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Author : Brian Stacy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321150766
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics and the Economics of Education written by Brian Stacy and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mohsen Javdani Haji
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Economics and the Economics of Education written by Mohsen Javdani Haji and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three empirical essays. The first chapter is focused on the economics of gender, and the other two chapters are focused on the economics of education. A common theme in all these three chapters is studying the outcomes of disadvantaged groups in society, with an eye to policy interventions that could improve these outcomes. The first chapter examines whether women face a glass ceiling in the labour market, which would imply that they are under-represented in high wage regions of the wage distribution. I also measure the extent to which the glass ceiling comes about because women are segregated into lower-paying firms (glass doors), or because they are segregated into lower-paying jobs within firms (within-firm glass ceilings). I find clear evidence that women experience a glass ceiling that is driven mainly by their disproportionate sorting across firm types rather than sorting across jobs within firms. I find no evidence that gender differences in sorting across firms can be accounted for by compensating differentials. However, my results are consistent with predictions of an efficiency wage model where high-paying firms discriminate against females. The second chapter estimates the effect of publicly-disseminated information about school achievement on school choice decisions. We find that students are more likely to leave their school when public information reveals poor school-level performance. Some parents' respond to information soon after it becomes available. Others, including non-English-speaking parents, alter their school choice decisions only in response to information that has been disseminated widely and discussed in the media. Parents in low-income neighbourhoods are most likely to alter their school choice decisions in response to new information. The third chapter measures the extent to which cross-sectional differences in schools' average achievement on standardized tests are due to transitory factors. Test-based measures of school performance are increasingly used to shape education policy, and recent evidence shows that they also affect families' school choice decisions. There are, however, concerns about the precision of these measures. My results suggest that sampling variation and one-time mean reverting shocks are a significant source of cross-sectional variation in schools' mean test scores.
Author : Steven Dieterle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267381996
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (819 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Steven Dieterle and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Empirical Labour Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Miroslav Kučera
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Empirical Labour Economics written by Miroslav Kučera and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following thesis consists of three essays, each one being a study of issues of accumulation of and returns to human capital using real-world individual-level data. The first study examines what underlies differences in educational attainment between the children of immigrants to Canada and the children of the Canadian-born parents. It concludes that the children of immigrants have done better in terms of schooling, and that individual and family variables as well as unobserved characteristics such as ability cannot fully account for this difference. The second study utilizes unique Canadian surveys to investigate the effects of overeducation on wages of post-secondary graduates. It confirms that jobs requiring a post-secondary degree pay substantially higher wages than jobs that do not require education beyond high-school, and also finds a large variation both in returns to required education as well as in overeducation premia across genders, degrees and fields of study. The last essay proposes and estimates a structural dynamic model of optimal schooling and wages to explain differences between American whites and ethnic minorities of Afro-Americans and Hispanics. The study finds, among other things, that differences in educational attainment between the three ethnics can largely be explained by differences in individual endowments, while behavioural differences seem to be more important in explaining wage differences.
Author : Jordan Dmitri Matsudaira
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Education and Labor Economics written by Jordan Dmitri Matsudaira and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nayha Mansoor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Economics written by Nayha Mansoor and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jaime Lynn Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124017358
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics and the Economics of Education written by Jaime Lynn Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses three broad issues within the fields of labor economics and the economics of education: the accumulation of human and information capital, school quality, and policy-relevant analysis of classroom organization. At the secondary-school level, I document the importance of information capital, or accurate information about postsecondary and labor-market alternatives. At the elementary-school level, I analyze the effect of combination classes and discuss different ways to measure school quality and the importance of these measures to parents of school-aged children. In the first chapter, "Information Capital and Early-Career Wages," I define one measure of information capital acquired by students during high school and develop a framework through which I analyze the effect of this measure on educational attainment, job tenure, and wages. I also investigate the school-level characteristics that influence an individual's stock of information capital. In the second chapter, "Combination Classes and Educational Achievement," I measure the effect of membership in a combination class in first grade on student achievement. I address the selection that occurs when implementing a combination class and find that first graders in 1-2 combinations can be expected to outperform single-grade students on math tests by one-seventh of a standard deviation. In addition, I find no evidence that first graders in schools offering combination classes perform worse than first graders in schools that do not offer such classes. Therefore, I conclude that combination classes may be a Pareto-improving option for school administrators. In the last chapter, "Neighborhood Demographics, School Effectiveness, and Residential Location Choice," I investigate how neighborhood demographics and school effectiveness influence the residential location decisions of parents of different income levels. I find that low-income parents in the San Francisco Bay Area respond more strongly to school effectiveness than to neighborhood demographics, but that the reverse is true for high-income parents.
Author : Mina Alizadehsadrdaneshpour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Health and Labour Economics written by Mina Alizadehsadrdaneshpour and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay examines a dynamic effect of diabetes on employment. The second essay uses a broader measure of health and investigates its interaction with employment. The third essay explores a dynamic effect of education on hourly wage. The first essay investigates the diabetes effect on employment in Canada. The data is taken from the National Population Health Survey and men and women between age 25 and 64 are analysed separately. In contrast to the previous static studies on the effect of diabetes on labour market outcomes, this essay uses a dynamic model to identify the impacts of diabetes on employment in Canada. Results show that diabetes has a positive but insignificant effect on employment for men. The effect of diabetes on employment for women is negative and significant. The results confirm the signs and significance of diabetes coefficients estimated by static studies; however, the numbers are much smaller. Particularly, precise estimates of diabetes effect on employment would be helpful for policy makers to know the economic burden and design the appropriate policies. The second essay uses a broader measure of health to explore the relationship with employment. In contrast to previous static Canadian studies on the impact of health on labour market outcomes, this essay estimates a dynamic model using simultaneous equations to obtain more precise model specification for the interaction of health and labour market outcome. Results show that there is a high state dependency in employment and health for both men and women. Moreover, there is a highly significant and positive effect of health on employment for both men and women. As a result, health policies that have positive and direct effects on health can have positive and indirect effects on employment. The third essay investigates the return to education using a dynamic approach in Canada. This essay uses the longitudinal Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and estimates the dynamic model for men and women between the age of 25 and 64 separately. In contrast to the previous static Canadian studies on the return to education, this essay estimates a dynamic Mincer model through a system GMM method to obtain more precise model specification for the return to education. Results demonstrate that the hourly wage is highly persistent for both men and women between age 25 and 64. The results also show that the return to schooling is increasing at the beginning of the working life for both men and women compared to a constant return to schooling by static Mincer function. Identifying the return to education can be useful for policy makers to decide on education expenditures and finance schooling programs.
Author : Giulia Vattuone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Economics written by Giulia Vattuone and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Seth D. Zimmerman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (912 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics and the Economics of Education written by Seth D. Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John M. McAdams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303175671
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (756 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics written by John M. McAdams and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays in labor economics. The first chapter tackles a classic problem in labor economics: estimating the returns to schooling. Compulsory schooling laws have been used extensively as an instrument for years of completed schooling in estimating the causal effect of education on a number of outcomes. But pre-existing state-level trends in educational attainment induce a spurious positive relationship between educational attainment and compulsory schooling laws. An event study model reveals that the laws have no effect on the distribution of educational attainment, thus making them inappropriate as an instrument. The laws' ineffectiveness can be explained by non-compliance and by measurement error in the proxy used to assign the laws in typical micro datasets. The second chapter investigates the impact of school starting age policy on the propensity to commit crime. The timing of school entry will affect the maturity and readiness to learn of those whose entry decision is directly affected by the policy, and students who are not directly affected by changes in school entry policies may benefit from an older average cohort through positive peer effects. I find that a higher school starting age cutoff leads to lower rates of incarceration among both those directly affected by the laws and those who were only indirectly affected. However, the reduction in crime among those directly affected is smaller in magnitude, implying that delaying school entry is harmful with respect to crime outcomes. The third chapter examines whether expanding access to advanced coursework--in particular, Advanced Placement (AP) courses--in high school leads to greater student participation and changes in post-secondary outcomes. I study the receipt of two federal grants to expand student participation in AP within a large, urban school district. Exposure to the grant led to a 38 percent increase in average AP course taking, as well as higher enrollment at two-year colleges and persistence to the second year of college.
Author : Kelly Noud Vosters
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339920504
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (25 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics written by Kelly Noud Vosters and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Szilvia Hámori
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (277 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labour Economics and Economics of Education written by Szilvia Hámori and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John Enrico DiNardo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (781 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Labor written by John Enrico DiNardo and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eliana Viviano
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Labour Economics written by Eliana Viviano and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexander Lars Philip Willén
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Essays in Labor and Education Economics written by Alexander Lars Philip Willén and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays, each using advanced empirical methods to address important questions within the fields of labor and education economics. In Chapter 1, I exploit a Swedish reform that eliminated the fixed national pay scale for teachers to present novel evidence on the labor market effects of wage decentralization. Identification of the causal effect of the reform is achieved by using differences in non-teacher wages across local labor markets prior to the reform as a measure of treatment intensity in a dose-response difference-in-difference framework. I find that decentralization induces large changes in teacher pay, and that these changes are entirely financed through a reallocation of existing education resources. The magnitude of the wage effect is negatively related to teacher age, such that the reform led to a disproportionate increase in entry wage and a flattening of the age-wage relationship. Contrary to the predictions of the Roy model, decentralization does not impact teacher composition or student outcomes. I show that a main reason for this relates to general equilibrium and wage spillover effects to substitute occupations. In Chapter 2, which is joint work with Anders Böhlmark, we examine how ethnic residential segregation affects long-term outcomes of immigrants and natives. The key challenge with identifying neighborhood effects is that individuals sort across regions for reasons that are unobserved by the researcher but relevant as determinants of individual outcomes. Such nonrandom selection leads to invalid inference in correlational studies since individuals in neighborhoods with different population compositions are not comparable even after adjusting for differences in observable characteristics. To overcome this issue, we borrow theoretical insight from the one-sided tipping point model used by Card, Mas and Rothstein (2008). This model predicts that residential segregation can arise due to social interactions in white preferences: once the minority share in a neighborhood passes a certain “tipping point,” the neighborhood will be subject to white flight and avoidance, causing a discontinuity in white population growth. After having found evidence for the tipping phenomenon in Sweden, we use the tipping threshold as a source of exogenous variation in population composition to provide new evidence on the effect of neighborhood segregation on individual outcomes. We find negative effects on the educational attainment of native children. These effects are temporary and do not carry over to the labor market. We show that these transitory education effects are isolated to natives who leave tipped areas, suggesting that they may be driven by short-term disruptions caused by moving. In Chapter 3, which is joint work with Michael Lovenheim, we analyze the effect of teacher collective bargaining laws on long-run labor market and educational attainment outcomes, exploiting the timing of passage of duty-to-bargain (DTB) laws across cohorts within states and across states over time. We find robust evidence that exposure to teacher DTB laws worsens the future labor market outcomes of men: in the first 10 years after passage of a DTB law, male earnings decline by $1,974 (or 3.64%) per year and h.
