Theoretical Aspects of Spatial-Temporal Modeling

Download Theoretical Aspects of Spatial-Temporal Modeling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431553363
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Theoretical Aspects of Spatial-Temporal Modeling by : Gareth William Peters

Download or read book Theoretical Aspects of Spatial-Temporal Modeling written by Gareth William Peters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-24 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a modern introductory tutorial on specialized theoretical aspects of spatial and temporal modeling. The areas covered involve a range of topics which reflect the diversity of this domain of research across a number of quantitative disciplines. For instance, the first chapter provides up-to-date coverage of particle association measures that underpin the theoretical properties of recently developed random set methods in space and time otherwise known as the class of probability hypothesis density framework (PHD filters). The second chapter gives an overview of recent advances in Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian filtering in high-dimensional spaces. In particular, the chapter explains how one may extend classical sequential Monte Carlo methods for filtering and static inference problems to high dimensions and big-data applications. The third chapter presents an overview of generalized families of processes that extend the class of Gaussian process models to heavy-tailed families known as alpha-stable processes. In particular, it covers aspects of characterization via the spectral measure of heavy-tailed distributions and then provides an overview of their applications in wireless communications channel modeling. The final chapter concludes with an overview of analysis for probabilistic spatial percolation methods that are relevant in the modeling of graphical networks and connectivity applications in sensor networks, which also incorporate stochastic geometry features.

Bayesian Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Data with R

Download Bayesian Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Data with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000543692
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bayesian Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Data with R by : Sujit Sahu

Download or read book Bayesian Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Data with R written by Sujit Sahu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied sciences, both physical and social, such as atmospheric, biological, climate, demographic, economic, ecological, environmental, oceanic and political, routinely gather large volumes of spatial and spatio-temporal data in order to make wide ranging inference and prediction. Ideally such inferential tasks should be approached through modelling, which aids in estimation of uncertainties in all conclusions drawn from such data. Unified Bayesian modelling, implemented through user friendly software packages, provides a crucial key to unlocking the full power of these methods for solving challenging practical problems. Key features of the book: • Accessible detailed discussion of a majority of all aspects of Bayesian methods and computations with worked examples, numerical illustrations and exercises • A spatial statistics jargon buster chapter that enables the reader to build up a vocabulary without getting clouded in modeling and technicalities • Computation and modeling illustrations are provided with the help of the dedicated R package bmstdr, allowing the reader to use well-known packages and platforms, such as rstan, INLA, spBayes, spTimer, spTDyn, CARBayes, CARBayesST, etc • Included are R code notes detailing the algorithms used to produce all the tables and figures, with data and code available via an online supplement • Two dedicated chapters discuss practical examples of spatio-temporal modeling of point referenced and areal unit data • Throughout, the emphasis has been on validating models by splitting data into test and training sets following on the philosophy of machine learning and data science This book is designed to make spatio-temporal modeling and analysis accessible and understandable to a wide audience of students and researchers, from mathematicians and statisticians to practitioners in the applied sciences. It presents most of the modeling with the help of R commands written in a purposefully developed R package to facilitate spatio-temporal modeling. It does not compromise on rigour, as it presents the underlying theories of Bayesian inference and computation in standalone chapters, which would be appeal those interested in the theoretical details. By avoiding hard core mathematics and calculus, this book aims to be a bridge that removes the statistical knowledge gap from among the applied scientists.

Spatio-Temporal Statistics with R

Download Spatio-Temporal Statistics with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429649789
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spatio-Temporal Statistics with R by : Christopher K. Wikle

Download or read book Spatio-Temporal Statistics with R written by Christopher K. Wikle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is becoming increasingly complex, with larger quantities of data available to be analyzed. It so happens that much of these "big data" that are available are spatio-temporal in nature, meaning that they can be indexed by their spatial locations and time stamps. Spatio-Temporal Statistics with R provides an accessible introduction to statistical analysis of spatio-temporal data, with hands-on applications of the statistical methods using R Labs found at the end of each chapter. The book: Gives a step-by-step approach to analyzing spatio-temporal data, starting with visualization, then statistical modelling, with an emphasis on hierarchical statistical models and basis function expansions, and finishing with model evaluation Provides a gradual entry to the methodological aspects of spatio-temporal statistics Provides broad coverage of using R as well as "R Tips" throughout. Features detailed examples and applications in end-of-chapter Labs Features "Technical Notes" throughout to provide additional technical detail where relevant Supplemented by a website featuring the associated R package, data, reviews, errata, a discussion forum, and more The book fills a void in the literature and available software, providing a bridge for students and researchers alike who wish to learn the basics of spatio-temporal statistics. It is written in an informal style and functions as a down-to-earth introduction to the subject. Any reader familiar with calculus-based probability and statistics, and who is comfortable with basic matrix-algebra representations of statistical models, would find this book easy to follow. The goal is to give as many people as possible the tools and confidence to analyze spatio-temporal data.

Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Geostatistical Modeling and Kriging

Download Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Geostatistical Modeling and Kriging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118762436
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Geostatistical Modeling and Kriging by : José-María Montero

Download or read book Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Geostatistical Modeling and Kriging written by José-María Montero and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Methods for Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Data Analysis provides a complete range of spatio-temporal covariance functions and discusses ways of constructing them. This book is a unified approach to modeling spatial and spatio-temporal data together with significant developments in statistical methodology with applications in R. This book includes: Methods for selecting valid covariance functions from the empirical counterparts that overcome the existing limitations of the traditional methods. The most innovative developments in the different steps of the kriging process. An up-to-date account of strategies for dealing with data evolving in space and time. An accompanying website featuring R code and examples

Spatial and Spatio-temporal Bayesian Models with R - INLA

Download Spatial and Spatio-temporal Bayesian Models with R - INLA PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118326555
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spatial and Spatio-temporal Bayesian Models with R - INLA by : Marta Blangiardo

Download or read book Spatial and Spatio-temporal Bayesian Models with R - INLA written by Marta Blangiardo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Bayesian Models with R-INLA provides a much needed, practically oriented & innovative presentation of the combination of Bayesian methodology and spatial statistics. The authors combine an introduction to Bayesian theory and methodology with a focus on the spatial and spatio-temporal models used within the Bayesian framework and a series of practical examples which allow the reader to link the statistical theory presented to real data problems. The numerous examples from the fields of epidemiology, biostatistics and social science all are coded in the R package R-INLA, which has proven to be a valid alternative to the commonly used Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations

Spatio-Temporal Methods in Environmental Epidemiology

Download Spatio-Temporal Methods in Environmental Epidemiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482237040
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spatio-Temporal Methods in Environmental Epidemiology by : Gavin Shaddick

Download or read book Spatio-Temporal Methods in Environmental Epidemiology written by Gavin Shaddick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaches Students How to Perform Spatio-Temporal Analyses within Epidemiological StudiesSpatio-Temporal Methods in Environmental Epidemiology is the first book of its kind to specifically address the interface between environmental epidemiology and spatio-temporal modeling. In response to the growing need for collaboration between statisticians and

Regression Modelling wih Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data

Download Regression Modelling wih Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429529104
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Regression Modelling wih Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data by : Robert P. Haining

Download or read book Regression Modelling wih Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data written by Robert P. Haining and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modelling Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data: A Bayesian Approach is aimed at statisticians and quantitative social, economic and public health students and researchers who work with spatial and spatial-temporal data. It assumes a grounding in statistical theory up to the standard linear regression model. The book compares both hierarchical and spatial econometric modelling, providing both a reference and a teaching text with exercises in each chapter. The book provides a fully Bayesian, self-contained, treatment of the underlying statistical theory, with chapters dedicated to substantive applications. The book includes WinBUGS code and R code and all datasets are available online. Part I covers fundamental issues arising when modelling spatial and spatial-temporal data. Part II focuses on modelling cross-sectional spatial data and begins by describing exploratory methods that help guide the modelling process. There are then two theoretical chapters on Bayesian models and a chapter of applications. Two chapters follow on spatial econometric modelling, one describing different models, the other substantive applications. Part III discusses modelling spatial-temporal data, first introducing models for time series data. Exploratory methods for detecting different types of space-time interaction are presented followed by two chapters on the theory of space-time separable (without space-time interaction) and inseparable (with space-time interaction) models. An applications chapter includes: the evaluation of a policy intervention; analysing the temporal dynamics of crime hotspots; chronic disease surveillance; and testing for evidence of spatial spillovers in the spread of an infectious disease. A final chapter suggests some future directions and challenges.

Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data

Download Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119243041
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data by : Noel Cressie

Download or read book Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data written by Noel Cressie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2013 DeGroot Prize. A state-of-the-art presentation of spatio-temporal processes, bridging classic ideas with modern hierarchical statistical modeling concepts and the latest computational methods Noel Cressie and Christopher K. Wikle, are also winners of the 2011 PROSE Award in the Mathematics category, for the book “Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data” (2011), published by John Wiley and Sons. (The PROSE awards, for Professional and Scholarly Excellence, are given by the Association of American Publishers, the national trade association of the US book publishing industry.) Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data has now been reprinted with small corrections to the text and the bibliography. The overall content and pagination of the new printing remains the same; the difference comes in the form of corrections to typographical errors, editing of incomplete and missing references, and some updated spatio-temporal interpretations. From understanding environmental processes and climate trends to developing new technologies for mapping public-health data and the spread of invasive-species, there is a high demand for statistical analyses of data that take spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal information into account. Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data presents a systematic approach to key quantitative techniques that incorporate the latest advances in statistical computing as well as hierarchical, particularly Bayesian, statistical modeling, with an emphasis on dynamical spatio-temporal models. Cressie and Wikle supply a unique presentation that incorporates ideas from the areas of time series and spatial statistics as well as stochastic processes. Beginning with separate treatments of temporal data and spatial data, the book combines these concepts to discuss spatio-temporal statistical methods for understanding complex processes. Topics of coverage include: Exploratory methods for spatio-temporal data, including visualization, spectral analysis, empirical orthogonal function analysis, and LISAs Spatio-temporal covariance functions, spatio-temporal kriging, and time series of spatial processes Development of hierarchical dynamical spatio-temporal models (DSTMs), with discussion of linear and nonlinear DSTMs and computational algorithms for their implementation Quantifying and exploring spatio-temporal variability in scientific applications, including case studies based on real-world environmental data Throughout the book, interesting applications demonstrate the relevance of the presented concepts. Vivid, full-color graphics emphasize the visual nature of the topic, and a related FTP site contains supplementary material. Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data is an excellent book for a graduate-level course on spatio-temporal statistics. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of applied mathematics, engineering, and the environmental and health sciences.

Modern Methodology and Applications in Spatial-Temporal Modeling

Download Modern Methodology and Applications in Spatial-Temporal Modeling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431553398
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Methodology and Applications in Spatial-Temporal Modeling by : Gareth William Peters

Download or read book Modern Methodology and Applications in Spatial-Temporal Modeling written by Gareth William Peters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-08 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​ This book provides a modern introductory tutorial on specialized methodological and applied aspects of spatial and temporal modeling. The areas covered involve a range of topics which reflect the diversity of this domain of research across a number of quantitative disciplines. For instance, the first chapter deals with non-parametric Bayesian inference via a recently developed framework known as kernel mean embedding which has had a significant influence in machine learning disciplines. The second chapter takes up non-parametric statistical methods for spatial field reconstruction and exceedance probability estimation based on Gaussian process-based models in the context of wireless sensor network data. The third chapter presents signal-processing methods applied to acoustic mood analysis based on music signal analysis. The fourth chapter covers models that are applicable to time series modeling in the domain of speech and language processing. This includes aspects of factor analysis, independent component analysis in an unsupervised learning setting. The chapter moves on to include more advanced topics on generalized latent variable topic models based on hierarchical Dirichlet processes which recently have been developed in non-parametric Bayesian literature. The final chapter discusses aspects of dependence modeling, primarily focusing on the role of extreme tail-dependence modeling, copulas, and their role in wireless communications system models.

Applying Graph Theory in Ecological Research

Download Applying Graph Theory in Ecological Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110708931X
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applying Graph Theory in Ecological Research by : Mark R.T. Dale

Download or read book Applying Graph Theory in Ecological Research written by Mark R.T. Dale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book clearly describes the many applications of graph theory to ecological questions, providing instruction and encouragement to researchers.

Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data

Download Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 020348780X
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data by : Sudipto Banerjee

Download or read book Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data written by Sudipto Banerjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-17 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the many uses of hierarchical modeling, their application to the statistical analysis of spatial and spatio-temporal data from areas such as epidemiology And environmental science has proven particularly fruitful. Yet to date, the few books that address the subject have been either too narrowly focused on specific aspects of spatial analysis,

Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio-Temporal Applications

Download Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio-Temporal Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354030326X
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio-Temporal Applications by : Christine Parent

Download or read book Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio-Temporal Applications written by Christine Parent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.

Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems

Download Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420011057
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems by : Barbel Finkenstadt

Download or read book Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems written by Barbel Finkenstadt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-10-20 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems presents current statistical research issues on spatio-temporal data modeling and will promote advances in research and a greater understanding between the mechanistic and the statistical modeling communities. Contributed by leading researchers in the field, each self-contained chapter starts w

Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space

Download Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540559665
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space by : Andrew U. Frank

Download or read book Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space written by Andrew U. Frank and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-09-09 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the papers presented at the first international conference dedicated to spatial and temporal reasoning in geographic space, entitled "GIS: from space to territory - theories and methods of spatio-temporal reasoning". Within the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA, one of the supporters of the conference) the importance of spatial and temporal reasoning was recognized several years ago. Initial research found that spatial reasoning in geographic or large-scale space is different from spatial reasoning in small-scale space, as usually dealt with in robotics and expertsystems. Temporal reasoning has attracted interest in the artificial intelligence community. The volume also includes two invited papers: "Do people understand spatial concepts: the case of first-order primtives" by R.G. Golledge, and "Temporal databases" by R.T. Snodgrass.

Theoretical Aspects of Computing - ICTAC 2006

Download Theoretical Aspects of Computing - ICTAC 2006 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540488154
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Theoretical Aspects of Computing - ICTAC 2006 by : Kamel Barkaoui

Download or read book Theoretical Aspects of Computing - ICTAC 2006 written by Kamel Barkaoui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing, ICTAC 2006 held in Tunis, Tunisia in November 2006. The 21 revised full papers presented together with three invited talks and summaries of two tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 78 submissions.

Advanced Spatial Modeling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Using R and INLA

Download Advanced Spatial Modeling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Using R and INLA PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429629850
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Spatial Modeling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Using R and INLA by : Elias T. Krainski

Download or read book Advanced Spatial Modeling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Using R and INLA written by Elias T. Krainski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling spatial and spatio-temporal continuous processes is an important and challenging problem in spatial statistics. Advanced Spatial Modeling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Using R and INLA describes in detail the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) approach for modeling continuous spatial processes with a Matérn covariance, which has been implemented using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) in the R-INLA package. Key concepts about modeling spatial processes and the SPDE approach are explained with examples using simulated data and real applications. This book has been authored by leading experts in spatial statistics, including the main developers of the INLA and SPDE methodologies and the R-INLA package. It also includes a wide range of applications: * Spatial and spatio-temporal models for continuous outcomes * Analysis of spatial and spatio-temporal point patterns * Coregionalization spatial and spatio-temporal models * Measurement error spatial models * Modeling preferential sampling * Spatial and spatio-temporal models with physical barriers * Survival analysis with spatial effects * Dynamic space-time regression * Spatial and spatio-temporal models for extremes * Hurdle models with spatial effects * Penalized Complexity priors for spatial models All the examples in the book are fully reproducible. Further information about this book, as well as the R code and datasets used, is available from the book website at http://www.r-inla.org/spde-book. The tools described in this book will be useful to researchers in many fields such as biostatistics, spatial statistics, environmental sciences, epidemiology, ecology and others. Graduate and Ph.D. students will also find this book and associated files a valuable resource to learn INLA and the SPDE approach for spatial modeling.

Theory of Spatial Statistics

Download Theory of Spatial Statistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429627033
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Theory of Spatial Statistics by : M.N.M. van Lieshout

Download or read book Theory of Spatial Statistics written by M.N.M. van Lieshout and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of Spatial Statistics: A Concise Introduction presents the most important models used in spatial statistics, including random fields and point processes, from a rigorous mathematical point of view and shows how to carry out statistical inference. It contains full proofs, real-life examples and theoretical exercises. Solutions to the latter are available in an appendix. Assuming maturity in probability and statistics, these concise lecture notes are self-contained and cover enough material for a semester course. They may also serve as a reference book for researchers. Features * Presents the mathematical foundations of spatial statistics. * Contains worked examples from mining, disease mapping, forestry, soil and environmental science, and criminology. * Gives pointers to the literature to facilitate further study. * Provides example code in R to encourage the student to experiment. * Offers exercises and their solutions to test and deepen understanding. The book is suitable for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students in mathematics and statistics.