The Vanishing Weight Gap

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Understanding and Bridging the Gap between Neuromorphic Computing and Machine Learning, volume II

Author : Huajin Tang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 283255363X
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding and Bridging the Gap between Neuromorphic Computing and Machine Learning, volume II by : Huajin Tang

Download or read book Understanding and Bridging the Gap between Neuromorphic Computing and Machine Learning, volume II written by Huajin Tang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-26 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards the long-standing dream of artificial intelligence, two solution paths have been paved: (i) neuroscience-driven neuromorphic computing; (ii) computer science-driven machine learning. The former targets at harnessing neuroscience to obtain insights for brain-like processing, by studying the detailed implementation of neural dynamics, circuits, coding and learning. Although our understanding of how the brain works is still very limited, this bio-plausible way offers an appealing promise for future general intelligence. In contrast, the latter aims at solving practical tasks typically formulated as a cost function with high accuracy, by eschewing most neuroscience details in favor of brute force optimization and feeding a large volume of data. With the help of big data (e.g. ImageNet), high-performance processors (e.g. GPU, TPU), effective training algorithms (e.g. artificial neural networks with gradient descent training), and easy-to-use design tools (e.g. Pytorch, Tensorflow), machine learning has achieved superior performance in a broad spectrum of scenarios. Although acclaimed for the biological plausibility and the low power advantage (benefit from the spike signals and event-driven processing), there are ongoing debates and skepticisms about neuromorphic computing since it usually performs worse than machine learning in practical tasks especially in terms of the accuracy.

Obesity Among Poor Americans

Author : Patricia K. Smith
Publisher : Vanderbilt University Press
ISBN 13 : 0826516378
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity Among Poor Americans by : Patricia K. Smith

Download or read book Obesity Among Poor Americans written by Patricia K. Smith and published by Vanderbilt University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-10 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity costs our society billions of dollars a year in lost productivity and medical expenses, roughly half of which the federal government pays through Medicare and Medicaid. We know obesity plagues the poor more than the non-poor and poor women more than poor men. Poor women make up the majority of adult welfare recipients--coincidence or causal connection? This book investigates the controversial claim by welfare critics that public assistance programs like Food Stamps and the National School Lunch programs contribute to obesity among the poor. The author synthesizes empirical evidence from an array of disciplines--anthropology, economics, epidemiology, medicine, nutrition science, marketing, psychology, public health, sociology, and urban planning--to test this claim and to test whether other causal processes are at work. With a lucid presentation that makes it a model for applying research to questions of social policy, the book lays out the different hypotheses and the possible causal pathways within each. The four central chapters test whether "public assistance causes obesity," "obesity causes public assistance," "poverty causes both public assistance and obesity," and "Factor X causes both." The factors in the last category that may relate to both public assistance and obesity include stress, disability, and physical abuse.

Fat Economics

Author : Mario Mazzocchi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199213852
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Fat Economics by : Mario Mazzocchi

Download or read book Fat Economics written by Mario Mazzocchi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The obesity epidemic and the growing debate about what, if any, public health policy should be adopted is the subject of endless debates within the media and in governments around the world. Whilst much has been written on the subject, this book takes a unique approach by looking at the obesity epidemic from an economic perspective. Written in a language accessible to non-specialists, the authors provide a timely discussion of evolving nutrition policies in both the developing and developed world, discuss the factors influencing supply and demand of food supply, and review the evidence for various factors which may explain recent trends in diets, weight, and health. The traditional economic model assumes people choose to be overweight as part of a utility maximisation process that involves choices about what to eat and drink, how much time to spend on leisure, food preparation, and exercise, and choices about appearance and health. Market and behavioural failures, however, such as time available to a person, education, costs imposed on the health system and economic productivity provide the economic rationale for government intervention. The authors explore various policy measures designed to deal with the epidemic and examine their effectiveness within a cost-benefit analysis framework. While providing a sound economic basis for analysing policy decisions, the book also aims to show the underlying limits of the economic framework in quantifying changes in public well-being.

The Fattening of America

Author : Eric A. Finkelstein
Publisher : Wiley + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1118045033
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fattening of America by : Eric A. Finkelstein

Download or read book The Fattening of America written by Eric A. Finkelstein and published by Wiley + ORM. This book was released on 2010-12-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to how America became the fattest nation, and how the food industry and the government keep it that way. In The Fattening of America, renowned health economist Eric Finkelstein, along with business writer Laurie Zuckerman, reveal how the US economy has become the driving force behind our expanding waistlines. Blending theory, research, and engaging personal anecdotes, the authors discuss how declining food costs—especially for high-calorie, low-nutrient foods—and an increasing usage of technology, which make Americans more sedentary, has essentially led us to eat more calories than we burn off. Praise for The Fattening of America “[Finkelstein and Zuckerman] show that our entire society profits from making people fat and then either keeping them fat or making them thin again. When you understand how these powerful forces work, you can do a better job of resisting them—and staying healthy.” —Jack Challem, bestselling author of The Food-Mood Solution and Stop Prediabetes Now “Everyone who eats food in America must read this book. It is a comprehensive guide to how we’ve become the fattest nation on the planet and how the food industry, in cahoots with the government, makes us one of the least healthy nations.” —Fred Pescatore, MD, MPH, CCN, author of The Hamptons Diet “The authors have done an excellent job talking to mainstream America about obesity. It brings together all of the latest research and packages it in a way that is engaging for the average person. I very much enjoyed the book and would recommend it for anyone interested in obesity. Well done.” —James O. Hill, PhD, Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, and author of The Step Diet: Count Steps, Not Calories to Lose Weight and Keep It Off Forever “An important book for everyone interested in gaining a better understanding of the underlying causes behind the obesity epidemic and options for addressing it.” —Barry Popkin, Carla Smith Chamblee Distinguished Professor of Global Nutrition at the University of North Carolina

Superconductivity and Magnetism in Skutterudites

Author : Ctirad Uher
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000513807
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Superconductivity and Magnetism in Skutterudites by : Ctirad Uher

Download or read book Superconductivity and Magnetism in Skutterudites written by Ctirad Uher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconductivity and Magnetism in Skutterudites discusses superconducting and magnetic properties of a class of materials called skutterudites. With a brief introduction of the fundamental structural features of skutterudites, the book then provides a detailed assessment of the superconducting and magnetic properties, focusing particularly on the rare earth-filled skutterudites where a plethora of fascinating properties and ground states is realized due to interactions of the filler species with the framework ions. Such interactions underpin the exciting forms of superconductivity and magnetism, most notably realized in the exotic heavy fermion superconductor of composition PrOs4Sb12. The two main topics of superconductivity and magnetism are provided with a concise introduction of superconducting and magnetic properties so that a reader can appreciate and understand the main arguments in the text. This book would appeal to graduate students, postdoctoral students, and anyone interested in superconducting and magnetic properties of a large family of minerals called skutterudites. Key Features: • Gives a thorough account of the superconducting and magnetic properties of skutterudites. • Each topic is accompanied by introductory sections to assist in the understanding of the text. • Supported by numerous figures and all key references.

Nutrition and economic development

Author : Ecker, Olivier
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 089629238X
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition and economic development by : Ecker, Olivier

Download or read book Nutrition and economic development written by Ecker, Olivier and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book’s main hypothesis is that Egypt’s large food subsidy system has been ineffective in reducing undernutrition; in fact, it may have contributed to sustaining and even aggravating both nutrition challenges. For a long time, the subsidy system provided only calorie-rich foods, at very low and constant prices and with quotas much above dietary recommendations. This system has created incentives to consume calorie-overladen and unbalanced diets, increasing the risks of child and maternal overnutrition and, at high subsidy levels, the risk of inadequate child nutrition. Moreover, the large public budget allocated to the food subsidies is unavailable for possibly more nutrition-beneficial spending, such as for child and maternal nutrition-specific interventions. The authors’ findings consistently suggest that—in addition to the well-known economic rationale for reforming the Egyptian food subsidy system—there are strong reasons to reform food subsidies due to nutrition and public health concerns. A fundamental food subsidy reform process has been under way since June 2014. The already-implemented changes can be expected to have reduced some incentives for overconsumption and may have positive dietary effects. However, further major reform efforts are needed to transform the current subsidy system into a key policy instrument in the fight against malnutrition. The findings of this book should be valuable to policy makers, analysts, development partners, and others concerned with improving food security and promoting healthy nutrition in Egypt and other developing countries with large social protection programs.

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths

Author : Karl A. Gschneidner
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780444515872
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (158 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths by : Karl A. Gschneidner

Download or read book Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths written by Karl A. Gschneidner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-09 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the Handbook adds five new chapters to the science of rare earths. Two of the chapters deal with intermetallic compounds. An overview of ternary systems containing rare earths, transition metals and indium - Chapter 218 - opens the volume. It is followed by Chapter 219 sorting out relationships between superconductivity and magnetism. The next two chapters are dedicated to complex compounds of rare earths: Chapter 220 describes structural studies using circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy of lanthanide systems, while Chapter 221 examines rare-earth metal-organic frameworks, also known as coordination polymers. The final Chapter 222 deals with the catalytic activity of rare earths in site-selective hydrolysis of DNA and RNA. Ya. Kalychak, V. Zaremba, R. Pöttgen, M. Lukachuk, and R.-D. Hoffmann review the synthesis conditions, isothermal sections of phase diagrams, crystallography and basic physical properties of ternary intermetallic compounds consisting of the rare-earth metals, transition metals and indium. P. Thalmeier and G. Zwicknagl revisit the last decade of research uncovering some of the mysteries of the superconducting state, especially those related to heavy fermion superconductivity and the co-existence of the superconducting and exotic magnetically ordered states. J. P. Riehl and G. Muller review how the molecular stereochemistry of lanthanide complexes both in pure forms and in mixtures can be probed using circularly polarized luminescence. O. Guillou and C. Daiguebonne assess rare earth-containing metal-organic frameworks, also known as coordination polymers, which hold a potential as working bodies for opto-electronic and magnetic devices, microporous materials for a variety of uses, such as size- and shape-selective separations, catalyst support and hydrogen storage materials. Concluding the volume, M. Komiyama argues that future biotechnology may well rely on the use of rare-earth ions as unique catalysts that can slice DNA and RNA in order to allow their reprogramming, and thus lead to more effective bioengineered processes.

SNAP Matters

Author : Judith Bartfeld
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804796874
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis SNAP Matters by : Judith Bartfeld

Download or read book SNAP Matters written by Judith Bartfeld and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-25 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1963, President Kennedy proposed making permanent a small pilot project called the Food Stamp Program (FSP). By 2013, the program's fiftieth year, more than one in seven Americans received benefits at a cost of nearly $80 billion. Renamed the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in 2008, it currently faces sharp political pressure, but the social science research necessary to guide policy is still nascent. In SNAP Matters, Judith Bartfeld, Craig Gundersen, Timothy M. Smeeding, and James P. Ziliak bring together top scholars to begin asking and answering the questions that matter. For example, what are the antipoverty effects of SNAP? Does SNAP cause obesity? Or does it improve nutrition and health more broadly? To what extent does SNAP work in tandem with other programs, such as school breakfast and lunch? Overall, the volume concludes that SNAP is highly responsive to macroeconomic pressures and is one of the most effective antipoverty programs in the safety net, but the volume also encourages policymakers, students, and researchers to continue examining this major pillar of social assistance in America.

Food Insecurity and Public Health

Author : Louise Ivers
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498760279
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Food Insecurity and Public Health by : Louise Ivers

Download or read book Food Insecurity and Public Health written by Louise Ivers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affecting more than 800 million people, food insecurity is a global problem that runs deeper than hunger and undernutrition. In addition to the obvious impact on physical well-being, food insecurity can result in risky coping strategies, increased expenditures on medical costs or transportation, and mental health issues. A review of the concepts an

The Gap Symmetry and Fluctuations in High-Tc Superconductors

Author : Julien Bok
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306470810
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gap Symmetry and Fluctuations in High-Tc Superconductors by : Julien Bok

Download or read book The Gap Symmetry and Fluctuations in High-Tc Superconductors written by Julien Bok and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-07 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery in 1986 of high temperature superconductors by J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, a considerable progress has been made and several important scientific problems have emerged. Within this NATO Advanced Study Institute our intention was to focus mainly on the controversial topic of the symmetry of the superconducting gap and given the very short coherence length, the role of fluctuations. The Institute on ‘The Gap Symmetry and Fluctuations in High- Superconductors’ took place in the “Institut d’Etudes Scientifiques de Cargèse” in Corsica, France, between 1 - 13 September 1997. The 110 participantsfrom 18 countries (yet 30 nationalities) including 23 full time lecturers, have spent two memorable weeks in this charming Mediterranean resort. All lecturers were asked to prepare pedagogical papers to clearly present the central physical idea behind specific model or experiment. The better understanding of physics of high temperature superconductivity is certainly needed to guide the development of applications of these materials in high and weak current devices.

3D Parametric Intensity Models for the Localization of 3D Anatomical Point Landmarks and 3D Segmentation of Human Vessels

Author : Stefan Wörz
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9783898382991
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (829 download)

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Book Synopsis 3D Parametric Intensity Models for the Localization of 3D Anatomical Point Landmarks and 3D Segmentation of Human Vessels by : Stefan Wörz

Download or read book 3D Parametric Intensity Models for the Localization of 3D Anatomical Point Landmarks and 3D Segmentation of Human Vessels written by Stefan Wörz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Economic Aspects of Obesity

Author : Michael Grossman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226310108
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Aspects of Obesity by : Michael Grossman

Download or read book Economic Aspects of Obesity written by Michael Grossman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past three decades, the number of obese adults in the United States has doubled and the number of obese children almost tripled, which may lead to increased medical expenditures, productivity loss, and stress on the health care system. Economic analysis now shows that weight gain is the result of individual choices in response to economic environments and demonstrates that incentives can influence individual behaviors affecting weight. Determinants are varied and include year- and area-specific food prices, availability of food outlets and recreational facilities, health insurance, and minimum wage levels. Timely and important, Economic Aspects of Obesity provides a strong foundation for evaluating the costs and benefits of various proposals designed to control obesity rates.

Selected Papers of J. Robert Schrieffer

Author : John Robert Schrieffer
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789812380791
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Selected Papers of J. Robert Schrieffer by : John Robert Schrieffer

Download or read book Selected Papers of J. Robert Schrieffer written by John Robert Schrieffer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents papers by theoretical physicist J. Robert Schrieffer on topics in superconductivity and condensed matter physics.

Advances in Chemical Physics

Author : Ilya Prigogine
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471461490
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Chemical Physics by : Ilya Prigogine

Download or read book Advances in Chemical Physics written by Ilya Prigogine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-14 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest edition of the leading forum in chemical physics Edited by Nobel Prize winner Ilya Prigogine and renowned authority Stuart A. Rice. The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations in every area of the discipline. In a format that encourages the expression of individual points of view, experts in the field present comprehensive analyses of subjects of interest. This stand-alone, special topics volume reports recent advances in electron-transfer research, with significant, up-to-date chapters by internationally recognized researchers. Volume 123 collects innovative papers on "Transition Path Sampling," "Dynamics of Chemical Reactions and Chaos," "The Role of Self Similarity in Renormalization Group Theory," and several other related topics. Advances in Chemical Physics remains the premier venue for presentations of new findings in its field.

Judgment After Arendt

Author : Max Deutscher
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131711017X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Judgment After Arendt by : Max Deutscher

Download or read book Judgment After Arendt written by Max Deutscher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judgment After Arendt is both the first full-length study of Hannah Arendt's The Life of the Mind and, at the same time, a philosophical work on the core concepts of thinking, willing and judging. Comprised of Thinking and Willing, her final and most sustained philosophical project, Arendt's work is framed by the 'thought-less' Adolf Eichmann whose 'banality' of mind in committing evil she observed at his trial in Jerusalem. Arendt's project, cut short by her death, was to have included Judgment. Without judgment, she argued, a life of thought and of will can still collude with evil. In analysing Arendt's work Deutscher develops this theme of judgment and shows how, by drawing upon literature, history, myth and idiom, Arendt contributes significantly to contemporary philosophy.

Interacting Systems Far from Equilibrium

Author : Klaus Morawetz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198797249
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Interacting Systems Far from Equilibrium by : Klaus Morawetz

Download or read book Interacting Systems Far from Equilibrium written by Klaus Morawetz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an up-to-date formalism of non-equilibrium Green's functions covering different applications ranging from solid state physics, plasma physics, cold atoms in optical lattices up to relativistic transport and heavy ion collisions. Within the Green's function formalism, the basic sets of equations for these diverse systems are similar, and approximations developed in one field can be adapted to another field. The central object is the self-energy which includes all non-trivial aspects of the system dynamics. The focus is therefore on microscopic processes starting from elementary principles for classical gases and the complementary picture of a single quantum particle in a random potential. This provides an intuitive picture of the interaction of a particle with the medium formed by other particles, on which the Green's function is built on.

Advances In Theoretical And Experimental Research Of High Temperature Cuprate Superconductivity

Author : Rushan Han
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813271183
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances In Theoretical And Experimental Research Of High Temperature Cuprate Superconductivity by : Rushan Han

Download or read book Advances In Theoretical And Experimental Research Of High Temperature Cuprate Superconductivity written by Rushan Han and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is indexed in Chemical Abstracts ServiceResearchers working at the frontier of high-Tc Superconductors have reviewed the development in this area in the past 20 years. Both experimental and theoretical aspects have been covered. New directions and possible theoretical models were suggested. The contributors of this book are from China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CCAST); Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); National Lab for Superconductivity, Institute of Physics, CAS; School of Physics, Peking University and Center of Advanced Study Tsinghua University.This volume will be a useful guide to those who are working in the field.