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Therapy For Ocular Angiogenesis
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Book Synopsis Therapy for Ocular Angiogenesis by : Arup Das
Download or read book Therapy for Ocular Angiogenesis written by Arup Das and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular angiogenesis, or the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, is the cause of major neovascular eye diseases. With the new era of anti-angiogenic therapies, ophthalmologists have started treating many ocular diseases including macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular occlusion using anti-angiogenic drugs. This book covers the basic pathophysiology of ocular angiogenesis and strategies for inhibition. The authors discuss the "Principles" of anti-angiogenic therapy, pre-clinical studies, future drugs on the horizon, drug delivery, and the "Practice" of the therapy in many ocular diseases. The book also includes chapters on diabetic macular edema, and various therapeutic options for this condition. A companion website includes the fully searchable text and an image bank.
Book Synopsis Ocular Angiogenesis by : Joyce Tombran-Tink
Download or read book Ocular Angiogenesis written by Joyce Tombran-Tink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading academic and pharmaceutical researchers and clinicians from many disciplines synthesize and summarize current clinical and basic knowledge concerning abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, the cause of major neovascular eye diseases. The authors also identify and assess the most promising approaches with potential for commercial exploitation and discuss the challenges encountered in developing therapeutics for ocular neovascular diseases. Highlights include illuminating chapters on gene therapy and novel drug delivery systems and excellent summaries of the newest therapeutic approaches.
Book Synopsis Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis by : John Penn
Download or read book Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis written by John Penn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-19 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, in-depth review of our current understanding of the growth of blood vessels within the eye. Novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ocular angiogenesis are discussed, as are the unique challenges presented by delivery of drugs to the eye. The book emphasizes basic principles rather than specific experimental results, although recently acquired data is frequently cited to illustrate points of broader theoretical significance.
Book Synopsis Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Ophthalmology by : Andreas Stahl
Download or read book Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Ophthalmology written by Andreas Stahl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise overview over the pathology of retinal angiogenic diseases and explains why anti-angiogenic therapy is effective in so many patients. The reader is guided through the various clinical indications for anti-angiogenic therapy and made aware of its merits as well as current challenges and limitations. It is explained how, since its introduction for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration in 2006, anti-angiogenic therapy has revolutionized the way in which we treat a range of ocular diseases. All of the authors are established experts in their respective fields who share their extensive knowledge and clinical experience with the reader. This book is both a valuable introduction to anti-angiogenic therapy in ophthalmology and a day-to-day companion for all ophthalmologists seeing patients with some of the most prevalent retinal diseases.
Book Synopsis Gene Therapy for Ocular Angiogenesis by :
Download or read book Gene Therapy for Ocular Angiogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea by : Anthony Mukwaya
Download or read book Regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea written by Anthony Mukwaya and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation and angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, are involved in tumor growth, ocular diseases and wound healing. In ocular angiogenesis, new pathological vessels grow into a specific eye tissue, leak fluid, and disrupt vision. The development of safe and effective therapies for ocular angiogenesis is of great importance for preventing blindness, given that current treatments have limited efficacy or are associated with undesirable side effects. The search for alternative treatment targets requires a deeper understanding of inflammation and how it can lead to angiogenesis in the eye in pathologic situations. This thesis provides new insights into the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis, particularly at the gene expression and phenotypic levels, in different situations characterized by angiogenesis of the cornea, often called corneal neovascularization. For instance, specific genes and pathways are either endogenously activated or suppressed during active inflammation, wound healing, and during resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis, serving as potential targets to modulate the inflammatory and angiogenic response. In addition, as part of the healing response to restore corneal transparency, inflammation and angiogenesis subside with time in the cornea. In this context, LXR/RXR signaling was found to be activated in a time-dependent manner, to potentially regulate resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis. During regression of new angiogenic capillaries, ghost vessels and empty basement membrane sleeves are formed, which can persist in the cornea for a long time. Here, ghost vessels were found to facilitate subsequent revascularization of the cornea, while empty basement membrane sleeves did not revascularize. The revascularization response observed here was characterised by vasodilation, increased inflammatory cell infiltration and by sprouting at the front of the reperfused vessels. Importantly, reactive oxygen species and nitrous oxide signaling among other pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, and at the same time anti-inflammatory LXR/RXR signaling was inhibited. The interplay between activation and inhibition of these pathways highlights potential mechanisms that regulate corneal revascularization. When treating corneal neovascularization clinically, corticosteroids are in widespread use due to their effectiveness. To minimize the many undesirable side effects associated with corticosteroid use, however, identifying new and more selective agents is of great importance. Here, it was observed that corticosteroids not only suppressed pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, but also activated the classical complement pathway. Classical complement may represent a candidate for further selective therapeutic manipulation to investigate its effect on treatment of corneal neovascularization. In summary, this thesis identifies genes, pathways, and phenotypic responses involved in sprouting and remodeling of corneal capillaries, highlights novel pathways and factors that may regulate inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea, and provides insights into regulation of capillary regression and reactivation. Further investigation of these regulatory mechanisms may offer alternative and effective treatment targets for the treatment of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis.
Author :M. Battaglia Parodi Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805595301 Total Pages :155 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Anti-VEGF written by M. Battaglia Parodi and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of therapy with anti-angiogenics or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) has marked the beginning of a new era in neovascularization and macular edema treatment. Its main goals are the inhibition of growth and development of new vessels along with the reduction of vascular permeability. The advantages over conventional laser photocoagulation are evident as laser treatment always leaves scars and causes a retinal sensitivity deterioration.Starting with an outline of treatment principles, this volume covers all aspects of anti-VEGF therapy for ophthalmological disorders. In particular, specific chapters are dedicated to age-related macular degeneration, degenerative myopia, angioid streaks, inflammatory diseases, hereditary dystrophies, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, ocular tumors, as well as anterior segment neovascularization.The book gives an update on the application of anti-VEGF in ocular diseases to general ophthalmologists as well as retina specialists.
Book Synopsis Periocular gene therapy for ocular angiogenesis by : Anna-Maria Demetriades
Download or read book Periocular gene therapy for ocular angiogenesis written by Anna-Maria Demetriades and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Pierfrancesco Mirabelli Publisher :Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN 13 :9176850641 Total Pages :91 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (768 download)
Book Synopsis Inhibitors of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis by : Pierfrancesco Mirabelli
Download or read book Inhibitors of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis written by Pierfrancesco Mirabelli and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathologic angiogenesis is involved in cancer and several blinding conditions such as wet age-related macular degeneration, proliferative retinopathies and corneal neovascularization. In these dieseases, the angiogenic triggers are hypoxia and inflammation, and both involve the main angiogenic mediator, which is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Among available treatments, anti-VEGF often shows limited or temporary efficacy, while steroids are potentially responsible for many side-effects. This thesis presents a series of linked studies aimed at elucidating the early pathologic changes leading to inflammation and corneal neovascularization, and how various treatments affect this process. In this thesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic treatments are applied in corneal neovascularization models, to identify VEGF-independent pathways and other novel factors as future therapy targets, as well as to investigate the endogenous modulation of angiogenesis. A model of experimental neovascularization in the rat cornea was used as main model, where the neovascular response is triggered by a surgical suture placed into the cornea. Investigational treatments (anti-Vegf, dexamethasone, IMD0354, Gap27, or control substances) were then given topically, with the exception of IMD0354, which was given systemically. The effects in the cornea were studied in vivo with slit lamp photography to assess and quantify macroscopic vessel growth and using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to study cell infiltration and limbal vessel dilation and detect microscopic vessel sprouts; these examinations were performed longitudinally. Genomic analysis with RNA microarray, selected gene expression with q-RT-PCR, and selected protein expression in tissue (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot) were performed at different time-points. Moreover, other experiments on cell cultures (HUVEC and HCEC), organ cultures (human corneas), ex vivo models (aortic rings) and in vivo studies (zebrafish vasculogenesis) were performed. Dexamethasone suppressed limbal vasodilation and corneal neovascularization more than anti-Vegf, despite no difference in inflammatory cell infiltration into the cornea. Five-hundred eleven fewer genes were differentially expressed in dexamethasone-treated corneas relative to naïve corneas, compared to anti-Vegf. Among them, several major pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines were suppressed only by dexamethasone and represent novel candidate factors to target in order to improve anti-VEGF treatment. On the other hand, selective inhibition of a single inflammatory pathway (NF-?B), despite showing similar early effects as dexamethasone in suppressing tissue inflammation, was not effective enough to suppress new vessel growth. The same factors suppressed by dexamethasone are also inhibited in endogenous modulation of angiogenesis. Surprisingly, dexamethasone activated several complement factors, which could possibly be beneficial in the anti-angiogenic response. In a different therapeutic approach, promoting cell migration to accelerate epithelial wound closure similarly was not sufficient to avoid inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea. In conclusion, new and more effective treatments are needed for corneal inflammation and neovascularization with fewer side-effects. In this thesis, several novel factors and mechanisms related to inflammation are identified, factors that are not addressed by anti-Vegf therapy, and therefore represent interesting objects for further study, as they have the potential to be targets for adjuvant therapy. Specific anti-inflammatory treatment as well as therapeutic activation of endogenous regulatory pathways, and potentially complement modulation, might represent new strategies to improve anti-angiogenic therapy, but when used alone they do not seem to avoid corneal neovascularization.
Book Synopsis The Role of COX-2 in Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis by : Susan Elizabeth Yanni
Download or read book The Role of COX-2 in Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis written by Susan Elizabeth Yanni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocular Therapeutics by : Thomas Yorio
Download or read book Ocular Therapeutics written by Thomas Yorio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular Therapeutics: Eye on New Discovery focuses on emerging areas in ocular research, from new approaches to dry eye to gene therapy in the management of retinal diseases. This comprehensive book features more than 25 chapters of information that will be vital for ocular investigators and ophthalmologists bringing them new information on promising therapeutics. It is the intent of this book to provide not only information on current approaches to treatment, but also in giving the reader a greater understanding as to what may become available for treating a number of important eye diseases. Each chapter features some new aspect of treatment that holds great promise for the future. The approach has been to concentrate on those areas of ocular diseases that are more prevalent. It also features new insight for drug delivery and for managing devasting diseases, such as macula edema and glaucoma, two of the leading causes of blindness in the United States. This book will serve as an important resource as it contains a number of relevant references highlighted for their importance to the field. New investigators will be able to obtain an historical perspective for each of the topics and to develop an understanding of the new research directions that are underway. Ocular Therapeutics: Eye on New Discovery is more than a reference book, as it also provides an important glimpse into the near future.* Contains information that is vital for ocular investigators and ophthalmologists bringing them new information on promising therapeutics.* Provides not only information on current approaches to treatment, but also gives the reader a greater understanding as to what may become available for treating a number of important eye diseases.* Historical perspective for each of the topics as well as an important glimpse into the near future to develop an understanding of the new research directions underway.* New insight for drug delivery and for managing devastating diseases, such as macula edema and glaucoma, two of the leading causes of blindness in the United States
Book Synopsis Pharmacologic Therapy of Ocular Disease by : Scott M. Whitcup
Download or read book Pharmacologic Therapy of Ocular Disease written by Scott M. Whitcup and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been major advancements in the pharmacologic treatment of eye diseases over the past decade. With newly discovered disease targets and novel approaches to deliver therapeutic compounds to the eye, patients are seeing improved outcomes. Not only are there better treatments for diseases where treatments existed, we now have effective therapy for previously untreatable and blinding eye disorders. This volume will cover the pharmacologic treatment of eye diseases from the front of the eye including eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea all the way back to the retina and optic nerve. The first section of the volume reviews general principles of ocular pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical sciences, and drug delivery. In addition, the volume provides an up to date guide to the pharmacologic approach to the key eye diseases that threaten sight or ocular function.
Book Synopsis The Control of Alternative Splicing in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Effect on Ocular Angiogenesis by : James G. Carter
Download or read book The Control of Alternative Splicing in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Effect on Ocular Angiogenesis written by James G. Carter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pathological growth of blood vessels within the eye is a major source of blindness for the developed world. The growth of new vessels, angiogenesis, is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As such, many of the current therapies for the treatment of angiogenic eye disease are focused on the therapeutic effects of blocking the activity of this protein. However VEGF can be alternatively spliced at the terminal exon to create two functionally distinctive isoform families (the VEGFxxx and VEGFxxxb isoforms). These two groups of VEGF isoforms have disparate activities; VEGFxxxb isoforms actively inhibit VEGFxxx mediated endothelial cell growth making them potent anti-angiogenic molecules. Yet despite this, the mechanisms by which the splicing of VEGF is changed between pro- and anti-angiogenic isoforms is poorly understood. This thesis examines the role of VEGF isoform expression in the eye, and how this can be altered in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). From this study, a novel method for the identification of VEGFxxx isoforms was developed and used to show how the balance of VEGF isoforms in the eye exists in a state highly susceptible to angiogenesis. The role of genetic variation was also assessed, both in response to anti-VEGF therapy in patients, and how splice factor variants can influence the risk of developing both PDR and exudative age-related macular degeneration (exAM D). The latter half of this thesis explores the role of different splice factors, and their ability to manipulate VEGF splicing. In particular, the role of ASFjSF2 and SRPKl and their importance in the expression of VEGF isoforms is demonstrated, with the caveat that the function of these splicing components may be cell specific. Finally, this thesis shows a novel association of three other components of the spliceosome (FBP21, CPSF6, SF3B4) with alterations in VEGF splicing, and developed a theoretical model for their actions in relation to VEGF isoform selection. It is the author's hope that this body of work has contributed to a wider understanding of the mechanisms of VEGF terminal splice site selection, and how this control of splicing may be influential in both the prognosis and treatment of angiogenic eye disease.
Book Synopsis Endogenous Inhibitors of Angiogenesis, TSP1 and PEDF, as Potential Targets for Treatment of Exudative AMD by : Mitra Farnoodian
Download or read book Endogenous Inhibitors of Angiogenesis, TSP1 and PEDF, as Potential Targets for Treatment of Exudative AMD written by Mitra Farnoodian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major causes of visual impairment in the elderly population worldwide. The increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as an essential factor in development and progression of AMD, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Intravitreal injection of VEGF antagonists is effective in delaying CNV and pathological progression of the disease. However, safety concerns are emerging regarding long term blockade of VEGF, and loss of ocular integrity due to multiple intravitreal injections and systemic complications. Thus, safe and effective new treatments are needed. Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) are major endogenous inhibitors of ocular angiogenesis which are deficient in vascular retinopathies including human AMD. Small peptides derived from their active fragments are potently anti-angiogenic in models of ocular diseases and tumors. Our preliminary results indicated that these peptides attenuate CNV in pre-clinical models of exudative AMD. Although the pathogenesis of AMD has been associated with retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) impairment and choroidal vascular dysfunction, the detailed mechanisms remain unresolved. Choroidal endothelial cells (ChEC) have a crucial role in maintaining the health of outer retina and photoreceptor function. RPE cells also play a key role in the development and stabilization of retinal structure, and maintenance of the ocular vascular hemostasis. They assist in the maintenance of the ocular angiogenic balance by production of positive and negative regulatory factors including VEGF, TSP1, and PEDF. The altered production of PEDF and TSP1, as endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis and inflammation, has been linked to pathogenesis of AMD and CNV. The molecular pathways affected by ChEC and RPE cells impairment leading to clinically relevant AMD changes need further investigation. These studies are hampered by the lack of availability of methods to readily culture ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice retina. In the present study, using our unique method for routine culturing of ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice, I examined, for the first time, the cell autonomous impact of PEDF and TSP1 on ChEC and RPE cell function. I proposed a novel approach to investigate the potential effect of TSP1 and PEDF expression on ChEC and RPE cell function and their contribution in AMD pathologies. In addition, I used small peptides mimicking the action of these endogenous inhibitors, TPS1 and PEDF, to investigate if they utilize similar mechanisms of action as the whole molecules on ChEC and RPE function. Replacing this inhibitory function should provide beneficial effects for ocular neovascular disease including AMD where the natural inhibitors level is low or absent. The results of these studies showed that the expression of PEDF and/ or TSP1 by ChEC and RPE cells has a crucial role not only in modulation of ocular vascular homeostasis but also have significant influence on their cellular function and their alteration may contribute to pathogenesis of AMD. Furthermore, PEDF and TSP1 mimetic peptides could be potential therapeutics for treatment of AMD.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Antibodies by : Yuti Chernajovsky
Download or read book Therapeutic Antibodies written by Yuti Chernajovsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential work, edited by two researchers at London’s famous Queen Mary’s medical school targets one of the most important areas in medical development today. These days, antibody therapeutics are the treatment of choice for several autoimmune and oncological conditions. They are, indeed, becoming the molecules of choice for further combination therapies and cell engineering. In this timely work, a slew of expert in the field of drug development summarize all the current developments and clinical successes.
Book Synopsis Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis and Macular Edema in Diabetes by : Bali Jatinder
Download or read book Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis and Macular Edema in Diabetes written by Bali Jatinder and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation, hypoxia, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and chemical mediators play a critical role in pathological angiogenesis, macular oedema and fibrosis in diabetes. Laser photocoagulation is still the currently approved gold standard for treatment of clinically significant macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy with strong evidence from large, multicentric, randomized controlled trials. Emerging treatments focus on pharmacologic interventions alone or in combination for improving prognosis. The body of evidence for pharmacologic interventions is growing and becoming convincing. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, head to head comparisons between anti VEGF, corticosteroid and laser therapy alone and in combination are still required for dispassionate scientific analysis. Our understanding of the mediators is increasing and novel intervention strategies may be introduced by proteomics. Combined intervention strategies may become the gold standard in near future. This book presents the current evidence and emerging paradigms in pathological ocular angiogenesis and macular oedema in diabetes. An exciting and enlightening book altogether.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Vascular Diseases by : Mark Slevin
Download or read book Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Vascular Diseases written by Mark Slevin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-11 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels and is a key process which occurs during pathological disease progression. Excessive and damaging angiogenesis occurs in diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathies, age-related macular degeneration and atherosclerosis. In other diseases such as stroke and myocardial infarction, insufficient or improper angiogenesis results in tissue loss and ultimately higher morbidity and mortality. In this book we will begin by providing the reader with an overview of the process of angiogenesis including normal embryological development of blood vessels. The following chapters will each focus on a key angiogenic disease incorporating current scientific knowledge concerning the causes of activation of the “angiogenic switch”, pathological consequences, current treatment options and future perspectives. Where appropriate, results from pre-clinical trials, novel imaging modalities and nanotechnological approaches will be incorporated into these sections. Finally, since it is now believed that the process of angiogenesis operated via different signalling mechanisms in different vascular beds, we will discuss our current understanding of this phenomenon. The target audience for this book would include researchers in all the basic sciences; post-graduate students at Universities and Institutes; pharmaceutical industries; clinicians working in vascular biology or tissue imaging; pathologists; neurologists; tumour biologists; ophthalmologists and cardiologists.
