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Theta Burst Stimulation Over The Human Motor Cortex
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Book Synopsis Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex by : Lizbeth Cárdenas-Morales
Download or read book Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex written by Lizbeth Cárdenas-Morales and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used as a tool for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanisms by which it exerts its effects and the modulation that it induces in the brain are not completely understood. This book offers an overview of a novel form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation called theta-burst applied over the human motor cortex. Molecular findings in animal models as well as clinical applications are described and discussed. Furthermore, it provides evidence for the modulation of neural activity induced by theta-burst by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during human motor activity. The data suggest that the combination of theta-burst and fMRI might be useful to monitor treatment effects, which may have clinical implications.
Book Synopsis Effects of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex by : Lizbeth Karina Cárdenas-Morales
Download or read book Effects of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex written by Lizbeth Karina Cárdenas-Morales and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Does Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Primary Motor Cortex Affect Motor Function? by : Suzanne M. McAllister
Download or read book Does Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Primary Motor Cortex Affect Motor Function? written by Suzanne M. McAllister and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcranial Brain Stimulation by : Carlo Miniussi
Download or read book Transcranial Brain Stimulation written by Carlo Miniussi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-03 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), these non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been used to investigate the state of cortical excitability, and the excitability of the cortico-cortical and corticospinal pathways. In addition, these techniques have been found
Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation by : Eric Wassermann
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation written by Eric Wassermann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial stimulation comprises an important set of techniques for investigating brain function, some of which promise to treat diseases. This book provides a review of the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation, for neuroscientists, neurologists, and psychiatrists.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Short-term Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex by : Matthew Alan Gannon
Download or read book An Investigation of Short-term Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex written by Matthew Alan Gannon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) produces a transient magnetic field that activates underlying cortical tissue by eliciting an electrical discharge of the neurons in the targeted area. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) uses patterns of repetitive TMS pulses and has been reliably shown to produce changes in the state of cortical excitability outlasting the time of stimulation. One such protocol that has demonstrated states of increased excitability is intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). This method applies high-frequency bursts (50Hz) of pulses every 200 ms in trains of ten bursts. The effects of and differences between rTMS protocols have been investigated since gaining popularity in the 1990{u2019}s, however, there are still many unknowns regarding the neurophysiological changes that accompany this plasticity. Much research on these effects takes place in motor cortex due to reliable and quantifiable measures of cortical excitability observed there. Here, I sought to further investigate the effects of iTBS on inter-hemispheric changes in in motor cortex using EEG simultaneously recorded with TMS pulses. That is, I examined if iTBS conducted over right motor cortex would lead to measureable changes in excitability indices of left motor cortex. I quantified changes in right and left motor cortex excitability with measurements of TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited through blocks of single pulse TMS immediately following iTBS and 30 minutes post-iTBS. I compared the effects of the iTBS condition to those found in a control condition where a sham version of iTBS was administered. Results indicate differential modulations of cortical TEPs between hemispheres, including an initial enhancement of the P30 in right hemisphere, coinciding with sustained suppression in left hemisphere, and an enhancement of the P190 during left hemisphere stimulation.
Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : W. Richard Staines
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by W. Richard Staines and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of brain stimulation research techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has greatly advanced the understanding of the somatosensory system in humans. Over the last several years, several studies have focused on applying TMS in a variety of contexts to alter transiently the excitability of the somatosensory cortex or regions that project to it and exert some control over its activity in specific behavioral contexts. Specific foci that are discussed in this chapter are methods of repetitive TMS, including theta-burst protocols, delivered to the primary somatosensory cortex that have been shown to affect behavioral indices of somatic sensation such as tactile perception. Similar stimulation techniques can also be applied to distant areas that interact with and modulate activity in somatosensory cortex (i.e., attentional or motor networks). For example, suppression of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modifies the attention-modulation of somatosensory information in modality-specific cortices. Overall this chapter is focused on understanding the interaction of activity in systems that function with the somatosensory system in behavioral contexts. These include systems such as those that control attention, whether sustained or selective between sensory modalities, or those that control movement based on targets present in other sensory systems.
Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : Classen Joseph
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by Classen Joseph and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been used to study neuronal plasticity. Mostly, noninvasive techniques have been employed, and the bulk of studies have focused on the motor system, because its physiology is more readily accessible and physiological properties can be studied with greater detail than in other systems. In many of the protocols, general conclusions have been drawn from the motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex. Several of the phenomena induced by noninvasive brain stimulation have been mapped on to cellular physiological mechanisms such as synaptic long-term potentiation or long-term depression. Although some parallelisms are intriguing, this approach has also its limitations, and more direct verification of physiological phenomena by animal studies is needed.
Book Synopsis Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Corticocortical Pathways of the Rat Brain, in Vivo by : Melissa Danilla Barry
Download or read book Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Corticocortical Pathways of the Rat Brain, in Vivo written by Melissa Danilla Barry and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : Nasrin Shahana
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by Nasrin Shahana and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter addresses research applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in Tourette syndrome (TS). TS is a primary, idiopathic, neurological disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics of childhood onset, with duration greater than 1 year, and associated in the majority of cases with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and/or other psychiatric disorders. The majority of the chapter is a critical synopsis of case–control studies applying basic single- and paired-pulse TMS techniques to “resting” motor cortex. Newer applications of theta-burst stimulation are also analyzed. A number of intriguing findings have emerged, which may reflect abnormalities in several disrupted inhibitory or modulatory pathways that may underlie the tendency to manifest tics as well as commonly co-occurring problems such as ADHD and OCD. Chapter sections are organized by type of TMS measurement, with each section describing briefly the technique, the pitfalls of the technique with regard to the above-described challenges, the findings in TS using that technique, and the possible implications for those findings in furthering our understanding of TS. Possible future applications for TMS in studying TS are also discussed.
Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation by : Volker Dietz
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation written by Volker Dietz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology series, this textbook will provide the reader with an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of neurorehabilitation, as well as a clear idea about how (and why) to approach treatment decisions in individual patients.
Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : David H. Benninger
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by David H. Benninger and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), the emergence of symptoms refractory to conventional therapy poses therapeutic challenges. The success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PD have raised interest in noninvasive brain stimulation as an alternative therapeutic tool. The rationale for its use draws from the concept that reversing abnormalities in brain activity and physiology thought to cause the clinical deficits may restore normal functioning. Currently the best evidence in support of this concept comes from DBS, which improves motor deficits, and modulates brain activity and motor cortex physiology, although whether a causal interaction exists remains largely undetermined. Most trials of noninvasive brain stimulation in PD have applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), targeting the motor cortex. Current studies suggest a possible therapeutic potential for rTMS and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), but clinical effects so far have been small and negligible with regard to functional independence and quality of life. Approaches to potentiate the efficacy of rTMS include increasing stimulation intensity and novel stimulation parameters that derive their rationale from studies on brain physiology. These novel parameters are intended to simulate normal firing patterns or to act on the hypothesized role of oscillatory activity in the motor cortex and basal ganglia with regard to motor control and its contribution to the pathogenesis of motor disorders. Noninvasive brain stimulation studies will enhance our understanding of PD pathophysiology and might provide further evidence for potential therapeutic applications.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Occipital Cortex on Brain Biomarkers Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy by : Karlene Sara Stoby
Download or read book The Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Occipital Cortex on Brain Biomarkers Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by Karlene Sara Stoby and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a type of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), uses repeated high-frequency bursts to induce neural noise in the cortex. An intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocol is generally considered excitatory, while continuous TBS (cTBS) is generally considered inhibitory. TBS effects are highly variable and have been primarily studied in the primary motor cortex (M1). We investigated the effects of iTBS and cTBS to the primary visual cortex (V1) on occipital Glx (glutamate and glutamine composite) and GABA+ (gamma-aminobutyric acid and macromolecules composite) concentrations compared to sham stimulation. Thirty participants received a single session of individual stereotaxically-guided TBS to the V1. Participants received either cTBS, iTBS or sham TBS. GABA+ and Glx were measured at the stimulation site using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Baseline pre-TBS GABA+ and Glx levels were compared to those immediately post- and one hour post-TBS. The results show a trend for a decrease in GABA+ immediately following cTBS compared to one hour post-TBS and a trend for an increase in Glx immediately following iTBS compared to one hour-post TBS. There was also an increase in GABA+ from baseline to one hour-post TBS and a trend for an increase in GABA+ and Glx composite ratio levels following sham. Since there was a lack of systematic trends in the data, we suspect there is no relevant change from a single session of TBS to neurotransmitter levels in the V1. Perhaps, only repeated application of TBS may lead to substantial benefits. This indicates that a single session of TBS can be used safely in the laboratory without effects on neurotransmitter levels in the V1.
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by Ulf Ziemann and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Application of a single dose of a central nervous system (CNS) active drug with a defined single mode of action has been proven useful to explore and characterize the pharmacophysiological properties of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of motor cortical and corticospinal excitability in humans. With this pharmaco-TMS approach, it was demonstrated that different TMS measures reflect axon excitability (motor threshold), or inhibitory (cortical silent period, short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition, short-latency afferent inhibition) or excitatory synaptic excitability (motor evoked potential amplitude, intracortical facilitation, short-interval intracortical facilitation) of distinct neuronal elements in the CNS. Pharmaco-TMS has opened an exciting window into human cortical physiology. The array of pharmacophysiologically well defined TMS measures is now used by neurologists, psychiatrists, and clinical neurophysiologists for diagnosis or treatment monitoring in neuropsychiatric disease. This chapter reviews systematically the TMS measures of motor cortical and corticospinal excitability from the perspective of pharmacophysiological characterization. For example, it is demonstrated that blockers of voltage-gated sodium channels specifically increase motor threshold but do not alter other TMS measures of excitability, whereas positive modulators at γ-butyric acid (GABA) type A receptors, such as benzodiazepines, enhance short-interval intracortical inhibition and depress motor evoked potential amplitude but have no effect on motor threshold.
Book Synopsis Progress in Motor Control by : Dagmar Sternad
Download or read book Progress in Motor Control written by Dagmar Sternad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-25 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking book brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines to discuss the control and coordination of processes involved in perceptually guided actions. The research area of motor control has become an increasingly multidisciplinary undertaking. Understanding the acquisition and performance of voluntary movements in biological and artificial systems requires the integration of knowledge from a variety of disciplines from neurophysiology to biomechanics.
Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by Vincenzo Di Lazzaro and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By incorporating the known physiology of the spinal cord epidural activity evoked by single-pulse, paired-pulse, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with the anatomical and computational characteristics of the canonical model of the cerebral cortex circuit, and composed of layer II and III and layer V excitatory pyramidal cells, inhibitory interneurons, corticocortical and thalamocortical inputs, the characteristics and nature of the corticospinal activity evoked by TMS including its regular and rhythmic nature, the dose dependence, and pharmacological modulation of the discharge might be explained elegantly. TMS inducing strong depolarization of the superficial excitatory cells of the circuit may lead to the recruitment of fully synchronized clusters of excitatory neurons, including layer V pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs), and inhibitory neurons producing a high-frequency (~670Hz) repetitive discharge of the corticospinal axons. The role of the inhibitory circuits is crucial to entrain the firing of the excitatory networks to produce a high-frequency discharge. The integrative properties of the circuit might also provide a good framework for interpretation of the changes in corticospinal activity produced by paired and repetitive TMS. The changes can be produced presynaptically to PTN cells or at the level of these cells, depending mainly on the intensity of magnetic stimuli.
Download or read book Computational Neurostimulation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Neurostimulation, the latest volume in the Progress in Brain Research series provides an introduction to a nascent field with contributions from leading researchers. In addition, it addresses a very timely and relevant issue which has long been known to require more treatment. Part of a well-established international series that examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields Provides an introduction to a nascent field with contributions from leading researchers
