Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamic Aspects

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamic Aspects by : Marco Guerrazzi

Download or read book Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamic Aspects written by Marco Guerrazzi and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays in Labour Market Mobility

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Labour Market Mobility by : Rayhaneh Esmaeilzadeh

Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Market Mobility written by Rayhaneh Esmaeilzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays in labour market mobility. These essays employ a dynamic multinomial logit model with discrete factor approximation for the specification of unobserved individual heterogeneity and Wooldridge's approach for controlling the endogeneity problem of initial conditions. The dynamic structural of the model is assumed to follow a first order Markov process. The data is taken from longitudinal levels of Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) and is restricted to males aged 25 to 55 between 1993 and 2004. I examine and discuss the importance of structural and spurious state dependence in three different aspects of labour market mobility. Relevant policy implications are discussed. The first essay compares immigrants and natives in self-employment transitions among four mutually exclusive and exhaustive states of paid-employment, self-employment, unemployment, and being out of the labour force. The second essay explores the factors explaining immigrant-native differences in stability, downward, and upward wage mobility rates. The final essay provides a comprehensive research on earnings dynamics of immigrants and natives within and between Canada and Denmark. This essay also employs Danish administrative registered dataset for the period 1994-2003. Empirical results show that state dependence exists in all states of labour market mobility with different degrees for immigrants and natives. Not all observed persistence is structural, some portion is due to the unobservable factors.

Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 : 9788897752325
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (523 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamics by : Marco Guerrazzi

Download or read book Three Essays on Labour Market Dynamics written by Marco Guerrazzi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 : 9788449045745
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (457 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics by : Dario S. Judzik

Download or read book Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics written by Dario S. Judzik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Esta tesis está constituida por tres ensayos empíricos sobre los determinantes de las dinámicas del mercado laboral. Cada uno de estos ensayos se centra en tres variables fundamentales para el mercado laboral: el salario real, la intensidad de capital (o capital por trabajador), y el empleo a nivel sectorial. El primer ensayo presenta un análisis sobre el proceso de fijación de salarios aplicado a 8 países, de acuerdo con la clasificación del mercado de trabajo de Daveri y Tabellini (2000): anglosajón (EE.UU. y Reino Unido), Europa continental (Francia, Italia y España), los países nórdicos (Suecia y Finlandia), y Japón. Los resultados muestran que la determinación de los salarios en las últimas décadas ha estado condicionada por tres factores estructurales, independientemente de las diferencias entre estos modelos económicos. Es decir, los resultados son robustos a diferentes estructuras institucionales, por ejemplo, si el mercado laboral se ve afectado por una más o menos estricta legislación de protección del empleo. La identificación de estos principales motores de la determinación de los salarios es fundamental para el diseño de políticas de desempleo porque éstos determinan los resultados del mercado laboral a través de la presión sobre los salarios. Dichos factores estructurales son: el crecimiento de la productividad, la desafiliación sindical, y el comercio internacional. También se pone de manifiesto que la desafiliación sindical y el comercio, mediante evitar que los salarios reales suban aún más, y aumentando así la brecha entre salario y productividad, han actuado como importantes contribuyentes a la continua caída en la participación de las rentas del trabajo. El segundo ensayo se centra en la intensidad de capital (es decir, la relación capital por trabajador), que generalmente se considera como un factor en crecimiento económico, y la evaluación empírica de sus factores determinantes ha sido un tema en general descuidado. Se presenta un marco analítico que incluye consideraciones del lado de la demanda en el modelo uniecuacional estándar de intensidad de capital. Los resultados de las estimaciones confirman el coste relativo de los factores de producción como motor de la oferta fundamental de la intensidad de capital generando, también, estimaciones plausibles de la elasticidad de sustitución entre capital y trabajo. Los dos proxies que consideramos para las presiones del lado de la demanda resultan también relevantes. Este resultado requiere un enfoque más amplio que el habitual cuando se trabaja con los factores de la demanda de producción y, como lo hemos hecho, al examinar los determinantes de la intensidad de capital. Este ensayo también revela la posibilidad de una naturaleza diferente de los cambios tecnológicos en Japón y los EE.UU. Como se ha argumentado, esta misma diferencia proporciona una explicación de la diferente evolución de la intensidad de capital en Japón y los EE.UU., e incluso de sus modelos de crecimiento ya bien conocidos, siendo Japón, tradicionalmente, uno de los grandes exportadores netos mundo; y los EE.UU. una de las mayores economías importadoras netas. Nuestros resultados alertan sobre un diseño simplista de las políticas basadas exclusivamente en consideraciones relativas a la oferta, y requieren un cuidadoso diseño de las políticas que afectan a las decisiones de las empresas sobre la inversión y la contratación de trabajo. La razón es que estas políticas afectan de manera crucial el comportamiento procíclico de la relación entre las tasas de utilización de la capacidad instalada y el empleo, ya que en las expansiones económicas la tasa de utilización de la capacidad tiende a aumentar proporcionalmente más que la tasa de empleo, probablemente debido a que en el muy corto plazo es menos costoso utilizar una mayor proporción de la capacidad ya instalada que contratar a nuevos trabajadores. En el tercer ensayo se analiza la heterogeneidad de la demanda laboral desde dos perspectivas empíricas. Por un lado, se calcula la elasticidad a nivel sectorial de la demanda de mano de obra y encontramos que estos valores varían significativamente entre las actividades económicas. Éstos son, generalmente, más altos en los EE.UU. y en Suecia que los que se encuentran en el caso de Alemania. Por otra parte, se investigan los efectos sobre el empleo de una mayor exposición al comercio internacional. Hacemos esto mediante la ampliación de un modelo de demanda de trabajo sectorial con apertura al comercio en la ecuación empírica. Luego, se desagrega la apertura al comercio en cuatro variables de acuerdo a cuatro tipos de mercancías: manufacturas, servicios, agricultura y combustibles. Por último, este ensayo también verifica la presencia de cambio tecnológico ahorrador de trabajo (labor-saving) en los tres países estudiados. Este descubrimiento es un resultado común en la literatura relacionada (Klump et al. 2012, Feldmann 2013). En particular, en los EE.UU. y Suecia se detecta una tasa de crecimiento de la eficiencia del trabajo similar. Dado que hay un efecto negativo sobre el empleo del cambio técnico, esta menor tasa de crecimiento de la eficiencia en el caso de Alemania puede explicar, en parte, su desempeño laboral diferenciado en la última década.

Three Essays on the Labour Market Macroeconomics

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Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Labour Market Macroeconomics by : Pedro Trivín

Download or read book Three Essays on the Labour Market Macroeconomics written by Pedro Trivín and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays in Labour Economics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Labour Economics by : Kenjiro Hori

Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Economics written by Kenjiro Hori and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on the Impact of Economic Change on the Labour Market

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Impact of Economic Change on the Labour Market by : Timo Leidecker

Download or read book Three Essays on the Impact of Economic Change on the Labour Market written by Timo Leidecker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on Frictional Labor Markets

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Frictional Labor Markets by : Georg Duernecker

Download or read book Three Essays on Frictional Labor Markets written by Georg Duernecker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on Labour Market Dynamics

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Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis Essays on Labour Market Dynamics by : Michael Stewart Simmons

Download or read book Essays on Labour Market Dynamics written by Michael Stewart Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays in Labor Economics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Labor Economics by : Cristóbal Huneeus

Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics written by Cristóbal Huneeus and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Labour Markets and Uncertainty

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Labour Markets and Uncertainty by :

Download or read book Labour Markets and Uncertainty written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on Labor Market Friction and the Business Cycle

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labor Market Friction and the Business Cycle by : Jong-Seok Oh

Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Market Friction and the Business Cycle written by Jong-Seok Oh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the macroeconomic impact of reduced labor market friction on the U.S. business cycle after the mid-1980s. The first two essays investigate the relationship between labor market flexibility and macroeconomic stability from a post-Keynesian perspective. In the third essay which reviews the relationship between labor market flexibility and patterns of U.S. business cycle, I test the argument that after 1985 Okun's coefficient became larger due to the flexible labor market. In essay 1, considering two aspects of labor market flexibility, employment flexibility and real wage flexibility, I adopt the flex-output model (Skott, 2015) to first discuss employment flexibility and then extend it by incorporating real wage dynamics induced from a wage-price Phillips curve (Flaschel and Krolzig, 2006) to address real wage flexibility. The simulation of model explains that employment flexibility increases instability of an economy whereas real wage flexibility reduces it. Empirical results of this paper suggest that during the Great Moderation, real wage flexibility played a major role in stabilizing the U.S. economy. On the other hand, employment flexibility has contributed to destabilizing the economy during the Great Recession. In essay 2, using structural VAR analysis, I provide more rigorous empirical evidence to support the hypothesis in essay 1 - real wage flexibility played a major role in stabilizing U.S. economy during the Great Moderation, and employment flexibility has contributed to destabilizing the economy during the Great Recession. I found that during the Great Moderation (1) Employment and real wage flexibilities were operating simultaneously; (2) The employment flexibility was not so severe; (3) Flexible real wages functioned as an autonomic stabilizer; (4) Therefore, stabilized goods market during the Great Moderation can be explained by dominating effect of the real wage flexibility over the employment flexibility. For the Great Recession, however, severe asymmetry in the business cycle and the lack of observations obstructs reliable empirical work. In essay 3, I discuss the observations of increased cyclicality in aggregate hours and increased responsiveness of the (un)employment rate to output changes after 1985, which have contributed to recent debate about the validity of Okun's law. To investigate this, I measure Okun's coefficients in three phases of the business cycle - recessions, early expansions and late expansions. Related findings include: (1) The main determining factor for an increased coefficient for aggregate hours is the increased responsiveness of the employment rate during late expansions. (2) The increased responsiveness of hours per employee in early expansion is another main determining factor for more reactive aggregate hours. These findings conflict with the flexible labor market hypothesis that focuses mainly on firms' firing behaviors during recessions when they incur less costs than previously.

Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany

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Publisher : wbv Media GmbH & Company KG
ISBN 13 : 376394088X
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany by : Jens Stephani

Download or read book Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany written by Jens Stephani and published by wbv Media GmbH & Company KG. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Buch thematisiert verschiedene Aspekte der Lohndynamik in Deutschland. Während der Hauptteil des Buches sich mit dem Lohnwachstum und der Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern beschäftigt, analysiert ein kleinerer Teil die Entwicklung der Lohneffekte der Tarifbindung für alle Beschäftigten. Unter anderem wird gezeigt, dass die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern in besser bezahlte Jobs kein lediglich temporäres Phänomen ist, sondern für diese Beschäftigten zu längerfristig höheren Lohnniveaus führen kann. Das Lohnwachstum von Geringverdienern hängt allerdings von anderen betrieblichen Einflussfaktoren ab als das Lohnwachstum von Besserverdienern. Auch Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wie zum Beispiel die individuelle Kontrollüberzeugung beeinflussen die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern. Weiterhin zeigen die Analysen, dass trotz des kontinuierlichen Rückgangs des gewerkschaftlichen Organisationsgrads und der Tarifbindung im letzten Jahrzehnt weiterhin eine - wenn auch geringe - positive Lohnprämie der Tarifbindung existiert.

Three Essays in Labour Economics

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Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Labour Economics by : Nayha Mansoor

Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Economics written by Nayha Mansoor and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on Labor Economics, Dynamic Decision Making and the Role of Gender

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Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Labor Economics, Dynamic Decision Making and the Role of Gender by : Boryana Antonova Ilieva

Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics, Dynamic Decision Making and the Role of Gender written by Boryana Antonova Ilieva and published by . This book was released on 2023* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Englische Version: The topic of this thesis is the heterogeneity in labor market outcomes over the life cycle and across gender. The thesis comprises three independent research papers (Chapters 2-4), which focus on complementary aspects of the overreaching research question: how do employment choices determine earnings, and what role does the gender component play? Chapter 1 introduces the topic of wage and gender gaps and how these stand related to employment choices. Chapter 2 analyzes data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the Panel's Innovation Sample and investigates the role of biases in beliefs. It relates misperceptions about the labor market remuneration of years spent working part-time to the women's propensity to engage in part-time employment and the consequent earnings losses. Chapter 3 adds the dimension of career development. It posits that part-time penalties in experience accumulation decrease the chances of being promoted and that promotions are important sources of wage growth. In sum, the analysis shows that part-time wage penalties have two key components - hampered career progression to higher-paying career levels and stagnating wage growth regardless of career level. The final chapter adds to the discussion on solutions to a longstanding challenge in empirical labor economics posed by the selection bias in wages observed by econometricians. It contributes a novel non-parametric estimator of the selection-free cumulative distribution wage function. This chapter leverages administrative data records from Germany to show how the estimator can be applied in estimating a selection-corrected distribution of gender wage gaps.

Essays on Labor Market Inequality

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Labor Market Inequality by : Conrad Miller (Ph. D.)

Download or read book Essays on Labor Market Inequality written by Conrad Miller (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three chapters on aspects of labor market inequality. In chapter 1, I estimate the dynamic effects of federal affirmative action regulation, exploiting variation in the timing of regulation and deregulation across work establishments. I find that affirmative action sharply increases the black share of employees, with the share continuing to increase over time: five years after an establishment is first regulated, its black share of employees increased by an average of 0.8 percentage points. Strikingly, the black share continues to grow even after an establishment is deregulated. Building on the canonical Phelps (1972) model of statistical discrimination, I argue that this persistence is in part driven by affirmative action inducing employers to increase the precision with which they screen potential employees. I then provide supporting evidence. In chapter 2, I study the spatial mismatch hypothesis, which proposes that job suburbanization isolates blacks from work opportunities and depresses black employment. Using synthetic panel methods and variation across metropolitan areas from 1970 to 2000, I find that for every 10% decline in the fraction of metropolitan area jobs located in the central city, black employment (earnings) declined by 1.4-2.1% (1.1-2.3%) relative to white employment (earnings). This relationship is driven primarily by job suburbanization that occurred during the 1970's. To address the potential endogeneity of suburbanization, I exploit exogenous variation in highway construction and find that highways cause job suburbanization and declines in black relative employment in a manner consistent with spatial mismatch. In chapter 3, joint work with Isaiah Andrews, we analyze the effect of heterogeneity on the widely used analyses of Baily (1978) and Chetty (2006) for optimal social insurance. The basic Baily-Chetty formula is robust to heterogeneity along many dimensions but requires that risk aversion be homogeneous. We extend the Baily-Chetty framework to allow for arbitrary heterogeneity across agents, particularly in risk preferences. We find that heterogeneity in risk aversion affects welfare analysis through the covariance of risk aversion and consumption drops, which measures the extent to which larger risks are borne by more risk tolerant workers. Calibrations suggest that this covariance effect may be large.

Three Essays on Labor Market Frictions Under Firm Entry and Financial Business Cycles

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labor Market Frictions Under Firm Entry and Financial Business Cycles by : Jeremy Rastouil

Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Market Frictions Under Firm Entry and Financial Business Cycles written by Jeremy Rastouil and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Great Recession, the interactions between housing, labor and entry highlight the existence of narrow propagation channels between these markets. The aim of this thesis is to shed a light on labor market interactions with firm entry and financial business cycles, by building on the recent theoretical and empirical of DSGE models. In the first chapter, we have found evidence of the key role of the net entry as an amplifying mechanism for employment dynamics. Introducing search and matching frictions, we have studied from a new perspective the cyclicality of the mark-up compared to previous researches that use Walrasian labor market. We found a less countercyclical markup due to the acyclical aspect of the marginal cost in the DMP framework and a reduced role according to firm's entry in the cyclicality of the markup. In the second chapter, we have linked the borrowing capacity of households to their employment situation on the labor market. With this new microfoundation of the collateral constraint, new matches on the labor market translate into more mortgages, while separation induces an exclusion from financial markets for jobseekers. As a result, the LTV becomes endogenous by responding procyclically to employment fluctuations. We have shown that this device is empirically relevant and solves the anomalies of the standard collateral constraint. In the last chapter, we extend the analysis developed in the previous one by integrating collateral constrained firms in order to have a more complete financial business cycle. The first result is that an entrepreneur collateral constraint integrating capital, real commercial estate and wage bill in advance is empirically relevant compared to the collateral literature associated to the labor market which does not consider these three assets. The second finding is the role of the housing price and credit squeezes in the rise of the unemployment rate during the Great Recession. The last two chapters have important implications for economic policy. A structural deregulation reform in the labor market induces a significant rise in the debt level for households and housing price, combined with a substantial rise of firm debt. Our approach allows us to reveal that a macroprudential policy aiming to tighten the LTV ratio for household borrowers has positive effects in the long run for output and employment, while tightening LTV ratios for entrepreneurs leads to the opposite effect.