The Yuezhi

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The Yuezhi

Author : Craig Benjamin
Publisher : Brepols Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Yuezhi by : Craig Benjamin

Download or read book The Yuezhi written by Craig Benjamin and published by Brepols Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed narrative history of the dynasty and confederation of the Yuezhi, whose migration from western China to the northern border of present-day Afghanistan resulted ultimately in the creation of the Kushan Empire. Although the Yuezhi have long been recognised as the probable ancestors of the Kushans, they have generally only been considered as a prelude to the principal subject of Kushan history, rather than as a significant and influential people in their own right. The evidence seemed limited and ambiguous, but is actually surprisingly extensive and detailed and certainly sufficient to compile a comprehensive chronological political history of the Yuezhi during the first millennium BCE. The book analyses textual, numismatic and archaeological evidence in an attempt to explain the probable origin of the Yuezhi, their relationship with several Chinese dynasties, their eventual military defeat and expulsion from the Gansu by the Xiongnu, their migration through the Ili Valley, Ferghana and Sogdia to northern Bactria, and their role in the conquest of the former Greco-Bactria state. All of these events were bound up with broader cultural and political developments in ancient Central Asia and show the extraordinary interconnectedness of the Eurasian historical processes. The domino-effect of the migration of the Yuezhi led to significant changes in the broader Eurasian polity.

Media, Market, and Democracy in China

Author : Yuezhi Zhao
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252066788
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (667 download)

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Book Synopsis Media, Market, and Democracy in China by : Yuezhi Zhao

Download or read book Media, Market, and Democracy in China written by Yuezhi Zhao and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Media, Market, and Democracy in China is an astonishingly close look at the intertwining nature of the Communist Party and the news media in China, how they affect each other, and what the future might hold for each. How do market forces influence the media in China? How does the Party both introduce and try to contain the market's influence? How do commercial imperatives both accommodate and challenge Party control? To answer these and other questions, Yuezhi Zhao interviewed a wide range of scholars, media administrators, and media professionals. During five months in China in 1994 and 1995, she monitored media content, carried out extensive documentary research in Beijing, and held off-the-record meetings with Chinese media insiders. The first study of its kind to trace the Chinese print and broadcast media from the 1920s to 1996, this work will be must reading for students of journalism, mass communications, political science, and China studies, as well as for media and business professionals and policy makers who need to understand what's happening to China and its mass media.

Communication in China

Author : Yuezhi Zhao
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742519664
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Communication in China by : Yuezhi Zhao

Download or read book Communication in China written by Yuezhi Zhao and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative study explores China's rapidly evolving polity, economy, and society through the prism of its communication system. Yuezhi Zhao offers a multifaceted, interdisciplinary analysis of communication in China and its central role in the struggle for control during the country's rise to global power. The industry in all its forms--ranging from the news media to entertainment outlets to the Internet--has been a critical battleground among different social forces in this period of wrenching change. The author explores alterations in the structure and content of Chinese communication in light of the rapid evolution of state-society relations to reveal the profoundly contradictory, conflicted, and uncertain nature of China's ongoing transformation.

The Sinitic Civilization Book II

Author : Hong Yuan
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 1532058306
Total Pages : 852 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sinitic Civilization Book II by : Hong Yuan

Download or read book The Sinitic Civilization Book II written by Hong Yuan and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sinitic Civilization A Factual History through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals The book covered the time span of history of the Sinitic civilization from antiquity, to the 3rd millennium B.C. to A.D. 85. A comprehensive review of history related to the Sinitic cosmological, astronomical, astrological, historical, divinatory, and geographical developments was given. All ancient Chinese calendars had been examined, with the ancient thearchs' dates examined from the perspective how they were forged or made up. The book provides the indisputable evidence regarding the fingerprint of the forger for the 3rd century A.D. book Shang-shu (remotely ancient history), and close to 50 fingerprints of the forger of the contemporary version of The Bamboo Annals. Using the watershed line of Qin Emperor Shihuangdi's book burning of 213 B.C., the book rectified what was the original history before the book burning, filtered out what was forged after the book burning, sorted out the sophistry and fables that were rampant just prior to the book burning, and validated the history against the records in the oracle bones, bronzeware, and bamboo slips. The book covers 95-98% and more of the contents in the two ancient history annals of The Spring Autumn Annals and The Bamboo Annals. There are dedicated chapters devoted to interpreting Qu Yuan's poem Asking Heaven (Tian Wen), the mythical book The Legends of Mountains & Seas (Shan Hai Jing), geography book Lord Yu's Tributes (Yu Gong), and Zhou King Muwang's Travelogue (Mu-tian-zi Zhuan). The book has appendices of two calendars: the first anterior quarter remainder calendar (247 B.C.-104 B.C./247 B.C.-85 A.D.) of the Qin Empire, as well as a conversion table of the sexagenary years of the virtual Yin-li (Shang dynasty) quarter remainder calendar versus the Gregorian calendar, that covers the years 2698 B.C. to 2018 A.D. Book I stops about the midpoint of the 242 years covered in Confucius' abridged book The Spring & Autumn Annals (722-481 B.C.). Book II stops at Han Emperor Zhangdi (Liu Da, reign A.D. 76-88; actual reign Aug of A.D. 75-Feb of A.D. 88), with the A.D. 85 adoption of the Sifen-li posterior quarter remainder calendar premised on reverting to the sexagenary years of the virtual Yin-li (Shang dynasty) quarter remainder calendar, a calendar disconnected from the Jupiter's chronogram, that was purportedly invented by the Confucians on basis of Confucius' identifying the 'qi-lin' divine giraffe animal and wrapping up the masterpiece The Spring & Autumn Annals two years prior to death.

A CONCISE COMMENTARY ON MONOGRAPHS ON THE WESTERN REGIONS IN THE OFFICIAL HISTORY BOOKS OF THE WESTERN & EASTERN HAN, WEI, JIN, SOUTHERN & NORTHERN DYNASTIES

Download A CONCISE COMMENTARY ON MONOGRAPHS ON THE WESTERN REGIONS IN THE OFFICIAL HISTORY BOOKS OF THE WESTERN & EASTERN HAN, WEI, JIN, SOUTHERN & NORTHERN DYNASTIES PDF Online Free

Author : 余太山著
Publisher : BEIJING BOOK CO. INC.
ISBN 13 : 7100193656
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis A CONCISE COMMENTARY ON MONOGRAPHS ON THE WESTERN REGIONS IN THE OFFICIAL HISTORY BOOKS OF THE WESTERN & EASTERN HAN, WEI, JIN, SOUTHERN & NORTHERN DYNASTIES by : 余太山著

Download or read book A CONCISE COMMENTARY ON MONOGRAPHS ON THE WESTERN REGIONS IN THE OFFICIAL HISTORY BOOKS OF THE WESTERN & EASTERN HAN, WEI, JIN, SOUTHERN & NORTHERN DYNASTIES written by 余太山著 and published by BEIJING BOOK CO. INC.. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A CONCISE COMMENTARY ON MONOGRAPHS ON THE WESTERN REGIONS IN THE OFFICIAL HISTORY BOOKS OF THE WESTERN & EASTERN HAN, WEI, JIN, SOUTHERN & NORTHERN DYNASTIES是同作者《两汉魏晋南北朝正史西域传要注》一书的英文版，是作者为两汉魏晋南北朝正史西域传有关西域的记载提供的一个系统的注解。作者长期研究西域史和古代中外关系史、塞种、贵霜、嚈哒以及两汉魏晋南北朝与西域关系史，在此基础上，作者就各篇西域传所见西域文化、宗教、习俗、制度，以及人种、语言、文字作了分门别类的研究，结集而成《两汉魏晋南北朝正史西域传研究》，再依据研究的结论，撰写了《两汉魏晋南北朝正史西域传要注》一书，为两汉魏晋南北朝正史西域传有关西域的记载提供的一个系统的注解。

General History Of China's Foreign Trade, A (Volume 1)

Author : Yuqin Sun
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811256446
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis General History Of China's Foreign Trade, A (Volume 1) by : Yuqin Sun

Download or read book General History Of China's Foreign Trade, A (Volume 1) written by Yuqin Sun and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2024-02-08 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China boasts a long history of foreign trade. As early as the pre-Qin period, residents of the country began to ship silk and other merchandise on outbound voyages. From the 2nd century BCE on, China has been connected to the rest of the world via the Overland Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road initiated in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.Trade relations between China and other regions in the world have been developing gradually and continuously. Trade has contributed to deepening economic and cultural exchanges between China and other countries. While benefiting the whole of humankind, Chinese civilization has also absorbed the achievements of other civilizations, allowing China and other countries to experience mutual benefits and advance together.This is the first volume in a series of books retelling the arduous development of China's foreign trade. It covers ancient times, recording China's foreign trade from the pre-Qin period to the early period of the Qing Dynasty.

The Oxford World History of Empire

Author : Peter Fibiger Bang
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0197532764
Total Pages : 1353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford World History of Empire by : Peter Fibiger Bang

Download or read book The Oxford World History of Empire written by Peter Fibiger Bang and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 1353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first world history of empire, reaching from the third millennium BCE to the present. By combining synthetic surveys, thematic comparative essays, and numerous chapters on specific empires, its two volumes provide unparalleled coverage of imperialism throughout history and across continents, from Asia to Europe and from Africa to the Americas. Only a few decades ago empire was believed to be a thing of the past; now it is clear that it has been and remains one of the most enduring forms of political organization and power. We cannot understand the dynamics and resilience of empire without moving decisively beyond the study of individual cases or particular periods, such as the relatively short age of European colonialism. The history of empire, as these volumes amply demonstrate, needs to be drawn on the much broader canvas of global history. Volume Two: The History of Empires tracks the protean history of political domination from the very beginnings of state formation in the Bronze Age up to the present. Case studies deal with the full range of the historical experience of empire, from the realms of the Achaemenids and Asoka to the empires of Mali and Songhay, and from ancient Rome and China to the Mughals, American settler colonialism, and the Soviet Union. Forty-five chapters detailing the history of individual empires are tied together by a set of global synthesizing surveys that structure the world history of empire into eight chronological phases.

A STUDY OF THE SAK? HISTORY

Author : 余太山著
Publisher : BEIJING BOOK CO. INC.
ISBN 13 : 7100186862
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis A STUDY OF THE SAK? HISTORY by : 余太山著

Download or read book A STUDY OF THE SAK? HISTORY written by 余太山著 and published by BEIJING BOOK CO. INC.. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A STUDY OF THE SAK? HISTORY是同作者《塞种史研究》一书的英文版。《塞种史研究》曾于1992年由中国社会科学出版社出版；商务印书馆2012年再版。该部在国外的具体发表信息如下：“A Study of Sakā History”, Sino-Platonic Papers Number 80, July, 1998, Department of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 2 + 2 + 225 pp。塞种是亚洲上古史最重要的游牧部落之一，主要活跃于公元前6世纪至公元前2世纪。本书作为我国第一部关于塞种史的专著，主要贡献在于首先清楚地勾勒出了塞种历史的基本轮廓，对塞种各组成部分的名称、起源、种族、语言及迁徙过程等提出了一个自成系统的假说。

The Silk Road

Author : Valerie Hansen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190218428
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Silk Road by : Valerie Hansen

Download or read book The Silk Road written by Valerie Hansen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Silk Road is as iconic in world history as the Colossus of Rhodes or the Suez Canal. But what was it, exactly? It conjures up a hazy image of a caravan of camels laden with silk on a dusty desert track, reaching from China to Rome. The reality was different--and far more interesting--as revealed in this new history. In The Silk Road, Valerie Hansen describes the remarkable archeological finds that revolutionize our understanding of these trade routes. For centuries, key records remained hidden--sometimes deliberately buried by bureaucrats for safe keeping. But the sands of the Taklamakan Desert have revealed fascinating material, sometimes preserved by illiterate locals who recycled official documents to make insoles for shoes or garments for the dead. Hansen explores seven oases along the road, from Xi'an to Samarkand, where merchants, envoys, pilgrims, and travelers mixed in cosmopolitan communities, tolerant of religions from Buddhism to Zoroastrianism. There was no single, continuous road, but a chain of markets that traded between east and west. China and the Roman Empire had very little direct trade. China's main partners were the peoples of modern-day Iran, whose tombs in China reveal much about their Zoroastrian beliefs. Silk was not the most important good on the road; paper, invented in China before Julius Caesar was born, had a bigger impact in Europe, while metals, spices, and glass were just as important as silk. Perhaps most significant of all was the road's transmission of ideas, technologies, and artistic motifs. The Silk Road is a fascinating story of archeological discovery, cultural transmission, and the intricate chains across Central Asia and China.

The Dancing Girl

Author : Balaji Sadasivan
Publisher : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
ISBN 13 : 9814311677
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dancing Girl by : Balaji Sadasivan

Download or read book The Dancing Girl written by Balaji Sadasivan and published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. This book was released on 2011 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides valuable insight on the history of India from ancient times to 1600 CE for Indians and non-Indians, and for the Indian Diaspora, which is estimated to be over 25 million, spreading across no less than 110 countries. The chapters cover many important aspects of history, from the ancient urban culture of the Indus Valley Civilization; Vedic Age's lasting legacy, Hinduism associated with the two great epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata; and the founding of Buddhism and Jainism; to the Muslim conquests and the resultant Indo-Islamic and Mughal heritage. Indian influence travelled beyond its shores to Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Japan. The Angkor Wat, Borobudur and Prambanan temples reflect the cultural impact of the early Indian Diaspora. The famous Chinese monk Xuanzang who journeyed to Nalanda to study at that great University wrote extensively about India. This book will kindle interest in research on tracing the origins of the Indian Diaspora and the ancient ties that linked India to the rest of the world.

At Home in Many Worlds

Author : Raoul David Findeisen
Publisher : Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
ISBN 13 : 9783447061353
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis At Home in Many Worlds by : Raoul David Findeisen

Download or read book At Home in Many Worlds written by Raoul David Findeisen and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 2009 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is dedicated to one of the founding figures of Israeli Chinese studies, Professor Irene Eber of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. It assembles more than two dozen essays by colleagues from all over the world that reflect not only the wide range of her scholarly interests, but above all the fields of research which would not have been established without her and where her contributions will remain. Accordingly, the section "Philosophy in China and Intellectual History" discusses the thorny and complex process of 'organizing the heritage', from the earliest constructed traditions in Han times around the beginning of our era, up to the debates on modernization in present-day China. After an excursion in "Chinese Literature", much space is devoted to "Translating the Bible in China", a topic on which her numerous studies have proved seminal and that deals with Chinese perceptions. As its complement, perceptions of China in systematic and historical perspective are at the core of the section devoted to "Jewish Life and Letters in the World". The contributions share their approach of paying particular attention to the translation processes strictly speaking and to the hermeneutical process of understanding across time and space more generally. A comprehensive list of publications by Irene Eber concludes the volume.

On the Cusp of an Era

Author : Doris Srinivasan
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004154515
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Cusp of an Era by : Doris Srinivasan

Download or read book On the Cusp of an Era written by Doris Srinivasan and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asian religious art became codified during the Ku a Period (ca. beginning of the 2nd to the mid 3rd century). Yet, to date, neither the chronology nor nature of Ku a Art, marked by great diversity, is well understood. The Ku a Empire was huge, stretching from Uzbekistan through northern India, and its multicultural artistic expressions became the fountainhead for much of South Asian Art. The premise of this book is that Ku a Art achieves greater clarity through analyses of the arts and cultures of the Pre- Ku a World, those lands becoming the Empire. Fourteen papers in this book by leading experts on regional topography and connective pathways; interregional, multicultural comparisons; art historical, archaeological, epigraphic, numismatic and textual studies represent the first coordinated effort having this focus.

The Narrow Door and the Great Vehicle

Author : François-Marie Périer
Publisher : BoD - Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 2958388190
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (583 download)

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Book Synopsis The Narrow Door and the Great Vehicle by : François-Marie Périer

Download or read book The Narrow Door and the Great Vehicle written by François-Marie Périer and published by BoD - Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-09-20 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An independent research opens a revolutionary perspective in the history of religions and sheds new light on the still unexplained emergence of the buddhist Great Vehicle in the 1st century CE, demonstrating the influence of the early Christians, in the strongly hellenized area of the Kushan Empire (China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, Northern India), heir of Alexander's conquests on the Silk Road, where Greek and Aramaïc were the two main languages currently spoken and written. Two millenia ago, the simultaneous spread of Christianity in the West and the Middle East, and Mahayana Buddhism in the East redrew the World map, but could it be only coincidence? Why did new sutras emphasizing compassion, devotion, voidness, sacrifice and universal salvation emerge in the first decades of our era in the Buddhism of the Origins? Why did, at the same time as Greek-Buddhist art, a 'Western triad' of buddhas appear in Gandhara, composed by a buddha of infinite light, Amitabha, a white bodhisattva of compassion, Avalokiteshvara, the Tibetan Chenrezig, emanated out of Infinite Compassion by the later, and a third one, bringer of power and inspiration, Mahasthamaprapta? Did Zoroastrism and Mithraism played a role in this spiritual revolution and why are some Gnostic texts of Nag-Hammadi so close to the Mahayanist cosmogonies, notions and terms? Furthermore, the sudden and abundant literature and iconography of the Great Vehicle, saw in the same years the appearance of a messianic buddha, Maitreya, of a feminine and salvific figure, embodiment of Wisdom, the Prajnaparamita, that would become Târâ, and of the Western Paradise of the Pure Land, making them very close. In this new turning of the wheel of Dharma, the bodhisattva renouncing Nirvana and sacrifying himelf to free the whole of Humanity kind became the ultimate value. Here are some of the interrogations, among many others, raised by this research and answered in a way never done before.

Religions of Early India

Author : Richard H. Davis
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691199264
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Religions of Early India by : Richard H. Davis

Download or read book Religions of Early India written by Richard H. Davis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-11-26 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extraordinary multiplicity of religions and religious cultures in India, chronicled over two thousand years From its earliest recorded history, India was a place of remarkable and varied religious activity, ranging from elaborate sacrificial rituals and rigorous regimes of personal austerity to psycho-spiritual experimentation and utopian visions. In this ambitious and wide-ranging chronicle, Richard Davis offers a history of India’s myriad religious cultures that spans two thousand years, from 1300 BCE to 700 CE. India, Davis writes, was not only the birthplace of the religions we now know as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It was also the home of other, often unnamed religions that can be classified as “folk” or “popular” religions. Tracing these intertwined practices, Davis shows that the ardent and heterogeneous religious cultures of early India came to define and redefine themselves in relation to one another. Davis recounts this history through voices—voices recorded in hymns, poems, songs, didactic stories, epic narratives, scientific treatises, and theological discourses, as well as voices that speak through material remains, whether monumental sculptures or tiny terracotta figurines of nameless goddesses. He focuses on the long millennium often designated as “classical India,” which stretches from the time of the founding figures of Buddhism and Jainism during the sixth century BCE through the seventh-century-CE dynasties of the Chalukyas and the Pallavas in southern India. Throughout, he emphasizes encounter, interaction, debate, critique, and borrowing among religious communities within a shared, changing social and political reality. The voices and visions of early India’s religions, Davis shows us, are fascinating in their multiplicity.

Empires of Ancient Eurasia

Author : Craig Benjamin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107114969
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Empires of Ancient Eurasia by : Craig Benjamin

Download or read book Empires of Ancient Eurasia written by Craig Benjamin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces a crucial period of world history when the vast exchange network of the Silk Roads connected most of Eurasia.

Archaeology and Religion in Early Northwest India

Author : Daniel Michon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317324579
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeology and Religion in Early Northwest India by : Daniel Michon

Download or read book Archaeology and Religion in Early Northwest India written by Daniel Michon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the ways in which past cultures have been used to shape colonial and postcolonial cultural identities. It provides a theoretical framework to understand these processes, and offers illustrative case studies in which the agency of ancient peoples, rather than the desires of antiquarians and archaeologists, is brought to the fore.

Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies

Author : Michael C. Howard
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 0786490330
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies by : Michael C. Howard

Download or read book Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies written by Michael C. Howard and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While scholars have long documented the migration of people in ancient and medieval times, they have paid less attention to those who traveled across borders with some regularity. This study of early transnational relations explores the routine interaction of people across the boundaries of empires, tribal confederacies, kingdoms, and city-states, paying particular attention to the role of long-distance trade along the Silk Road and maritime trade routes. It examines the obstacles voyagers faced, including limited travel and communication capabilities, relatively poor geographical knowledge, and the dangers of a fragmented and shifting political landscape, and offers profiles of better-known transnational elites such as the Hellenic scholar Herodotus and the Venetian merchant Marco Polo, as well lesser known servants, merchants, and sailors. By revealing the important political, economic, and cultural role cross-border trade and travel played in ancient society, this work demonstrates that transnationalism is not unique to modern times. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here.