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The World Trade Organizations Agreement On Government Procurement Expanding Disciplines Declining Membership
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Book Synopsis the world trade organization's agreement on government procurement by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book the world trade organization's agreement on government procurement written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Government Procurement: Expanding Disciplines, Declining Membership? by : Petros C. Mavroidis
Download or read book The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Government Procurement: Expanding Disciplines, Declining Membership? written by Petros C. Mavroidis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1995 The authors analyze the new Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) that was negotiated between a subset of General Agreement on Tariffs an Trade (GATT) members in the Uruguay Round, focusing especially on the expansion of coverage to services and on the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms. Coverage objective were substantially achieved, although commitments contain many exceptions for services. The transparency of signatories' procurement practices was enhanced and enforcement provisions were strengthened, particularly by the introduction of a bid-protest challenge mechanism, which allows private parties (firms) to invoke the Agreement before national courts. (A potential problem: domestic courts could produce divergent interpretations of the GPA). Unlike most of the other Tokyo Round codes - for example, the agreements on technical barriers to trade (standards), import licensing, customs valuation, subsidies, and antidumping - the GPA could not be multilateralized. Its disciplines apply only to World Trade Organization (WTO) members that have signed it. Public procurement represents a major source of demand for goods and services in most countries. Getting domestic procurement policies right can therefore have major effects on welfare. And improving developing countries' access to global procurement markets could help induce governments to adopt multilateral rules, if those could be shown to be in their interests. The authors explore why only a limited number of countries have signed the GPA. They suggest the pursuit of tariffication as one avenue through which the Agreement might be expanded to cover all WTO members. In the process, the GPA could be improved economically by eliminating current provisions that allow for measures with quota-like effects, and by weakening incentives to seek absolute sector-by-sector reciprocity.
Book Synopsis The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Government Procurement by : Bernard Hoekman
Download or read book The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Government Procurement written by Bernard Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1995The authors analyze the new Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) that was negotiated between a subset of General Agreement on Tariffs an Trade (GATT) members in the Uruguay Round, focusing especially on the expansion of coverage to services and on the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms. Coverage objectives were substantially achieved, although commitments contain many exceptions for services. The transparency of signatories - procurement practices was enhanced and enforcement provisions were strengthened, particularly by the introduction of a bid-protest challenge mechanism, which allows private parties (firms) to invoke the Agreement before national courts. (A potential problem: domestic courts could produce divergent interpretations of the GPA). Unlike most of the other Tokyo Round codes - for example, the agreements on technical barriers to trade (standards), import licensing, customs valuation, subsidies, and antidumping - the GPA could not be multilateralized. Its disciplines apply only to World Trade Organization (WTO) members that have signed it. Public procurement represents a major source of demand for goods and services in most countries. Getting domestic procurement policies right can therefore have major effects on welfare. And improving developing countries - access to global procurement markets could help induce governments to adopt multilateral rules, if those could be shown to be in their interests. The authors explore why only a limited number of countries have signed the GPA. They suggest the pursuit of tariffication as one avenue through which the Agreement might be expanded to cover all WTO members. In the process, the GPA could be improved economically by eliminating current provisions that allow for measures with quota-like effects, and by weakening incentives to seek absolute sector-by-sector reciprocity.
Book Synopsis The WTO's Agreement on Government Procurement by :
Download or read book The WTO's Agreement on Government Procurement written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The WTO's Agreements on Government Procurement by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book The WTO's Agreements on Government Procurement written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The WTO Regime on Government Procurement by : Sue Arrowsmith
Download or read book The WTO Regime on Government Procurement written by Sue Arrowsmith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally an important but relatively obscure plurilateral instrument, the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is now becoming a pillar of the WTO system as a result of important developments since the Uruguay Round. This collection examines the issues and challenges that this raises for the GPA, as well as future prospects for addressing government procurement at a multilateral level. Coverage includes issues relating to pending accessions to the GPA, particularly those of developing countries with a large state sector such as China; the revised (provisionally agreed) GPA text of 2006, including provisions on electronic procurement and Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries; and procurement provisions in regional trade agreements and their significance for the multilateral system. Attention is also given to emerging issues, especially those concerning environmental, social and SME policy; competition law; and the implications of the recent economic crisis.
Book Synopsis Most-favoured-nation Treatment by : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Most-favoured-nation Treatment written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.
Book Synopsis Government Procurement in the WTO by : Sue Arrowsmith
Download or read book Government Procurement in the WTO written by Sue Arrowsmith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-01-14 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the World Trade Organization regime, government procurement is largely excluded from the multilateral agreements. The 'plurilateral' WTO Agreement on Government Procurement, with its challenging accession procedures and limited number of signatories, cannot be said to succeed in its efforts to liberalize this area of trade activity–more than 10 percent of gross domestic product in most countries. This insightful and thoroughly researched study investigates the special sensitivities of government procurement that have left major trade barriers intact despite the WTO mandate that has proven so effective in other areas. Professor Arrowsmith examines the following crucial factors in depth: why and how procurement practices create barriers to trade the institutional structure for dealing with government procurement in the GATT/WTO system the impact of relevant WTO law on national legal systems the types of contracts and entities covered in the Agreement on Government Procurement how the National Treatment principle and the Most Favored Nation obligation affect government procurement rules of WTO contract award procedure and the controversy over their interpretation and revision the free trade vs. social and environmental issues question in the context of government procurement and the monitoring and enforcement of WTO procurement rules Throughout the presentation the author focuses on specific issues to illuminate the overall pattern of her legal analysis. For example, practical questions stemming from such activities as multi-phase tendering and electronic procurement are raised for special scrutiny. The legal literature of the WTO and its jurisprudence are frequently brought into Professor Arrowsmith's arguments. The result is a new work of major significance-a work that government procurement officials in every country, whatever their field, cannot afford to ignore. The value of Government Procurement in the WTO to lawyers and scholars in the field goes without saying. Review' Beneath its somewhat ordinary title is a work of extraordiary depth and quality. Although written by a law professor, this book is far more than a traditional legal textbook. In exceptionally lucid writing, the aithor sets forth a comprehensive study of the World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations ('Articles') on public procurement and their omplications.'
Book Synopsis The WTO at the Crossroads by : Paramita Dasgupta
Download or read book The WTO at the Crossroads written by Paramita Dasgupta and published by Concept Publishing Company. This book was released on 2009 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with key issues that have assumed importance in India's international trade scenario in recent years; papers presented at a workshop held at Hyderabad, India.
Book Synopsis Expansion of the Government Procurement Agreement by : Junsok Yang
Download or read book Expansion of the Government Procurement Agreement written by Junsok Yang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) was designed to liberalize and expand trade in government procurement. Revised GPA was implemented in 1996 and the latest revision was completed (but not yet implemented) in 2012, but as a plurilateral agreement. Since the end of the UR, there has been attempts by various WTO members to liberalize trade in the government procurement market - through an expansion of Parties who are signatories to GPA, and through a negotiated agreement on transparency in government procurement. The attempt to expand the Parties who are signatories to the GPA - attempt to increase the width of the coverage of the agreement - has been somewhat successful, but I argue that the goal should be to further liberate the government procurement markets of the current Party members - to reduce thresholds and other barriers which limit market access even to other GPA members, in other words, to increase the depth of coverage. Taking cue from Korea's FTA, I propose a two-level liberalization of the government procurement market under the GPA: A “light” level which would be the same as the current level of liberalization; and a “deep” level with lower thresholds and less exemptions. I argue that, as seen in Korea, with FTAs, many GPA Parties already have multiple levels of liberalization (i.e, spaghetti-bowl effect of FTAs), but by limiting the levels of liberalization to two, we can seek the best of deep liberalization but reduce the spaghetti-bowl effect.
Book Synopsis Government procurement: Market access, transparencxy, and multilateral trade rukles by : Simon J. Evenett
Download or read book Government procurement: Market access, transparencxy, and multilateral trade rukles written by Simon J. Evenett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects on national welfare and market access of two important public procurement practices (discrimination and non-transparency) are analyzed with an eye to the ongoing discussions on procurement reform in the Doha Round. The analysis suggests that the welfare payoffs of adopting mechanisms that foster domestic competition and transparency are likely to be greater than the return to efforts to ban international discrimination. However improved transparency, which may well reduce corruption, is unlikely to also result in significant enhancements in market access. This in turn raises questions about the likely enforceability of a WTO agreement on transparency in procurement.
Book Synopsis The WTO Government Procurement Agreement as a Commitment Device by : Benedikt Dengler
Download or read book The WTO Government Procurement Agreement as a Commitment Device written by Benedikt Dengler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents novel reduced form evidence on the association between international trade agreements that include disciplines on public procurement practices reflected in the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and public sector imports following the 2008 financial crisis. The results are suggestive of such international disciplines acting as an effective commitment device: GPA membership is associated with a significantly higher import share following the crisis than is observed for countries that are not members. We also find evidence that the GPA and PTAs that cover public procurement are partial substitutes.
Book Synopsis The International Procurement System by : Jean Heilman Grier
Download or read book The International Procurement System written by Jean Heilman Grier and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a multifaceted portrait of international procurement, which is both a highly important and a highly problematic element of the international trading system. It is important because governments purchase enormous amounts of goods and services. It is problematic because it is uniquely sensitive to the twin forces that shape international trade: liberalization and protectionism. Liberalization strives to open foreign markets. Protectionism moves in the opposite direction and aims to protect domestic markets from foreign competition. The international procurement system has developed a sophisticated set of agreements that open foreign procurement markets while allowing countries to balance the antithetical forces of liberalization and protectionism.The book examines the agreements that have shaped the international procurement system over 75 years. It focusses on the WTO Government Procurement Agreement and considers how it and other agreements have balanced liberalization against the protection of domestic procurement. At the center of this story is the United States, which has moved from being a strong proponent of expanding international procurement markets to a more protectionist posture. In 1981, it was a strong advocate of the first international procurement agreement. Thirty-five years later, it pivoted away from liberalization towards protectionism under Presidents Trump and Biden.In contrast to the U.S. approach, the European Union has engaged in an ambitious program to expand its access to international markets. It has outpaced the United States in the negotiation of free trade agreements. The US has not negotiated a new free trade agreement since 2012 and it withdrew from a major Asia-Pacific agreement. The book reviews the history of the international procurement system and examines the major agreements that shape it. It illustrates how these agreements give individual countries considerable leeway in balancing liberalization and protectionism. Finally, it considers the opportunities for expanding the international procurement system and the prospects of bringing China, the second largest economy, into the system.
Book Synopsis WTO Agreement on Government Procurement by :
Download or read book WTO Agreement on Government Procurement written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The WTO at Twenty by : World Trade Organization
Download or read book The WTO at Twenty written by World Trade Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research explores how multilateralism in trade has worked over the past twenty years - and provides some lessons about how it can work in the future. It describes the WTO's achievements across a number of key areas, including: strengthening the institutional foundations of the trade system; widening its membership and increasing participation; deepening trade integration through lower barriers and stronger rules; improving transparency and policy dialogue; strengthening dispute settlement; expanding cooperation with other international organizations; and enhancing public outreach. It concludes that the WTO has achieved much over its first twenty years but the success of the WTO has inevitably given rise to new challenges.
Book Synopsis The WTO Regime on Government Procurement by : Sue Arrowsmith
Download or read book The WTO Regime on Government Procurement written by Sue Arrowsmith and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally an important but relatively obscure plurilateral instrument, the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is now becoming a pillar of the WTO system as a result of important developments since the Uruguay Round. This collection examines the issues and challenges that this raises for the GPA, as well as future prospects for addressing government procurement at a multilateral level. Coverage includes issues relating to pending accessions to the GPA, particularly those of developing countries with a large state sector such as China; the revised (provisionally agreed) GPA text of 2006, including provisions on electronic procurement and Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries; and procurement provisions in regional trade agreements and their significance for the multilateral system. Attention is also given to emerging issues, especially those concerning environmental, social and SME policy; competition law; and the implications of the recent economic crisis.
Book Synopsis The Revised WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) by : Robert D. Anderson
Download or read book The Revised WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) written by Robert D. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
