Thought Experiments Between Nature And Society

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Thought Experiments between Nature and Society

Author : Bojan Borstner
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443873152
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Thought Experiments between Nature and Society by : Bojan Borstner

Download or read book Thought Experiments between Nature and Society written by Bojan Borstner and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a prominent figure in analytic philosophy of the 20th and 21st centuries, Nenad Miščević has enriched, enhanced, and expanded many areas of the field. This volume, dedicated to him for his 65th birthday, follows the virtues he so much respects – conceptual analysis, rigorous use of logics, and clear definitions – and applies them to a very hot topic in philosophy, thought experiments. Present throughout the history of philosophy, thought experiments have become indispensable for the discipline and for analytic philosophy in particular. But questions can be asked, as to what exactly is a thought experiment, what it consists of, and, most importantly, if it is even useful for philosophy. Next to these conceptual questions, this collection tackles thought experiments that have tradition, some of them very long, like The Ring of Gyges, The Social Contract, and Descartes’ Evil Demon. Others, like Twin Earth, Gettier cases and Brain-in-a-Vat thought experiments, have prompted at least half-a-century-long trails. One cannot understand contemporary analytic philosophy without understanding these trails and traditions. Nenad’s closest friends and colleagues, from all over Europe, share their thoughts on this topic in this book, followed diligently by Nenad’s comments on their work.

Thought Experiments

Author : Nenad Miscevic
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030810828
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Thought Experiments by : Nenad Miscevic

Download or read book Thought Experiments written by Nenad Miscevic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a readable introduction to the main aspects of thought experimenting in philosophy and science (together with related imaginative activities in mathematics and linguistics). It presents the main options in understanding thought experiments, from empiricism to Platonism, and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. However, it also provides some original perspectives on the topic. Firstly, it provides a new definition and analysis of thought experimenting that brings it closer to laboratory experimenting. Secondly, it develops the author’s earlier theory of “mental modelling”, proposed some decades ago by him, and some other researchers in the field as the crucial procedure in thought experimenting. The mental modelling approach links work with thought experimenting to cognitive science and to research on mental simulation which is a hot topic in present-day research. Thirdly, it proposes a principled way to respond to criticism of thought experimenting by “experimental philosophers” as they have been dominating the present-day debates. The response suggests a possible ameliorative, self-help project for thought experimenting. Finally, the book provides a way to systematize the history of important thought experiments in science and philosophy and thus connects, in an original way, the systematic investigation of experimenting to the historical work of famous thought experiments. It is of interest to scholars interested in history of ideas and philosophy of science.

Evolutionary Philosophy

Author : Ed Gibney
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 110569660X
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Philosophy by : Ed Gibney

Download or read book Evolutionary Philosophy written by Ed Gibney and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary Philosophy is the foundation text for a new belief system. We are all products of evolution. Understanding all of the implications of this statement leads to a comprehensive worldview that can answer our universally shared questions: Where did I come from? What am I? What is a good life? How do I know? These questions and many more are answered in this book, before the beliefs of 60 of the top philosophers of history are put to the test in an evaluation of the survival of their fittest ideas. This is an audacious work of research and analysis from author Ed Gibney, who finishes by asking readers to help Evolutionary Philosophy to grow and adapt as mankind's knowledge continues to accumulate. This clear and accessible work promises to help you reevaluate mankind's place in the universe and your place in society.

Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Contexts

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004201777
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Contexts by :

Download or read book Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Contexts written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decades of the twentieth century highly imaginative thought experiments were introduced in philosophy: Searle’s Chinese room, variations on the Brain-in-a-vat, Thomson’s violinist. At the same time historians of philosophy and science claimed the title of thought experiment for almost any argument: Descartes’ evil genius, Buridan’s ass, Gyges’ ring. In the early 1990s a systematic debate began concerning the epistemological status of thought experiments. The essays in this volume are an outcome of this debate. They were guided by the idea that, since we cannot forge a strict definition of thought experiments, we should at least tame the contemporary wild usage of this notion by analysing thought experiments from various periods, and thus clarify how they work, what their limits are, and what their conceptualisation could be. Medieval and Early Modern Science, 15

Philosophical Imagination

Author : Boris Vezjak
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527570711
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Imagination by : Boris Vezjak

Download or read book Philosophical Imagination written by Boris Vezjak and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thought experiments by ancient philosophers are often open to debate: in what sense did their reasoning really concern thought experimentation? For instance, in Plato’s Republic, Glaucon uses the myth of Gyges to demonstrate why people who practice justice do so unwillingly. A challenge, posed to Socrates and provided through some sort of thought experiment by imagining the effects of using the ring of invisibility, was intended to answer the question of human nature and our basis for the inclination towards justice or injustice. This collection expands the current, but rare, topic of whether it is possible to articulate a discussion about thought experiments and their arguments from the historical perspective of philosophy and science. It may sometimes seem that, in a loose sense, any philosophical reflection can already be interpreted as some form of thought experiment. Although the functions of it are very diverse and complex, and often closely linked to other cognitive tools, such as visualization, imagination or idealization, the contributions in this book provide new insights into how the concept of a thought experiment coincides with more modern perceptions. The purpose of the book is to show how philosophers, already in antiquity, began to use thought experiments and argumentation to convey theories in an accessible manner and how philosophical hypotheses, often being subjective and impossible to prove through empirical evidence, helped to promote scientific knowledge and discoveries. Different authors develop several lines of argumentation, claiming that philosophical thinking can be understood by comparing it to scientific experimenting, or vice versa: if empirical evidence is usually necessary for science, thought experiments may be used to develop a hypothesis or to prepare for experimentation. The analysis of historical examples of thought experiments might also contribute to a better understanding of philosophical endeavour in antiquity as a whole.

Identity Theory

Author : Peter J. Burke
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019973674X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Identity Theory by : Peter J. Burke

Download or read book Identity Theory written by Peter J. Burke and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-18 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of identity has become widespread within the social and behavioral sciences in recent years, cutting across disciplines from psychiatry and psychology to political science and sociology. All individuals claim particular identities given their roles in society, groups they belong to, and characteristics that describe themselves. Introduced almost 30 years ago, identity theory is a social psychological theory that attempts to understand identities, their sources in interaction and society, their processes of operation, and their consequences for interaction and society from a sociological perspective. This book describes identity theory, its origins, the research that supports it, and its future direction. It covers the relation between identity theory and other related theories, as well as the nature and operation of identities. In addition, the book discusses the multiple identities individuals hold from their multiple positions in society and organizations as well as the multiple identities activated by many people interacting in groups and organizations. And, it covers the manner in which identities offer both stability and change to individuals. Written in an accessible style, Identity Theory makes, step by step, the full range of this powerful new theory understandable to readers at all levels.

Natural Experiments of History

Author : Jared Diamond
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674076729
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Experiments of History by : Jared Diamond

Download or read book Natural Experiments of History written by Jared Diamond and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some central questions in the natural and social sciences can't be answered by controlled laboratory experiments, often considered to be the hallmark of the scientific method. This impossibility holds for any science concerned with the past. In addition, many manipulative experiments, while possible, would be considered immoral or illegal. One has to devise other methods of observing, describing, and explaining the world. In the historical disciplines, a fruitful approach has been to use natural experiments or the comparative method. This book consists of eight comparative studies drawn from history, archeology, economics, economic history, geography, and political science. The studies cover a spectrum of approaches, ranging from a non-quantitative narrative style in the early chapters to quantitative statistical analyses in the later chapters. The studies range from a simple two-way comparison of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, which share the island of Hispaniola, to comparisons of 81 Pacific islands and 233 areas of India. The societies discussed are contemporary ones, literate societies of recent centuries, and non-literate past societies. Geographically, they include the United States, Mexico, Brazil, western Europe, tropical Africa, India, Siberia, Australia, New Zealand, and other Pacific islands. In an Afterword, the editors discuss how to cope with methodological problems common to these and other natural experiments of history.

Institutional Diversity in Self-Governing Societies

Author : Filippo Sabetti
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 149852768X
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Institutional Diversity in Self-Governing Societies by : Filippo Sabetti

Download or read book Institutional Diversity in Self-Governing Societies written by Filippo Sabetti and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of Elinor and Vincent Ostrom represents a distinctive contribution to the study of political economy, public policy and administration, collective action, and governance theory. Efforts to present a comprehensive overview of the Bloomington School that grew around the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis (now renamed the Ostrom Workshop), which they founded more than 40 years ago, received new impetus with the award of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science to Elinor Ostrom in 2009. Since then, renewed attempts have been made to map the Ostroms’ contributions to theories of polycentric governance and collective action, and to multi-methods and comparative institutional analysis of ways of managing social and ecological systems, common pool resources, public economies, and metropolitan reform. The open-ended and multiform nature of the Ostroms’ research program defies a single comprehensive overview; yet, it is a stimulus towards both creativity and disciplinary cross-fertilization in social science research. What sets this volume apart is that it brings together theory and practice, models and work on the ground, design and creativity, empirics and norms, to outline the significance of the Ostroms’ research program for the future. Each contribution to the volume takes the Ostromian perspective as the point of departure, amplifies it and explores the ground for future work by engaging with other approaches and areas of research with which the Bloomington School has some affinities. This way of testing and extending the ideas and methods of the Ostroms is particularly appropriate since their research program, initiated and nurtured through the Workshop, has always been in-between different fields and sub-fields in the social sciences (political science, economics, public administration, law, history, anthropology), cultivating a strong interdisciplinary way of doing research and exploiting the virtuous circle between theory, analysis, model building, and empirical research. Engaging in a creative dialogue with ideas and methods of other research programs is a way of sharpening one’s analytic tools, while renovating one’s own vision of social research. This volume is a way of thinking through and beyond the Bloomington School.

Aristotle on the Nature of Community

Author : Adriel M. Trott
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107036259
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Aristotle on the Nature of Community by : Adriel M. Trott

Download or read book Aristotle on the Nature of Community written by Adriel M. Trott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adriel M. Trott reads Aristotle's Politics through the internal cause definition of nature to develop an active and inclusive account of politics.

The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments

Author : Michael T Stuart
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351705512
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments by : Michael T Stuart

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments written by Michael T Stuart and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thought experiments are a means of imaginative reasoning that lie at the heart of philosophy, from the pre-Socratics to the modern era, and they also play central roles in a range of fields, from physics to politics. The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments is an invaluable guide and reference source to this multifaceted subject. Comprising over 30 chapters by a team of international contributors, the Companion covers the following important areas: · the history of thought experiments, from antiquity to the trolley problem and quantum non-locality; · thought experiments in the humanities, arts, and sciences, including ethics, physics, theology, biology, mathematics, economics, and politics; · theories about the nature of thought experiments; · new discussions concerning the impact of experimental philosophy, cross-cultural comparison studies, metaphilosophy, computer simulations, idealization, dialectics, cognitive science, the artistic nature of thought experiments, and metaphysical issues. This broad ranging Companion goes backwards through history and sideways across disciplines. It also engages with philosophical perspectives from empiricism, rationalism, naturalism, skepticism, pluralism, contextualism, and neo-Kantianism to phenomenology. This volume will be valuable for anyone studying the methods of philosophy or any discipline that employs thought experiments, as well as anyone interested in the power and limits of the mind.

Mary Shelley and the Rights of the Child

Author : Eileen Hunt Botting
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812249623
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Mary Shelley and the Rights of the Child by : Eileen Hunt Botting

Download or read book Mary Shelley and the Rights of the Child written by Eileen Hunt Botting and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Mary Shelley and the Rights of the Child, Eileen Hunt Botting contends that Frankenstein is a profound work of speculative fiction designed to engage a radical moral and political question: do children have rights?

The SAGE Handbook of the Philosophy of Social Sciences

Author : Ian C Jarvie
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446209717
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of the Philosophy of Social Sciences by : Ian C Jarvie

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of the Philosophy of Social Sciences written by Ian C Jarvie and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2011-02-17 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - what is the relationship between the social sciences and the natural sciences? - where do today′s dominant approaches to doing social science come from? - what are the main fissures and debates in contemporary social scientific thought? - how are we to make sense of seemingly contrasting approaches to how social scientists find out about the world and justify their claims to have knowledge of it? In this exciting handbook, Ian Jarvie and Jesús Zamora-Bonilla have put together a wide-ranging and authoritative overview of the main philosophical currents and traditions at work in the social sciences today. Starting with the history of social scientific thought, this handbook sets out to explore that core fundamentals of social science practice, from issues of ontology and epistemology to issues of practical method. Along the way it investigates such notions as paradigm, empiricism, postmodernism, naturalism, language, agency, power, culture, and causality. Bringing together in one volume leading authorities in the field from around the world, this book will be a must-have for any serious scholar or student of the social sciences.

Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy

Author : D. C. Phillips
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1452230897
Total Pages : 953 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy by : D. C. Phillips

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy written by D. C. Phillips and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 953 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy introduces readers to theories that have stood the test of time and those that have provided the historical foundation for the best of contemporary educational theory and practice. Drawing together a team of international scholars, this invaluable reference examines the global landscape of all the key theories and the theorists behind them and presents them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses.

The SAGE Handbook of Power

Author : Stewart R Clegg
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446206718
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Power by : Stewart R Clegg

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Power written by Stewart R Clegg and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power is arguably one of the key concepts within the social sciences. The SAGE Handbook of Power is the first touchstone for any student or researcher wishing to initiate themselves in the state of the art. Internationally acclaimed, Stewart R Clegg and Mark Haugaard have joined forces to select a collection of papers written by scholars with global reputations for excellence. These papers bridge different conceptual and theoretical positions and draw on many disciplines, including politics, sociology and cultural studies. The sweep and richness of the resulting handbook will help readers contextualise and grow their understanding of this dynamic and important subject area.

Thought Experiments

Author : Roy A. Sorensen
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019512913X
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Thought Experiments by : Roy A. Sorensen

Download or read book Thought Experiments written by Roy A. Sorensen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text analyses a variety of thought experiments, and explores what they are, how they work, and what their positive and negative aspects are. It also sets the theory within an evolutionary framework of advances in experimental psychology.

Wittgenstein's Beetle and Other Classic Thought Experiments

Author : Martin Cohen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470777257
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Wittgenstein's Beetle and Other Classic Thought Experiments by : Martin Cohen

Download or read book Wittgenstein's Beetle and Other Classic Thought Experiments written by Martin Cohen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wittgenstein’s Beetle and Other Classic Thought Experiments invites readers to participate actively in discovering the surprisingly powerful and fruitful tradition of "thought experiments." Gives a lively presentation of an "A to Z" of 26 fascinating and influential thought experiments from philosophy and science Presents vivid and often humorous discussion of the experiments, including strengths and weaknesses, historical context, and contemporary uses Provides a "how to" section for engaging in thought experiments Includes illustrations, mini-biographies, and suggestions for further reading.

A Theory of Justice

Author : John RAWLS
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674042603
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of Justice by : John RAWLS

Download or read book A Theory of Justice written by John RAWLS and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though the revised edition of A Theory of Justice, published in 1999, is the definitive statement of Rawls's view, so much of the extensive literature on Rawls's theory refers to the first edition. This reissue makes the first edition once again available for scholars and serious students of Rawls's work.