Thermal Explosion

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Critical Temperatures for the Thermal Explosion of Chemicals

Author : Takashi Kotoyori
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080461395
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Temperatures for the Thermal Explosion of Chemicals by : Takashi Kotoyori

Download or read book Critical Temperatures for the Thermal Explosion of Chemicals written by Takashi Kotoyori and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The value of the critical temperature (Tc), below which the thermal explosion of a chemical cannot occur, is indispensable to prevent such a chemical from exploding. In order to determine the Tc it has so far been necessary to measure the value in explosion experiments. Because of the inherent hazards, only few Tc values are available at present. Critical Temperatures for the Thermal Explosion of Chemicals introduces new and simple procedures to calculate the Tc. As a result Tc can be calculated for a range of chemicals, many of which are listed in this new volume. The calculated values of Tc are shown to be in agreement with experimentally determined values. The data and methods presented in Critical Temperatures for the Thermal Explosion of Chemicals will be of use to research laboratories as well as in the chemical industry. - Introduces new and simple procedures for calculating critical temperatures - Lists the T(c) values of chemicals in tables - Explains mathematical expressions in clear simple terms

Initiation and Growth of Explosion in Liquids and Solids

Author : Frank Philip Bowden
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521312332
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Initiation and Growth of Explosion in Liquids and Solids by : Frank Philip Bowden

Download or read book Initiation and Growth of Explosion in Liquids and Solids written by Frank Philip Bowden and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985-10-24 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the research of Bowden, Yoffe and their collaborators on explosive initiation. What Bowden and Yoffe showed was that explosives are ignited almost invariably by thermal processes and though other processes have been identified their work still holds.

Evolution of a Localized Thermal Explosion in a Reactive Gas

Author : T. L. Jackson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of a Localized Thermal Explosion in a Reactive Gas by : T. L. Jackson

Download or read book Evolution of a Localized Thermal Explosion in a Reactive Gas written by T. L. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental observations of ignition in premixed gaseous reactants indicate that perfectly homogeneous initiation is practically unrealizable. Instead, combustion first sets in, as a rule, at small, discrete sites where inherent inhomogeneities cause chemical activity to proceed preferentially and lead to localized explosions. Combustion waves propagating away from these hot spots or reaction centers eventually envelope the remaining bulk. This study examines the spatial structure and temporal evolution of a hot spot for a model involving Arrhenius kinetics. The hot spot, characterized by peaks in pressure and temperature with little diminution in local density, is shown to have one of two possible self-similar structures. The analysis employs a combination of asymptotics and numerics, and terminates when pressure and temperature in the explosion have peaked.

Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5

Author : Blaine Asay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540879536
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay

Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.

Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries

Author : Rolf K. Eckhoff
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 012803274X
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries by : Rolf K. Eckhoff

Download or read book Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries written by Rolf K. Eckhoff and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries, Second Edition, delivers the most current and comprehensive content for today's process engineer. Process safety and petrochemical engineers inherently accept that there is a risk of explosions when working on process facilities such as plants and refineries. Yet many that enter this field do not have a fundamental starting point to understand the nature of explosions, and there are a lot of misconceptions and impartial information in the market. Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries, Second Edition, answers this need by providing engineers and consultants a go-to reference and training guide to understand the principles of explosions, what causes them, and how to mitigate and prevent them from reoccurring. Enhanced to include new chapters on BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions), water vapor explosions, and destructive effects from accidental explosions, this guide continues to fulfill a comprehensive introduction to the subject, rounded out with new case studies, references, and a discussion on methods of hazard and risk analysis. - Eckoff, Dust Explosions in the Process Industries, 3rd Edition, 9780750676021, Jun 2003, $240.00 - Amyotte, An Introduction to Dust Explosions, 9780123970077, Jun 2013, $49.95 - Barton, Dust Explosion Prevention and Protection, 9780750675192, Mar 2002, $155.00 - Nolan, Handbook of Fire and Explosion Protection Engineering Handbook Principles, 3rd, 9780323313018, May 2014, $160.00

Handbook of Explosion Prevention and Protection

Author : Martin Hattwig
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527612475
Total Pages : 718 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Explosion Prevention and Protection by : Martin Hattwig

Download or read book Handbook of Explosion Prevention and Protection written by Martin Hattwig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new definitive reference in the field. Between them, the renowned team of editors and authors have amassed unparalleled experience at such institutes as BAM, PTB, Pittsburgh National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, BASF AG, and the University of Göttingen. In this work -- the first of its kind for 35 years -- they describe in detail those measures that prevent or limit industrial explosions and the damage so caused. They cover various preventative methods, as well as the current state of technology combined with data gained through experimentation. This handbook offers operational, planning, design and safety engineers working in industry, government agencies and professional associations in-depth knowledge of the scientific and technical basics, allowing them to apply explosion protection according to any given situation.

Dynamic Aspects of Explosion Phenomena

Author : A. L. Kuhl
Publisher : AIAA
ISBN 13 : 9781600864087
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Aspects of Explosion Phenomena by : A. L. Kuhl

Download or read book Dynamic Aspects of Explosion Phenomena written by A. L. Kuhl and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Explosion Hazards and Evaluation

Author : W.E. Baker
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444599886
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Explosion Hazards and Evaluation by : W.E. Baker

Download or read book Explosion Hazards and Evaluation written by W.E. Baker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosion Hazards and Evaluation presents the principles and applications of explosion hazards evaluation. The text is organized into nine chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss the energy release processes which generate accidental explosions, and the resulting development of pressure and shock waves in a surrounding atmosphere. The manner in which the "free-field" waves are modified in interacting with structures or other objects in their paths is discussed in Chapter 3. Structural response to blast loading and non-penetrating impact is covered in two chapters, with Chapter 4 including simplified analysis methods and Chapter 5 including numerical methods. Chapter 6 includes a rather comprehensive treatment of generation of fragments and missiles in explosions, and the flight and effects of impact of these objects. Chapter 7 considers thermal radiation of large chemical explosions. Explosions may or may not cause damage or casualty, and various damage criteria have been developed for structures, vehicles, and people. These criteria are presented in Chapter 8. General procedures for both the postmortem evaluation of accidental explosions and for design for blast and impact resistance are reviewed in Chapter 9. Engineers, scientists, and plant safety personnel will find the book very useful.

Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

Author : Frank Lees
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0123977827
Total Pages : 3685 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries by : Frank Lees

Download or read book Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries written by Frank Lees and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 3685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety in the process industries is critical for those who work with chemicals and hazardous substances or processes. The field of loss prevention is, and continues to be, of supreme importance to countless companies, municipalities and governments around the world, and Lees' is a detailed reference to defending against hazards. Recognized as the standard work for chemical and process engineering safety professionals, it provides the most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment, regulations and laws covering the field of process safety. An entire library of alternative books (and cross-referencing systems) would be needed to replace or improve upon it, but everything of importance to safety professionals, engineers and managers can be found in this all-encompassing three volume reference instead. - The process safety encyclopedia, trusted worldwide for over 30 years - Now available in print and online, to aid searchability and portability - Over 3,600 print pages cover the full scope of process safety and loss prevention, compiling theory, practice, standards, legislation, case studies and lessons learned in one resource as opposed to multiple sources

Dust Explosions in the Process Industries

Author : Rolf K. Eckhoff
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080488749
Total Pages : 745 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Dust Explosions in the Process Industries by : Rolf K. Eckhoff

Download or read book Dust Explosions in the Process Industries written by Rolf K. Eckhoff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-07-18 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unfortunately, dust explosions are common and costly in a wide array of industries such as petrochemical, food, paper and pharmaceutical. It is imperative that practical and theoretical knowledge of the origin, development, prevention and mitigation of dust explosions is imparted to the responsible safety manager. The material in this book offers an up to date evaluation of prevalent activities, testing methods, design measures and safe operating techniques. Also provided is a detailed and comprehensive critique of all the significant phases relating to the hazard and control of a dust explosion. An invaluable reference work for industry, safety consultants and students. - A completely new chapter on design of electrical equipment to be used in areas containing combustible/explosible dust - A substantially extended and re-organized final review chapter, containing nearly 400 new literature references from the years 1997-2002 - Extensive cross-referencing from the original chapters 1-7 to the corresponding sections of the expanded review chapter

FUNDAMENTALS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE

Author : Manjugouda Patil
Publisher : Shashwat Publication
ISBN 13 : 9390761859
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis FUNDAMENTALS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE by : Manjugouda Patil

Download or read book FUNDAMENTALS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE written by Manjugouda Patil and published by Shashwat Publication. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is dedicated to students at all levels of education, who are interested in the fascinating field of forensic science. The contents of this book provide the reader with information on the various fields of forensic science that may help them make a career choice or add to their present knowledge. Entry into this field offers a new and rewarding challenge to students who can apply the latest in laser and computer technology to help solve the forensic problems of today. This book is written to provide a clear and authoritative introduction to forensic science. It strives to describe and explain the principal features of forensic science as it is applied at all stages of the process, from the collection of physical evidence at the scene to the presentation of scientific findings in court.

Combustion Theory

Author : Forman A. Williams
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429973683
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Combustion Theory by : Forman A. Williams

Download or read book Combustion Theory written by Forman A. Williams and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion Theory delves deeper into the science of combustion than most other texts and gives insight into combustions from a molecular and a continuum point of view. The book presents derivations of the basic equations of combustion theory and contains appendices on the background of subjects of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, fluid dynamics, and transport processes. Diffusion flames, reactions in flows with negligible transport and the theory of pre-mixed flames are treated, as are detonation phenomena, the combustion of solid propellents, and ignition, extinction, and flamibility pehnomena.

Kinetics and Mechanism

Author : John W. Moore
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471035589
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis Kinetics and Mechanism by : John W. Moore

Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism written by John W. Moore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981-09-30 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of a classic text originally by Frost and Pearson, that describes the fundamental principles and established practices that apply to the study and the rates and mechanisms of homogeneous chemical reactions in the gas phase and in solution. Incorporates new advances made during the past 20 years in the study of individual molecular collisions by molecular-beam, laser applications to experimental kinetics, theoretical treatments of reaction rates and our understanding of the principles that govern rates of reaction in solution. Presents numerous examples of the deduction of mechanism from experiment, including intimate details such as stereochemistry and the dependence of reaction pathway on the exact energy states of reacting particles.

Simulating Thermal Explosion of Octahydrotetranitrotetrazine-based Explosives

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulating Thermal Explosion of Octahydrotetranitrotetrazine-based Explosives by :

Download or read book Simulating Thermal Explosion of Octahydrotetranitrotetrazine-based Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors compare two-dimensional model results with measurements for the thermal, chemical and mechanical behavior in a thermal explosion experiment. Confined high explosives are heated at a rate of 1 C per hour until an explosion is observed. The heating, ignition, and deflagration phases are modeled using an Arbitrarily Lagrangian-Eulerian code (ALE3D) that can handle a wide range of time scales that vary from a structural to a dynamic hydro time scale. During the pre-ignition phase, quasi-static mechanics and diffusive thermal transfer from a heat source to the HE are coupled with the finite chemical reactions that include both endothermic and exothermic processes. Once the HE ignites, a hydro dynamic calculation is performed as a burn front propagates through the HE. Two octahydrotetranitrotetrazine (HMX)-based explosives, LX-04 and LX-10, are considered, whose chemical-thermal-mechanical models are constructed based on measurements of thermal and mechanical properties along with small scale thermal explosion measurements. The present HMX modeling work shows very first violence calculations with thermal predictions associated with a confined thermal explosion test. The simulated dynamic response of HE confinement during the explosive phase is compared to measurements in larger scale thermal explosion tests. The explosion temperatures for both HE's are predicted to within 1 C. Calculated and measured wall strains provide an indication of vessel pressurization during the heating phase and violence during the explosive phase.

Lasers for Medical Applications

Author : Helena Jelínková
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857097547
Total Pages : 827 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Lasers for Medical Applications by : Helena Jelínková

Download or read book Lasers for Medical Applications written by Helena Jelínková and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lasers have a wide and growing range of applications in medicine. Lasers for Medical Applications summarises the wealth of recent research on the principles, technologies and application of lasers in diagnostics, therapy and surgery.Part one gives an overview of the use of lasers in medicine, key principles of lasers and radiation interactions with tissue. To understand the wide diversity and therefore the large possible choice of these devices for a specific diagnosis or treatment, the respective types of the laser (solid state, gas, dye, and semiconductor) are reviewed in part two. Part three describes diagnostic laser methods, for example optical coherence tomography, spectroscopy, optical biopsy, and time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy. Those methods help doctors to refine the scope of involvement of the particular body part or, for example, to specify the extent of a tumor. Part four concentrates on the therapeutic applications of laser radiation in particular branches of medicine, including ophthalmology, dermatology, cardiology, urology, gynecology, otorhinolaryngology (ORL), neurology, dentistry, orthopaedic surgery and cancer therapy, as well as laser coatings of implants. The final chapter includes the safety precautions with which the staff working with laser instruments must be familiar.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, this important book summarizes international achievements in the field of laser applications in medicine in the past 50 years. It provides a valuable contribution to laser medicine by outstanding experts in medicine and engineering. - Describes the interaction of laser light with tissue - Reviews every type of laser used in medicine: solid state, gas, dye and semiconductor - Describes the use of lasers for diagnostics

Combustion for Material Synthesis

Author : Alexander S. Rogachev
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482239515
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Combustion for Material Synthesis by : Alexander S. Rogachev

Download or read book Combustion for Material Synthesis written by Alexander S. Rogachev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposes a Powerful Material-Making Tool Dedicated to the physical, chemical, and structural transformations that take place during combustion synthesis (CS) of advanced materials, Combustion for Material Synthesis analyzes the nature of solid flame phenomenon and provides readers with undisputed proof that ‘fire’ is a powerful tool used in making materials. Of interest to specialists in the field of materials engineering, this book explores the physical and chemical principles of synthesis of materials in the self-sustained combustion mode. It describes mechanisms for a variety of solid–solid and gas–solid reactions and examines structure and properties of different materials produced by CS. The authors discuss a wide range of topics, including phenomenology, theory, experimental methods and observations, as well as properties of the product synthesized and approaches for large-scale materials production using the combustion synthesis technique. They examine conventional concepts and present recent breakthroughs in the field of materials synthesis by rapid self-sustained reactions that include fabrication of different nanomaterials. They compare CS with other methods, factoring in different types of combustion processes, including processes that can occur in a vacuum, inert gas, or oxygen-free atmosphere. Covering research on topics that have been around for a while, but not widely circulated, this work: Outlines in detail both fundamental aspects of CS, including modern theoretical approaches and advanced in situ experimental methods Examines the advantages and disadvantages, achievements, and challenges remained in heterogeneous combustion used for material synthesis Explores the emergence of a new fundamental direction in material science, i.e., structural macrokinetics Details new technologies that are based on fundamental scientific discoveries and innovative scientific ideas Analyzes structure and properties of variety of CS materials, including nanomaterials Authored by world-recognized specialists in the field of combustion synthesis for advanced materials, Combustion for Material Synthesis presents the state of the art in R&D in the field of CS, focusing on the fabrication of novel materials. It is intended for researchers, engineers, and graduate students from different disciplines and is also suggested as recommended reading for materials science courses.

Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice to NFPA 921 and 1033

Author : International Association of Fire Chiefs
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN 13 : 1284140741
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice to NFPA 921 and 1033 by : International Association of Fire Chiefs

Download or read book Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice to NFPA 921 and 1033 written by International Association of Fire Chiefs and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice to NFPA 921 and 1033, Fifth Edition is the premier resource for current and future Fire Investigators. Written by talented professional fire investigators from the International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI), this text covers the entire span of the 2017 Edition of NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations and addresses all of the job performance requirements in the 2014 Edition of NFPA 1033, Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator. This text is the benchmark for conducting safe and systematic investigations.