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Theory Of Environmental Agreement And Taxes
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Book Synopsis The Theory of Environmental Agreements and Taxes by : Martin Enevoldsen
Download or read book The Theory of Environmental Agreements and Taxes written by Martin Enevoldsen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Martin Enevoldsen's book is a pioneering work that compares the impacts of various non-regulatory environmental strategies in achieving measurable pollution reductions. Much has been written on the theoretical virtues and drawbacks of green taxation versus the adoption of voluntary agreements when it comes to effective implementation of environmental goals. In convincing detail, this book makes the case for the effectiveness of environmental taxation, its barriers being primarily political in nature rather than economic. Green taxes are highly controversial even in the most environmentally conscious nations, particularly when they are regarded as a purely fiscal instrument. The successful Danish CO2 taxation on industry, which this study proves to be much more effective than the Dutch system of voluntary agreements or the Austrian laissez-faire policies, relied not only on the inducement of the CO2 tax itself; all of the tax revenue was ploughed back into industry as subsidies for investments in advanced energy saving technologies. Martin Enevoldsen's book is simply a "must" for political scientists, environmental economists and environment policymakers.' - Svend Auken, M.P. and former Danish Minister for Environment and Energy Although there is a huge demand for accurate analysis of environmental policy outcomes in both the academic and policy-making communities, there is currently very little theoretical research on this issue. This ambitious book redresses the balance by constructing a new theoretical framework at the crossroads between economics and political science to account for the effectiveness of environmental governance. Drawing on insights from new institutional economics, environmental economics, collective action theory and social capital theory, the author analyses how policy outcomes are influenced by institutional factors that constrain and empower the target groups of environmental regulation.
Book Synopsis Theory of Environmental Agreement and Taxes by : Martin Korch Enevoldsen
Download or read book Theory of Environmental Agreement and Taxes written by Martin Korch Enevoldsen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theory of Environmental Agreement and Taxes by : Martin Korch Enevoldsen
Download or read book Theory of Environmental Agreement and Taxes written by Martin Korch Enevoldsen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Taxation Law by : John Snape
Download or read book Environmental Taxation Law written by John Snape and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theoretical arguments for environmental taxes and other types of economic instruments for environmental protection have been discussed extensively in the literature. Rather less well discussed has been the extremely complex form that such instruments have in fact taken in practice. Environmental Taxation Law: Policy, Contexts and Practice examines the legal implications of introducing environmental taxes and other economic instruments into the regulatory framework of UK law. In doing so, it analyzes and explains the difficulties of grafting environmental taxes onto the complexities of existing regulatory structures, not all of which, of course, were originally devised with environmental considerations in mind. Although the focus of the book is the UK's pioneering implementation of a web of distinct yet interrelated policy measures, it locates the UK's taxes and instruments not simply in their broader context of market and environmental regulation, but also in the contexts of European and international law.
Book Synopsis Environmental Tax Reform by : Mr.Dirk Heine
Download or read book Environmental Tax Reform written by Mr.Dirk Heine and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-07-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper recommends a system of upstream taxes on fossil fuels, combined with refunds for downstream emissions capture, to reduce carbon and local pollution emissions. Motor fuel taxes should also account for congestion and other externalities associated with vehicle use, at least until mileage-based taxes are widely introduced. An examination of existing energy/environmental tax systems in Germany, Sweden, Turkey, and Vietnam suggests that there is substantial scope for policy reform. This includes harmonizing taxes for pollution content across different fuels and end-users, better aligning tax rates with values for externalities, and scaling back taxes on vehicle ownership and electricity use that are redundant (on environmental grounds) in the presence of more targeted taxes.
Book Synopsis Tax Policy and the Environment by : Mr.David C. L. Nellor
Download or read book Tax Policy and the Environment written by Mr.David C. L. Nellor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a framework for examining environment taxes. It reviews the theoretical efficiency of three types of environment taxes: taxes on emissions or Pigouvian taxes; taxes on productive inputs or consumer goods whose use is related to environmental damage; and environment-related provisions in other taxes. A survey of environment taxes in 42 countries--drawn from developing countries, economies in transition, and industrial countries--illustrates that the use of environment taxes differs dramatically from the recommendations of environment tax theory. This divergence between the theory and practice of environment taxes can be attributed to several factors; environment taxes are difficult to implement, there are many factors that impede their effectiveness, and their introduction may be discouraged by their implications for other policy objectives.
Book Synopsis International Environmental Taxation in the Absence of Sovereignty by : Mr.Bernard P. Herber
Download or read book International Environmental Taxation in the Absence of Sovereignty written by Mr.Bernard P. Herber and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-12-01 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional public finance theory may be applied to the internalization of international environmental externalities. The policy constraint imposed by the absence of sovereign international government may be partially overcome through international environmental agreements. Instruments such as cost sharing, found in existing agreements, are generally unsophisticated. Two proposals entailing improved instruments are considered: (a) an international carbon tax, and (b) a global commons trust fund financed by earmarked excise taxes or charges. Political realities appear to preclude the early adoption of sophisticated international environmental taxes, but modest improvements in the design and implementation of existing instruments may be feasible.
Book Synopsis Environmental Taxation and Green Fiscal Reform by : Larry Kreiser
Download or read book Environmental Taxation and Green Fiscal Reform written by Larry Kreiser and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book combines perspectives from leading environmental taxation scholars on both the theory and impact of different policies. It covers topics such as theoretical assumptions of environmental taxes; the relationship between environmental taxes and t
Book Synopsis Environmental Taxes by : Kalle Määttä
Download or read book Environmental Taxes written by Kalle Määttä and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental taxes differ from each other according to the functions they serve and the manner in which they are implemented. This study highlights the appropriateness of different kinds of environmental taxes against a rigorous framework of theory and case study evidence. The purpose of this book is to analyse the way in which environmental taxes are categorized and which factors affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the different kinds of environmental taxes in practice. This pragmatic approach is emphasized along with the multiplicity of regulatory problems such as: At what level should the environmental tax rate be set? What is the proper time schedule for introducing an environmental tax? What are the most appropriate taxable characteristics and how should they be determined? What activities should be exempt from environmental taxation? How can tax relief be implemented? These are only some of the regulatory problems explored in this study, which also encompasses an examination of the theory of regulation. The author argues that economists have often paid too little attention to the administrative and legal issues concerning the implementation of legislation, such as environmental tax laws, which are of course vital to the success of any potential policy. Lawyers too have in turn neglected the theory of regulation, which would assist in analyising problems in a future-oriented way. Environmental taxes will therefore be of great interest to a wide audience of environmental economists, law and economics scholars as well as policymakers.--Back cover.
Book Synopsis Economics of the Environment by : Horst Siebert
Download or read book Economics of the Environment written by Horst Siebert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book interprets nature and the environment as a scarce resource, offering a study of the allocation problem and outlining alternative policy approaches to the environmental problem. The author incorporates several economic approaches, including neoclassical analysis, the public goods approach and optimization theory. The sixth edition includes new sections on ethical aspects of environmental evaluation, pollution and endogenous growth, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, international emission trading and biodiversity.
Book Synopsis Taxation for Environmental Protection by : Sanford E. Gaines
Download or read book Taxation for Environmental Protection written by Sanford E. Gaines and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1991-11-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the work of scholars from England, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States to examine the ways in which industrialized nations have used and are developing tax laws to help alleviate environmental problems. For each country, the contributors offer a thorough review of existing and proposed initiatives and an in-depth evaluation of their effectiveness. They also discuss the theoretical framework behind environmental tax initiatives, explain alternative systems to taxation, reveal problems in dealing with environmental concerns that are common to all of the countries studied, and suggest ways to more efficiently coordinate tax and environmental policies. Based on their research, the contributors conclude that the general tax systems of the United States and other countries unintentionally conflict with environmental policies and that no country has yet been able to adequately control automobile pollution, although some have had varying degrees of success in other areas. The volume begins with an introduction that presents a nontechnical discussion of the current economic thinking on environmental taxes and alternatives such as direct government regulation and granting polluters limited or tradable rights to pollute. The following chapters discuss each country in turn. Each chapter first examines the institutional framework of the country--central versus regional government, how legislation is enacted and executed, the distribution of authority over environmental matters, and important environmental policy goals. Next, the compatability of the tax system with environmental goals is analyzed. Finally, there is a thorough treatment of that country's environmental tax initiatives, including an in-depth assessment of their relative success or failure. Policymakers, lobbyists, economists, and attorneys will find Taxation for Environmental Protection enlightening reading.
Book Synopsis Environmental Taxation and the Law by : Janet E. Milne
Download or read book Environmental Taxation and the Law written by Janet E. Milne and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics shapes environmental pricing theory, but the law translates theory into reality. This two-volume collection brings together carefully selected classic and cutting edge articles from around the world that delve into the legal design features of environmental tax instruments, how governments define the legal authority to use environmental taxation, the legal conundrums of border tax adjustments under WTO law and the place of environmental taxation among other environmental regimes. Influential articles cover a wide range of environmental and legal issues that recur across continents, with carbon taxes and climate change taking centre stage as important case studies. Together with an original introduction by the editor, this timely compilation is an essential resource for those working in the field, whether they are trained in law, economics, political science, environmental science or public finance.
Book Synopsis Environmental Taxes and Charges and EC Fiscal Harmonisation by : Ernst Mohr
Download or read book Environmental Taxes and Charges and EC Fiscal Harmonisation written by Ernst Mohr and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Command and control instruments (e.g. standards, permits and licenses) have not been very successful in reducing environmental problems in the past. They should be replaced by market-oriented instruments, such as a system of environmental taxes and charges. Such a system would provide incentives to reduce the demand for polluting activities or to substitute other goods for pollution-intensive commodities. Further, it would provide incentives to continually apply the most advanced abatement technology available. With international or global environmental problems on the upsurge, there is an increasing role for environmental policy coordination at the Community level. Coordination of environmental policy should in general stop short of a harmonisation of environmental tax and charge rates, as differential tax and charge rates can very frequently be made compatible with the needs of the completed Internal Market 1992. In the absence of transboundary spillovers, environmental policy can be completely decentralised if polluting activities can be charged without using integrated control devices. If integrated control devices are unavoidable, only the tax or charge base needs to be harmonised. Tax and charge rates should be fixed by national authorities. Furthermore, if there are no transboundary spillovers and if goods are taxed at the consumption level, only norms for the declaration of polluting components should be set at the Community level. If goods are taxed at the production level, an integrated market requires the harmonisation of tax bases and tax rates at the cost of major environmental distortions. If there are international environmental spillovers and if side payments between countries are not feasible, merely international diffusion norms should be set at the Community level. If spillovers are global (e.g. in the case of the ozone hole and climate change), tax or charge bases as well as rates should be harmonised at the Community level.
Book Synopsis Tax Policy and the Environment by : Ronald McMorran
Download or read book Tax Policy and the Environment written by Ronald McMorran and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a framework for examining environment taxes. It reviews the theoretical efficiency of three types of environment taxes: taxes on emissions or Pigouvian taxes; taxes on productive inputs or consumer goods whose use is related to environmental damage; and environment-related provisions in other taxes. A survey of environment taxes in 42 countries--drawn from developing countries, economies in transition, and industrial countries--illustrates that the use of environment taxes differs dramatically from the recommendations of environment tax theory. This divergence between the theory and practice of environment taxes can be attributed to several factors; environment taxes are difficult to implement, there are many factors that impede their effectiveness, and their introduction may be discouraged by their implications for other policy objectives.
Download or read book Green Taxes written by Runar Brännlund and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the possibility that ecological tax reform in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden could achieve a greener environment, increase tax revenues, and lower levels of unemployment. The analysis encompasses theoretical and empirical levels, looking at the social costs of such taxes, the impacts of a Swedish carbon tax as seen in a static numerical model, and taxes on nitrogen and fertilizer. Finds that the level of unemployment cannot be reduced by revenue-neutral environmental taxes without any social costs, and more broadly, that there are no easy ways to achieve full employment, a budget surplus, and environmental sustainability. However, suggests that further research may open possibilities. The eight studies are from a September 1995 workshop in Stockholm. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Voluntary Environmental Agreements by : Patrick ten Brink
Download or read book Voluntary Environmental Agreements written by Patrick ten Brink and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Voluntary environmental agreements (VEAs) – generally agreements between government and business – have been regarded by many as a key new instrument for meeting environmental objectives in a flexible manner. Their performance to date has, however, also led to considerable criticism, with several parties arguing that they are methods for avoiding real action that goes beyond "business-as-usual". Is either of these positions justified? The aim of this book is to highlight and learn the lessons from existing experience, looking not just at results but also at specific elements of agreements and also at the process of the agreement itself. Lessons are drawn from experience from across the world, covering the full range of environmental challenges, and from the perspective of key stakeholder groups. Importantly, the book also presents tools for assessing and improving existing agreements and includes recommendations and guidelines for future agreements in key areas such as climate change. It also deals at length with the problem of how such agreements might be used in developing and transitional economies. The overall view of the book is that there is a real potential for the future use of VEAs as part of the policy mix and as a tool for sharing the responsibility for meeting environmental objectives. For the agreements to play this role, however, significant steps are needed to ensure that they are effective, efficient, equitable and appropriately linked to a portfolio of other instruments. The book is divided into four sections. First, existing agreements, their development and efficacy are considered; second, the prospects for voluntary agreements in developing and transitional economies are discussed; third, a range of authors examine the role of VEAs as part of the policy mix to combat climate change; and, finally, the book concludes with an examination of how new tools for evaluating and improving VEAs could be utilized in the future. Voluntary Environmental Agreements will be of interest not only to academics, governments and businesses wishing to understand this specific instrument, but also to those already implementing or considering applying VEAs to meet their environmental objectives.
Book Synopsis Taxes and Tradable Permits as Instruments for Controlling Pollution Theory and Practice by : John Norregaard
Download or read book Taxes and Tradable Permits as Instruments for Controlling Pollution Theory and Practice written by John Norregaard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the relative merits of two dominant economic instruments for reducing pollution-'green' taxes and tradable permits. Theoretically, the two instruments share many similarities, and on balance, neither seems preferable to the other. In practice, however, most countries have relied more on taxes than on permits to control pollution. The analysis suggests a number of lessons to be learned from country experiences regarding the design and implementation of both instruments. While many, particularly European countries, currently have long-term programs involving environmental taxes, a willingness to experiment with tradable permits seems to be growing, especially given the Kyoto protocol emission targets.
