality in the social, political and economic realms of an individual and a society's existence affects the social fabric and individual well-being. Even when the average income and food production of the world has increased manifolds in the last fifty years, extreme poverty and malnutrition exists in many parts of the world. The aim of my dissertation is to address a few relevant questions that are bound to arise in any mind that has been exposed to the developments of the local and global world. While my first essay questions the efficacy of the political reservation system in India in abating social and political inequality and improving the life of minority groups, my second and third essays studies the interactions between economic growth, government policies and income inequality. Reviewing previous research and detailed empirical analysis shows that the affirmative action of political reservation still has to go a long way in bringing the standard of living of the minority groups at par with the mainstream population, that economic growth has a heterogeneous association with income inequality across regions and that people-based and place-based government policies have non-uniform impact on inequality.
Author : Yaakov Khazanov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (479 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Growth and Political Economy written by Yaakov Khazanov and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew Silva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Economic Inequality written by Andrew Silva and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547437
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author : Barrington Moore
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501726420
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Moral Aspects of Economic Growth, and Other Essays written by Barrington Moore and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barrington Moore, Jr., one of the most distinguished thinkers in critical theory and historical sociology, was long concerned with the prospects for freedom and decency in industrial society. The product of decades of reflection on issues of authority, inequality, and injustice, this volume analyzes fluctuating moral beliefs and behavior in political and economic affairs at different points in history, from the early Middle Ages in England to the prospects for liberalism under twentieth-century Soviet socialism. The social sources of antisocial behavior; principles of social inequality; and the origins, enemies, and possibilities of rational discussion in public affairs—these are among the topics Moore considers as he seeks to uncover the historical causes of some accepted forms of morality and to assess their social consequences. The keynote essay examines how moral codes grew out of commercial practices in England from medieval times through the industrial revolution. Moore pays special attention to conceptions of honesty and the temptation to evade that inform the volume as a whole. In the other essays, he considers particular political issues, viewing "political" in its broadest sense as an unequal distribution of power and authority that carries a strong moral charge. Free of preaching and advocacy, his work offers a rare reasonable assessment of the morality of major social institutions over time.
Author : Timothy Earle
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Social Trust written by Timothy Earle and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1995-07-24 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the basic social-psychological problems that generate the need for social trust and other acculturation strategies. Social trust is examined within the context of competing social problem-solving tools. The authors analyze the problem of how social trust can be encouraged within a cultural context that favors other socialization strategies, particularly distrust. They look at the relation between social trust and risk communication, specifically how social trust might be used to transform public participation; from an ineffective formalist show into a creative, community-building, problem-solving process. The work distinguishes between two forms of social trust pertinent to our world today: pluralistic, which occurs within groups and is based on existing values, and cosmopolitan, which is an across-group phenomenon and is based on emerging values. Earle and Cvetkovich's study is the story of gradual movement from pluralistic to cosmopolitan social trust.
Author : Frédéric Bastiat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Essays on Political Economy written by Frédéric Bastiat and published by . This book was released on 1853 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. A. W. Rhodes
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191563390
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions written by R. A. W. Rhodes and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-06-13 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of political institutions is among the founding pillars of political science. With the rise of the 'new institutionalism', the study of institutions has returned to its place in the sun. This volume provides a comprehensive survey of where we are in the study of political institutions, covering both the traditional concerns of political science with constitutions, federalism and bureaucracy and more recent interest in theory and the constructed nature of institutions. The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions draws together a galaxy of distinguished contributors drawn from leading universities across the world. Authoritative reviews of the literature and assessments of future research directions will help to set the research agenda for the next decade.
Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484397657
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund has recognized in recent years that one cannot separate issues of economic growth and stability on one hand and equality on the other. Indeed, there is a strong case for considering inequality and an inability to sustain economic growth as two sides of the same coin. Central to the Fund’s mandate is providing advice that will enable members’ economies to grow on a sustained basis. But the Fund has rightly been cautious about recommending the use of redistributive policies given that such policies may themselves undercut economic efficiency and the prospects for sustained growth (the so-called “leaky bucket” hypothesis written about by the famous Yale economist Arthur Okun in the 1970s). This SDN follows up the previous SDN on inequality and growth by focusing on the role of redistribution. It finds that, from the perspective of the best available macroeconomic data, there is not a lot of evidence that redistribution has in fact undercut economic growth (except in extreme cases). One should be careful not to assume therefore—as Okun and others have—that there is a big tradeoff between redistribution and growth. The best available macroeconomic data do not support such a conclusion.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author : Kemal Dervis
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815729626
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)
Download or read book Reflections on Progress written by Kemal Dervis and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now, more than ever, the world needs growth-oriented and socially inclusive policymaking. Is the world giving up on the promise of ever-greater prosperity for all, on functioning democratic institutions, and on long-term peace? Is the special set of circumstances that led to the recent rapid growth in emerging markets unlikely to be present in the future? Will the second decade of the twenty first century end with “secular stagnation”? Does the rise of authoritarianism, populism, and fanatic nihilism—all experienced over the last few years—threaten to unravel what has been built painstakingly since the catastrophe of World War II? Kemal Dervis addresses these and similar questions in this thought-provoking series of essays written for Project Syndicate from 2011 to 2015. The essays are organized in three sections: global economic interdependence, inequality and the political economy of reform, and the specific challenge of Europe. The common theme is the need for growth-oriented and socially inclusive policymaking in an interdependent world. These kinds of policies offer the potential for another wave of unprecedented human progress aided by breathtaking new technologies. However, a huge and destabilizing disruption is possible if policymaking is not globally cooperative and is not focused on inclusion and greater equity. These essays synthesize the experience and analysis of a scholar and policymaker with national, regional, and international experience at the highest levels. Dervis exhibits a passion for combining strongly held values with political feasibility.
Author : Pranab Bardhan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262261814
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (618 download)
Download or read book Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation written by Pranab Bardhan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-11-05 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging review of some of the major issues in development economics focuses on the role of economic and political institutions. Drawing on the latest findings in institutional economics and political economy, Pranab Bardhan, a leader in the field of development economics, offers a relatively nontechnical discussion of current thinking on these issues from the viewpoint of poor countries, synthesizing recent research and reflecting on where we stand today. The institutional framework of an economy defines and constrains the opportunities of individuals, determines the business climate, and shapes the incentives and organizations for collective action on the part of communities; Pranab Bardhan finds the institutional framework to be relatively weak in many poor countries. Institutional failures, weak accountability mechanisms, and missed opportunities for cooperative problem-solving become the themes of the book, with the role of distributive conflicts in the persistence of dysfunctional institutions as a common thread. Special issues taken up include the institutions for securing property rights and resolving coordination failures; the structural basis of power; commitment devices and political accountability; the complex relationship between democracy and poverty (with examples from India, where both have been durable); decentralization and devolution of power; persistence of corruption; ethnic conflicts; and impediments to collective action. Formal models are largely avoided, except in two chapters where Bardhan briefly introduces new models to elucidate currently under-researched areas. Other chapters review existing models, emphasizing the essential ideas rather than the formal details. Thus the book will be valuable not only for economists but also for social scientists and policymakers.
Author : Friedrich List
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The National System of Political Economy written by Friedrich List and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
