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The Vat Gst Treatment Of Public Bodies
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Book Synopsis The VAT/GST Treatment of Public Bodies by : Oskar Henkow
Download or read book The VAT/GST Treatment of Public Bodies written by Oskar Henkow and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most VAT systems exclude public bodies from the scope of value added tax (VAT) systems. However, a movement to include public sector bodies within the GST system to some extent or even fully (as in New Zealand) is gaining momentum, and underlies the European Commission’s 2011 study on the treatment and economic impact of exemptions in the public interest. Whether the present EU treatment really is as bad as some of its critics suggest, and whether the New Zealand model really is so perfect that jurisdictions with exclusion models ought simply to replace these existing systems with a New Zealand style system: these are the questions which triggered this research and which form the basis for the critical analysis contained in this book. Using a system design point of view, the author focuses on VAT systems where exclusion or inclusion of public bodies are currently being applied and on how these models function. He presents an in-depth analysis of the major issues in this context, such as the treatment of public bodies as taxable persons, their right to deduct input VAT on acquisitions, and the treatment of the income of public bodies. Specific aspects examined [nclude the following: reallocation of funds and income vs. the production/distribution/consumption cycle; the concept of ‘merit goods’; bias to self-supply instead of contracting out; preference to integrate vertically in the supply chain; applicability of VAT to government regulatory services; tax cascading in the public goods and services context; administration and compliance burden in government agencies; interpretational and implementation difficulties in EU Member States; and VAT compensation schemes in the public sector context, and whether these constitute illegal State aid. The book concludes with an insightful discussion of what might be considered as ‘best practice’ in relation to both the exclusion and full tax models. Beyond its thorough discussion of the treatment of public bodies in various VAT systems, and in the EU VAT system in particular, this is the first book on how a GST/VAT system may be designed to best accommodate public bodies, and as such it is sure to be warmly welcomed by practitioners, academics, and policymakers as a valuable contribution to the debate on the relation between VAT and public sector activities.
Book Synopsis International VAT/GST Guidelines by : OECD
Download or read book International VAT/GST Guidelines written by OECD and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper set forth internationally agreed principles and standards for the value added tax (VAT) treatment of the most common types of international transactions, with a particular focus on trade in services and intangibles. Its aim is to minimise inconsistencies in the application of VAT in a cross-border context with a view to reducing uncertainty and risks of double taxation and unintended non-taxation in international trade. It also includes the recommended principles and mechanisms to address the challenges for the collection of VAT on crossborder sales of digital products that had been identified in the context of the OECD/G20 Project on Base and Erosion and Profit Shifting (the BEPS Project).
Book Synopsis Improving VAT/GST : designing a simple and fraud-proof tax system by : Michael Lang
Download or read book Improving VAT/GST : designing a simple and fraud-proof tax system written by Michael Lang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book will be an interesting and valuable tool for both regulators and practitioners alike to deepen their understanding of the various tax systems and the way certain issues are solved under different regimes, in order to encourage international trade and lay the groundwork for the removal of tax obstacles and related costs in global commerce."--Extracted from publisher website on March 25, 2014.
Book Synopsis Consumption Tax Trends 2014 VAT/GST and excise rates, trends and policy issues by : OECD
Download or read book Consumption Tax Trends 2014 VAT/GST and excise rates, trends and policy issues written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumption Tax Trends provides information on Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates in OECD member countries.
Download or read book Value Added Tax written by Alan Schenk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates legal, economic, and administrative materials about value added tax. Its principal purpose is to provide comprehensive teaching tools - laws, cases, analytical exercises, and questions drawn from the experience of countries and organizations from all areas of the world. It also serves as a resource for tax practitioners and government officials that must grapple with issues under their VAT or their prospective VAT. The comparative presentation of this volume offers an analysis of policy issues relating to tax structure and tax base as well as insights into how cases arising out of VAT disputes have been resolved. The authors have expanded the coverage to include new VAT related developments in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. A chapter on financial services has been added as well as an analysis of significant new cases.
Book Synopsis Tax by Design for the Netherlands by : Sijbren Cnossen
Download or read book Tax by Design for the Netherlands written by Sijbren Cnossen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is the product of the first Cnossen Forum-Tax by design for the Netherlands that was held on 23-24 May 2019."--Page v.
Book Synopsis Consumption Tax Trends 2020 VAT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Policy Issues by : OECD
Download or read book Consumption Tax Trends 2020 VAT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Policy Issues written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumption Tax Trends provides information on Value Added Taxes/Goods and Services Taxes (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates in OECD member countries. It also contains information about international aspects of VAT/GST developments and the efficiency of this tax. It describes a range of other consumption taxation provisions on tobacco, alcoholic beverages, motor vehicles and aviation fuels.
Book Synopsis CJEU - Recent Developments in Value Added Tax 2017 by : Michael Lang
Download or read book CJEU - Recent Developments in Value Added Tax 2017 written by Michael Lang and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2018-08-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important and recent judgments of the CJEU Considering the ever increasing importance of indirect taxation as a source of revenue for governments, the intensifying complexity of legal framework, and the proliferating number of countries adopting indirect taxation, it is essential to scrutinize how the law is actually applied in practice. The primary driving force in this area is, undoubtedly, the Court of Justice of the European Union. This book analyses selected topics (e.g. the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and VAT, taxable base and rates, exemptions, and deductions) by examining the most prominent and recent judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Experts from all over the world, not just from academia but also government representatives and tax practitioners, have provided their input and helped us compile what is an informative and worthy read for anyone dealing with indirect taxation on a professional basis.
Book Synopsis Consumption Tax Trends 2018 VAT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Policy Issues by : OECD
Download or read book Consumption Tax Trends 2018 VAT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Policy Issues written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumption Tax Trends provides information on Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates in OECD member countries. It also contains information about indirect tax topics such as international aspects of VAT/GST developments and the efficiency of this tax. It also ...
Book Synopsis Consumption Tax Trends 2016 VAT/GST and excise rates, trends and policy issues by : OECD
Download or read book Consumption Tax Trends 2016 VAT/GST and excise rates, trends and policy issues written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides information on Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates in OECD member countries.
Book Synopsis Virtues and Fallacies of VAT: An Evaluation after 50 Years by : Robert F. van Brederode
Download or read book Virtues and Fallacies of VAT: An Evaluation after 50 Years written by Robert F. van Brederode and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value-added tax (VAT) is a mainstay of revenue systems in more than 160 countries. Because consumption is a more stable revenue base than other tax bases, VAT is less distorting and hence more likely to encourage investment, savings, optimum labor supply decisions, and growth. VAT is not without criticism however, and faces its own specific technical and policy challenges. This book, the first to thoroughly evaluate VAT from a global policy perspective after over 50 years of experience with its intricacies, offers authoritative perspectives on VAT’s full spectrum—from its signal successes to the subtle ways its application can undermine revenue performance and economic neutrality. The contributors—leading tax practitioners and academics—examine the key policy issues and topics that are crucially relevant for measuring the success of the tax in the first part of the book, including: revenue generation and revenue efficiency; single rate versus multiple rates; susceptibility to fraud; exemptions and exceptions; compliance cost for businesses; policy and compliance gaps in revenue collection; adjustment rules caused by the transactional nature of the tax; transfer pricing issues; treatment of vouchers; permanent establishments and holding companies; payment of refunds; cross-border digital transactions; and supplies for free or below cost price. The second part offers six country reports—on New Zealand, Japan, China, Colombia, Ethiopia, and India—to demonstrate the different ways in which VAT operates in a variety of national economies. Whether a government is contemplating the imposition of a general consumption tax for the first time or new rules for applying an existing one, it is important for policymakers to keep central the aim to design a tax that realizes optimal efficiency and causes minimal distortions. This invaluable book serves as an expert guide to VAT policy development in this area. It will be welcomed not only by concerned government officials but also by tax professionals (both lawyers and accountants) and academics in tax law.
Book Synopsis Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age by : Katharina Artinger
Download or read book Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age written by Katharina Artinger and published by Nomos Verlag. This book was released on 2020-10-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Digitalisierung hat enorme Auswirkungen auf die Grundidee der Mehrwertsteuer: den Austausch von Leistungen für Konsumzwecke. Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf den Austausch von scheinbar "kostenlosen" Online-Dienstleistungen und die Zustimmung der Kunden zur Verwertung ihrer persönlichen Daten. Diese können der Mehrwertsteuer unterliegen, wobei die Bemessungsgrundlage auf Grundlage der Anbieterkosten berechnet werden muss. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer Analyse der EU-Mehrwertsteuer als Verbrauchsteuer im Vergleich zu anderen theoretischen Konsummodellen. Auch andere digitale Geschäftsmodelle, wie die Sharing Economy oder Bitcoins, können unter die Idee der EU-Mehrwertsteuer als Verbrauchsteuer subsumiert werden. Dissertationspreis der Nürnberger Steuergespräche e.V. 2020
Book Synopsis Insurance in European VAT by : Marta Papis-Almansa
Download or read book Insurance in European VAT written by Marta Papis-Almansa and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insurance constitutes a significant part of the financial services sector and is one of the foundations of modern economy and society. In the design of tax laws, however, whether and how to tax insurance is a complex issue that has become particularly controversial in the area of value-added tax (VAT). In the European Union, as in most of the world, insurance is exempt from VAT, but New Zealand and Australia do not follow this practice. Given that New Zealand’s simple, comprehensive goods and services tax (GST) – called ‘the world’s purest value-added tax’ – and its modified Australian version do not appear to suffer from the shortcomings in efficiency and effectiveness that plague European VAT, a comparison of the two systems is in order. This book is not only the first comparative in-depth study of the treatment of insurance in the two systems, but also the first comprehensive legal research devoted to the treatment of insurance in EU VAT published in English. Among the underlying issues and topics treated by the two systems covered are the following: – who has a right to deduct input VAT in relation to supplies inherent in insurance arrangements and to what extent; – what constitutes a supply of insurance and consideration for such a supply; – what transactions fall within the scope of the VAT Directive’s exemption for insurance; and – drawing a line between insurance and saving. The analysis is grounded in a methodology in which concepts of European VAT are compared with concepts performing the same function in the Australian and New Zealand GST laws. The author concludes with proposals for reform in EU VAT in the light of experience in these two major non-EU countries. Given that it has been proven that exemptions from VAT (such as insurance) cause a significant number of economic distortions and inefficiencies, this study represents a major contribution to a topical debate in European VAT law. It will be welcomed by taxation authorities, interested policymakers, practitioners, and scholars not only in Europe but worldwide.
Book Synopsis Consumption Tax Trends 2022 VAT/GST and Excise, Core Design Features and Trends by : OECD
Download or read book Consumption Tax Trends 2022 VAT/GST and Excise, Core Design Features and Trends written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumption Tax Trends provides information on Value Added Taxes/Goods and Services Taxes (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates in OECD member countries. It also contains information about international aspects of VAT/GST developments and the efficiency of this tax.
Book Synopsis Double non-taxation and the use of hybrid entities by : Leopoldo Parada
Download or read book Double non-taxation and the use of hybrid entities written by Leopoldo Parada and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics of double non-taxation and hybrid entities have acquired particular importance in a context where transformations in the tax world have led to international commitments materialised in the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. In what is the first systematic in-depth analysis of the OECD BEPS Action Plan 2 and hybrid entities, this timely book provides a critical review of the approach adopted by the OECD and proposes a deeply informed alternative method to deal with the problem of hybrid entity mismatches. The author analyses the interaction between the double non-taxation outcome and the use of hybrid entities in an approach not strictly linked to any specific tax jurisdiction. To this end, the analysis includes case studies and examples from a range of jurisdictions emphasising the international tax context, also including the application of tax treaties. Among the seminal matters covered in this edition are the following: foundations of the concepts of double non-taxation and hybrid entities; extensive analysis based on the rules of characterisation of foreign entities for tax purposes in the United States, Spain, Denmark, and Germany, as well as on the Poland/United States and Canada/United States tax treaties; in-depth analysis of the implications of Article 1(2) OECD Model Tax Convention and Article 3(1) Multilateral Instrument (MLI), especially considering the position of developing (source) countries; detailed analysis of the OECD BEPS Action 2 and its recommendations (linking rules), including its implementation in the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD); and elaborated alternative method to deal with hybrid entity mismatches (reactive coordination rule), which is informed by the tax policy aims of simplicity, coherence, and administrability. Detailed comparisons between the author’s proposal and other existing rules elucidate common points and deviations. If merely for its unparalleled clarification of the issues, this book will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners, tax authorities, policymakers and academics concerned with international tax law. Beyond that, as an authoritative guide that promises to reorient the discussion to what really matters in the debate regarding hybrid entity mismatches, this analysis elaborates solutions applicable to a generality of cases worldwide and, therefore, hugely promotes the urgent quest for alternative views.
Book Synopsis Tax Treaty Residence of Entities by : Jan Gooijer
Download or read book Tax Treaty Residence of Entities written by Jan Gooijer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-09-13 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is of great importance to be able to determine who or what is considered ‘resident’ within the meaning of tax treaty provisions. However, the concept of residence has never been fundamentally adjusted to current circumstances in which technological developments make it possible for corporations to explore the wide gap between their actual business operations and the ‘legalistic’ requirements for corporate residence. In this study of the OECD Model Tax Convention – the basis for most tax treaties – the author develops a clear understanding of the content of the residence concept as regards entities and proposes solutions to current problems, finishing with his own thoroughgoing definition. In seeking a definition of the term ‘resident’ that covers all uses in treaties, the analysis draws on, in addition to the current and earlier iterations of the OECD Model Law itself, such elements as the following: domestic law meaning of residence in the tax law of France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States; Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; historical documents that uncover the ordinary meaning of treaty terms; tax treaty case law and court decisions; and fiscal, tax and legal scholarship surrounding the concept of residence for taxation purposes. The analysis includes a comprehensive description of tiebreaker rules, various perspectives on ‘place of effective management’ and policy considerations as to the further development of the treatment of entities under double tax conventions. Given the inordinate importance of the definition of ‘resident’, the differences in interpretation to which the current definition gives rise and the economic developments that call for an evaluation of the provision, this thorough examination of the treaty rules on residence of entities will be welcomed by tax lawyers, corporate counsel and policymakers and academics concerned with tax law. The author’s guidance on the concept of residence for tax purposes and his original proposals for reform will prove of great practical value for tax practitioners.
Book Synopsis Modernizing VATs in Africa by : Sijbren Cnossen
Download or read book Modernizing VATs in Africa written by Sijbren Cnossen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-07-12 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most African countries are in dire need of more tax revenue. In 28 out of 45 countries with a value-added tax (VAT), total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is around 15% or less, falling short of what is necessary to finance basic human and economic development. Far from being revenue-raising instruments, current African VATs are riddled with exemptions, exclusions, and zero rates on domestic goods and services that depress revenue, are highly distortionary, and greatly complicate the administration of VAT. Modernizing VATs in Africa enables policymakers, professionals, and students to analyse African tax systems to ascertain how they can be modernized. It explains the case for VAT base-broadening over rate-increasing, arguing that exemptions and zero rates mainly accrue benefits for higher-income groups. Even more persuasively, it demonstrates that the net result of fiscal systems can be equalizing if the revenue of broad-based VATs is used to finance in-kind transfers, such as healthcare and education. VAT modernization should be used to enable governments to finance development; Modernizing VATs in Africa puts a compelling case forward for how and why this can be achieved.
