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The Visual Perception Of Spatial Extent
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Book Synopsis The Visual Perception of Spatial Extent by : Walter Charles Gogel
Download or read book The Visual Perception of Spatial Extent written by Walter Charles Gogel and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Visual Perception of Spatial Extent by : Walter C. Gogel
Download or read book The Visual Perception of Spatial Extent written by Walter C. Gogel and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Visual Perception of Spatial Extent by : Walter Charles Gogel
Download or read book The Visual Perception of Spatial Extent written by Walter Charles Gogel and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was concerned with the manner in which perceived depth and perceived frontoparallel size varied with physical distance and hence with each other. An equation expressing the relation between perceived frontoparallel size and physical depth was developed and applied to frontoparallel size judgments determined with four observers under two viewing conditions. Using the same equation and an expression of the size-distance invariance hypothesis, an additional equation was developed which related perceived and physical depth. The additional equation, when applied to judgments of perceived depth from the same observers under the same viewing conditions, produced results not in agreement with those expected from the sizedistance invariance hypothesis. This is interpreted as evidence against the validity of the size-distance invariance hypothesis in its usual form. The results from the apparent depth judgments also were applied to the problem of the nonveridicality of the perceptual bisection of depth intervals. (Author).
Book Synopsis Visual Space Perception by : Maurice Hershenson
Download or read book Visual Space Perception written by Maurice Hershenson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renewed interest in the study of vision has attracted scholars from such diverse fields as neuroscience, computer science, mathematics, physics and philosophy. At the same time, the development of imaging devices and popularization of stereoscopic effects has increased student interest in vision. This primer provides an overview of the principles of space perception in a handbook format that should appeal to researchers as well as students. Topics covered include geometrical and distal-proximal relationships, spatial localization, stereopsis, cyclopean perception, stimulus inadequacy, pictorial cues, perceived size and shape, Gibsonian psychophysics, lateral motion, motion in depth, perceived object motion, and motion detection.
Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Geometries of Visual Space by : Mark Wagner
Download or read book The Geometries of Visual Space written by Mark Wagner and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When most people think of space, they think of physical space. However, visual space concerns space as consciously experienced, and it is studied through subjective measures, such as asking people to use numbers to estimate perceived distances, areas, angles, or volumes. This book explores the mismatch between perception and physical reality, and describes the many factors that influence the perception of space including the meaning assigned to geometric concepts like distance, the judgment methods used to report the experience, the presence or absence of cues to depth, and the orientation of a stimulus with respect to point of view. The main theme of the text is that no single geometry describes visual space, but that the geometry of visual space depends upon the stimulus conditions and mental shifts in the subjective meaning of size and distance. In addition, The Geometries of Visual Space: *contains philosophical, mathematical, and psychophysical background material; *looks at synthetic approaches to space perception including work on hyperbolic, spherical, and Euclidean geometries; *presents a meta-analysis of studies that ask observers to directly estimate size, distance, area, angle, and volume; *looks at the size constancy literature in which observers are asked to adjust a comparison stimulus to match a variety of standards at different distances away; *discusses research that takes a multi-dimensional approach toward studying visual space; and *discusses how spatial experience is influenced by memory. While this book is primarily intended for scholars in perception, mathematical psychology, and psychophysics, it will also be accessible to a wider audience since it is written at a readable level. It will make a good graduate-level textbook on space perception.
Book Synopsis Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception by : Alhazen
Download or read book Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception written by Alhazen and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on 2001 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sometime between 1028 and 1038, Ibn al-Haytham completed his monumental optical synthesis, Kitab al-Manazir ("Book of Optics"). By no later than 1200, and perhaps somewhat earlier, this treatise appeared in Latin under the title De aspectibus. In that form it was attributed to a certain "Alhacen." These differences in title and authorial designation are indicative of the profound differences between the two versions, Arabic and Latin, of the treatise. In many ways, in fact, they can be regarded not simply as different versions of the same work, but as different works in their own right. Accordingly, the Arab author, Ibn al-Haytham, and his Latin incarnation, Alhacen, represent two distinct, sometimes even conflicting, interpretive voices. And the same holds for their respective texts. To complicate matters, "Alhacen" does not represent a single interpretive voice. There were at least two translators at work on the Latin text, one of them adhering faithfully to the Arabic original, the other content with distilling, even paraphrasing, the Arabic original. Consequently, the Latin text presents not one, but at least two faces to the reader. This two-volume critical edition represents fourteen years of work on Dr. Smith's part. Awarded the 2001 J. F. Lewis Award.
Book Synopsis The Size Cue to Visually Perceived Distance by : Walter Charles Gogel
Download or read book The Size Cue to Visually Perceived Distance written by Walter Charles Gogel and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Visual Space by : John Douglas Willen
Download or read book Visual Space written by John Douglas Willen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Visual Perception of Size and Distance by : Walter Charles Gogel
Download or read book The Visual Perception of Size and Distance written by Walter Charles Gogel and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial Resolution in Perception and Working Memory by : Adeola Natasha Harewood Smith
Download or read book Spatial Resolution in Perception and Working Memory written by Adeola Natasha Harewood Smith and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to discriminate individual items in the presence of flankers is necessary for tasks such as reading and driving. The reduction in the ability to identify an item in peripheral vision due to the presence of flankers is called crowding. Crowding tasks provide a measure of the spatial resolution of visual perception. Previous studies have found better performance on crowding tasks in the lower visual field than in the upper visual field, and this effect is known as the lower visual field advantage. However, when the size of the upper and lower visual field extent are taken into account by placing stimuli at locations with the same percentage of visual field extent, the lower visual field advantage goes away. Spatial working memory (SWM) is the short-term storage of locations of items not currently visible in the environment for immediate use. Manipulation of cholinergic or dopaminergic signaling alters the spatial tuning of macaque prefrontal cortical neurons during the delay period of a SWM task and can improve SWM performance in primates. Moreover, increasing synaptic levels of acetylcholine reduces the excitatory receptive field size of neurons in marmoset primary visual cortex and sharpens the spatial tuning of visual cortical fMRI responses in humans. These results point to cholinergic enhancement leading to increased spatial resolution and cholinergic and dopaminergic enhancement improving spatial working memory. In chapter one of this dissertation, I discuss the relationship between crowding and visual field shape. I show that for radially configured flankers there is a lower visual field advantage for critical spacing (the minimum distance between a target and its flankers that is required for a certain level of performance on a crowding task) when crowded stimuli are placed at the same eccentricity. This suggests that the spatial resolution of perception is better in the lower visual field than in the upper visual field. When stimulus locations are matched for the same percentage of visual field extent, however the lower visual field advantage for critical spacing is no longer present. We did not observe a lower visual field advantage for stimuli with a tangential configuration. In chapter two I present a study that examined the effects of cholinergic and dopaminergic enhancement on spatial working memory. I found that pharmacological enhancement of the cholinergic system (using donepezil) and the dopaminergic system (using levodopa/carbidopa) did not result in improved spatial working memory precision, which we defined as subjects being able to notice smaller changes in the spatial location of a remembered stimulus. The first study demonstrates that spatial resolution is different in the lower and upper visual field when stimuli are oriented radially. The second study concludes that the precision of spatial resolution in working memory is not limited by the spatial resolution of perception and that cholinergic or dopaminergic enhancement through an acute dose of donepezil or levodopa/carbidopa, respectively, does not improve spatial resolution in working memory.
Book Synopsis Psychophysical Analysis of Visual Space by : John C. Baird
Download or read book Psychophysical Analysis of Visual Space written by John C. Baird and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychophysical Analysis of Visual Space focuses on the use of psychophysics in the analysis of visual space, with emphasis on space perception and physiological optics. Topics covered include null-size judgment, ratio-size judgment, frontal-size judgment, and distance judgment, as well as selected physiological correlates of size and distance judgments. A theoretical analysis of model reduction is also presented. This volume consists of 11 chapters and opens with an overview of basic definitions and evidence in support of the constancy hypothesis. A psychophysical approach to the problems of visual space is described. The reader is then introduced to null-size judgment, ratio-size judgment, frontal-size judgment, and distance judgment, with emphasis on the importance of the retina as a reference for spatial judgments and how size judgments of targets at different distances can be related to judgments of targets at a constant distance. Some of the important relationships between ocular physiology and size-distance judgments are also examined, paying particular attention to size and distance judgments which relate to the variables of convergence, accommodation, angle-of-regard, and binocular disparity. The remaining chapters look at two stimulus correlates of distance judgments: frontal size and longitudinal size. This book will be of interest to physiologists, physicists, and experimental psychologists.
Book Synopsis The Geometries of Visual Space by : Mark Wagner
Download or read book The Geometries of Visual Space written by Mark Wagner and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When most people think of space, they think of physical space. However, visual space concerns space as consciously experienced, and it is studied through subjective measures, such as asking people to use numbers to estimate perceived distances, areas, angles, or volumes. This book explores the mismatch between perception and physical reality, and describes the many factors that influence the perception of space including the meaning assigned to geometric concepts like distance, the judgment methods used to report the experience, the presence or absence of cues to depth, and the orientation of a stimulus with respect to point of view. The main theme of the text is that no single geometry describes visual space, but that the geometry of visual space depends upon the stimulus conditions and mental shifts in the subjective meaning of size and distance. In addition, The Geometries of Visual Space: *contains philosophical, mathematical, and psychophysical background material; *looks at synthetic approaches to space perception including work on hyperbolic, spherical, and Euclidean geometries; *presents a meta-analysis of studies that ask observers to directly estimate size, distance, area, angle, and volume; *looks at the size constancy literature in which observers are asked to adjust a comparison stimulus to match a variety of standards at different distances away; *discusses research that takes a multi-dimensional approach toward studying visual space; and *discusses how spatial experience is influenced by memory. While this book is primarily intended for scholars in perception, mathematical psychology, and psychophysics, it will also be accessible to a wider audience since it is written at a readable level. It will make a good graduate-level textbook on space perception.
Book Synopsis Visual Perception Part 1 by : Susana Martinez-Conde
Download or read book Visual Perception Part 1 written by Susana Martinez-Conde and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-05 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of articles reflecting state-of-the-art research in visual perception, specifically concentrating on neural correlates of perception. Each section addresses one of the main topics in vision research today. Volume 1 Fundamentals of Vision: Low and Mid-Level Processes in Perception covers topics from receptive field analyses to shape perception and eye movements. A variety of methodological approaches are represented, including single-neuron recordings, fMRI and optical imaging, psychophysics, eye movement characterization and computational modelling. The contributions will provide the reader with a valuable perspective on the current status of vision research, and more importantly, with critical insight into future research directions and the discoveries yet to come. · Provides a detailed breakdown of the neural and psychophysical bases of Perception · Presents never-before-published original discoveries · Includes multiple full-color illustrations
Book Synopsis The Development of Reversible Hematuria and Oliguria Following Elevation of Renal Venous Pressure by : T. E. Emerson
Download or read book The Development of Reversible Hematuria and Oliguria Following Elevation of Renal Venous Pressure written by T. E. Emerson and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Visual Experience by : Gary Hatfield
Download or read book Visual Experience written by Gary Hatfield and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of us have been fascinated by visual illusions at some point, and have asked ourselves why something can look like one thing when it is fact something else. How can we perceive two different things, when the light coming into our eyes stays constant? This book brings together psychologists and philosophers to explore this aspect of vision.
Book Synopsis Perceiving Complex Objects by : Nina Gaißert
Download or read book Perceiving Complex Objects written by Nina Gaißert and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Das wichtigste Werkzeug des Menschen sind seine Hande. Obwohl dieses Sprichwort schon sehr alt ist, ist nur wenig daruber bekannt, wie und was der Mensch wahrnimmt, wenn er Objekte in die Hand nimmt und betastet. Wie wird die ertastete Form eines Objektes im Gehirn abgespeichert? Ist die haptische Reprasentation ahnlich zu der, der visuellen Wahrnehmung? Entsteht sogar eine multisensorische, und somit gemeinsame, Reprasentation? Diese fundamentalen Fragen bilden den Hintergrund der vorliegenden Dissertation. Die hier dargestellten Experimente zeigen, dass der Mensch sehr ahnliche perzeptuelle Raume generiert, wenn komplexe Formen eines parametrisch definierten Objektraumes visuell oder haptisch exploriert werden. Um dies zu zeigen, wurde zuerst ein dreidimensionaler Objektraum muschelahnlicher Objekte generiert, welche in drei Formparametern variieren. Versuchspersonen wurden in den visuellen Versuchen Fotos oder virtuelle Rekonstruktionen der Objekte gezeigt, wahrend in den haptischen Versuchen 3D Plastikmodelle der Objekte, generiert mit einem 3D Drucker, mit verbundenen Augen betastet wurden. In einer ersten Reihe von Experimenten bewerteten die Versuchspersonen die Ahnlichkeit zweier, nacheinander gezeigter, Objekte. Mit diesen Ahnlichkeitsbewertungen und mit Hilfe des Verfahrens der multidimensionalen Skalierung wurden die perzeptuellen Raume beider Modalitaten visualisiert. Uberraschenderweise konnten die Versuchspersonen die Topologie des Objektraumes korrekt nachbilden, unabhangig davon, ob sie die Objekte gesehen oder betastet hatten. Weiterhin zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass der visuelle und der haptische perzeptuelle Raum fast identisch waren. Als nachstes wurden drei Kategorisierungsexperimente durchgefuhrt. Obwohl Kategorisierung allein durch den Tastsinn eher eine ungewohnliche Aufgabe ist, konnte sie genauso gut gelost werden, wie wenn die Versuchspersonen die Objekte sehen konnten. Anschliessend wurden die perzeptuellen Raume beider Modalitaten mit den Ergebnissen der Kategorisierungsexperimente verglichen. Fur alle Kategorisierungsexperimente und fur beide Modalitaten war die wahrgenommene Ahnlichkeit zwischen Objekten einer Kategorie hoher, als die Ahnlichkeit zweier Objekte aus unterschiedlichen Kategorien. Das heisst, dass, sowohl visuell als auch haptisch, Objekte in einer Kategorie zusammengruppiert wurden, die als sehr ahnlich wahrgenommen wurden.Um zu untersuchen, inwieweit die auf den computergenerierten Objekten basierenden Ergebnisse auf naturliche Objekte ubertragbar sind, wurde eine Sammlung von Muscheln und Salzwasserschnecken erstellt. Mit diesen wurden, wie oben beschrieben, Ahnlichkeitsbewertungen durchgefuhrt und mittels multidimensionaler Skalierung die perzeptuellen Raume visualisiert. Wiederum waren der visuelle und der haptische perzeptuelle Raum fast identisch. Interessanterweise konnte man in beiden Raumen eine Gruppenbildung erkennen, weshalb auch hier drei Kategorisierungsexperimente durchgefuhrt wurden. Obwohl die Muscheln in einer Vielzahl an Objektmerkmalen variierten, z.B. Form, Farbe, Muster etc., konnten die Versuchspersonen diese Aufgabe ohne Muhe losen, auch wenn sie die Objekte nur betasten durften. Zusatzlich konnte die Gruppenbildung, die schon in den perzeptuellen Raumen erkennbar war, die Kategorisierungsergebnisse richtig vorhersagen.Zusammengenommen weisen diese Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die visuelle und die haptische Reprasentation von Objekten sehr eng miteinander verknupft sein mussen. Zusatzlich liefern die Experimente Hinweise darauf, dass die gleichen Prozesse genutzt werden, wenn Ahnlichkeiten zwischen Objekten wahrgenommen werden, oder Objekte kategorisiert werden, egal ob die Objekte visuell oder haptisch exploriert werden.