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The Use Of Extended Wear Contact Lenses In The Aviation Environment An Army Wide Study
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Book Synopsis The Use of Extended Wear Contact Lenses in the Aviation Environment: An Army-wide Study by :
Download or read book The Use of Extended Wear Contact Lenses in the Aviation Environment: An Army-wide Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard refractive error correction options for the M-43 protective mask have proven to be incompatible with the Helmet Display Unit (HDU) component of the AH-64 Apache Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS). Glue-on and outsert packages push the HDU, a Maxwellian- view virtual imaging system, far enough from the spectacle-, earing aviator's eye to significantly reduce the available field-of-view. Consequently, portions of critical peripheral instrumentation and weapon system overlays cannot be visualized. In November 1988, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) initiated the AH-64 contact lens research protocol to provide both an interim readiness fix and to develop a comprehensive database on contact lens wear in a variety of environments. The protocol was organized from three perspectives with concerns directed toward operational and flight safety, ocular health, and corneal physiology issues, and concluded at the end of September 1991. Fundamental operational and safety data were chronicled, along with written questionnaires, to assess subjective effectiveness of routine contact lens use. ocular health complications were collated from the aviation medicine, optometric, and ophthalmological communities. Clinical and physiological data were gathered by one USAARL optometrist, and two contract civilian optometrists and their supporting technicians.
Author :Working Group on Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 : Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis contact lens use under adverse conditions by : Working Group on Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions
Download or read book contact lens use under adverse conditions written by Working Group on Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soft (Hydrophilic) Contact Lenses in U.S. Army Aviation: An Investigative Study of the Bausch and Lomb Soflens (Trade Mark). by : John K. Crosley
Download or read book Soft (Hydrophilic) Contact Lenses in U.S. Army Aviation: An Investigative Study of the Bausch and Lomb Soflens (Trade Mark). written by John K. Crosley and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of standard acrylic or 'hard' contact lenses has been relatively unsuccessful in the military aviation environment, particularly when worn by personnel flying rotary wing aircraft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of one type of hydrophilic lens to U.S. Army aviation. Nineteen volunteer helicopter pilots served as subjects and three specific areas were investigated. These were: clinical procedures, foreign body involvement, and the effect of extended (72 hours) continuous wear. The results indicate that the Soflens offers certain advantages over acrylic lenses for this specialized application. There were, however, distinct problems encountered which may be lessened with the introduction of new lens materials and asepticizing techniques. (Author).
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine by :
Download or read book Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The DTIC Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions by : National Research Council
Download or read book Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes current understanding of the scientific, clinical, and technical issues surrounding the use of contact lenses. It discusses the special occupational conditions experienced by military personnel, particularly in extreme environments, that give rise to the question of whether or not to use contact lenses. Experts in optometry, ophthalmology, visual psychophysics, and engineering describe recent developments in design and use; and representatives of the military services provide examples of actual situations in aerospace settings. Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions will be of particular interest to those involved in the design of contact lenses and those responsible for occupational safety and health matters in the private sector.
Book Synopsis The Use of Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses in the Fort Rucker Aviation Environment by :
Download or read book The Use of Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses in the Fort Rucker Aviation Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are problems with the compatibility of spectacles and certain helmet mounted electro-optical visual display systems. The incompatibility has been partially resolved with single vision contact lenses. However, these contact lenses have not helped senior aviators, who must wear bifocal glasses due to their presbyopia. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of bifocal soft contact lenses with that of bifocal spectacle lenses to determine if contact lenses are an option for helping older aviators meet the visual requirements needed to fly military aircraft. Seventeen volunteer presbyopic aviators from Fort Rucker were fitted with five bifocal soft contact lens combinations and bifocal glasses. A four-phase investigation was conducted: a clinical phase involving the fitting of the bifocal contact lenses; a laboratory phase involving measurements of visual functions; a simulator phase involving measures of visual performance in simulated flight conditions; and an operational phase consisting of subjective responses regarding in-flight use of bifocal contact lenses. In general, vision in the best performing bifocal contact lenses typically was slightly reduced from vision in bifocal spectacles. The amount of the reduction, and whether it was clinically significant, depended on the refractive error of the subject (myopes generally performed better), the add group of the subject (low add group subjects performed better), and the type of bifocal contact lens. Aviators performed flight simulation maneuvers better in bifocal contact lenses than in bifocal glasses, and they evaluated their own ease of vision while performing aviation duties to be much easier in bifocal contact lenses than in bifocal glasses. In actual flight operations, each aviator preferred bifocal contact lenses over bifocal spectacles. Bifocal soft contact lenses are an acceptable.
Book Synopsis Resource Utilization and Development by : Shri Kamal Sharma
Download or read book Resource Utilization and Development written by Shri Kamal Sharma and published by Northern Book Centre. This book was released on 1992 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between resources and development is the pivot around which the present study revolves. Focussing on the process of resource creation and utilization it emphasizes the need of equitable development integrating local needs, resources, people and functions. The resource exploitation and their utilization are two independent economic activities influenced by different algorithms and usually have manifested in core-periphery relationship. Reviews the persistent problems of economic development in perspective of exploitation of natural resources with the objective to provide some clues for occurrence and persistence of regional disparities and for suggesting a development model synchronising both the resource management and environmental protection.
Book Synopsis Contact Lenses in the U.S. Army Attack Helicopter Environment by :
Download or read book Contact Lenses in the U.S. Army Attack Helicopter Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent technological advances have had a major impact on military aviation. While modern methods of providing visual information via electro- optics/visionics systems have extended the aviator's operational envelope, these devices are becoming increasingly incompatible with spectacle wear. Since approximately 20 percent of Army aviators are ametropic (spectacle wearing), alternative means of providing a refractive error correction need to be investigated. One alternative being considered is the use of a contact lens correction. For the past year, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) has been conducting a worldwide, AH-64 Apache contact lens research project in order to develop a comprehensive database on contact lens wear in a variety of environments. A three-tier contact lens fitting system is being used: two different types of soft lens and one rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens type. The wearing schedule is set at a maximum of 7 days/6 nights of extended lens wear. Fundamental operational data is being chronicled by unit flight surgeons.
Book Synopsis United States Army Aviation Digest by :
Download or read book United States Army Aviation Digest written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Operational Evaluation of Extended-Wear Soft Contact Lenses in an Armored Division by : William G. Bachman
Download or read book An Operational Evaluation of Extended-Wear Soft Contact Lenses in an Armored Division written by William G. Bachman and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and military effectiveness of wearing contact lenses in an operational armor environment. Male volunteers from eight battalions of an armored division at Fort Hood were extended-wear soft contact lenses (SCL's) or spectacles for up to six months. During this period, physiological and subjective measures were obtained, along with logistical and personnel support information. Three types of SCL's were worn: high, medium and low water content lenses. Subjects followed their normal training schedule in garrison and on training ranges. Seventy-four percent of those successfully fitted with SCL's wore their lenses for the duration of the study, when administrative losses were factored out. More than a third of the SCL wearers experienced one or more ocular conditions requiring at least a temporary suspension of lens wear. A large majority of contact lens wearers indicated that SCL's improved their vision and job performance. These results represent the beginning of a database intended to address a variety of operational settings, environmental factors and job demands.
Book Synopsis The Use of Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses in the Fort Rucker Aviation Environment by : Stephen E. Morse
Download or read book The Use of Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses in the Fort Rucker Aviation Environment written by Stephen E. Morse and published by . This book was released on 1997-08-01 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are problems with the compatibility of spectacles and certain helmet mounted electro-optical visual display systems. The incompatibility has been partially resolved with single vision contact lenses. However, these contact lenses have not helped senior aviators, who must wear bifocal glasses due to their presbyopia. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of bifocal soft contact lenses with that of bifocal spectacle lenses to determine if contact lenses are an option for helping older aviators meet the visual requirements needed to fly military aircraft. Seventeen volunteer presbyopic aviators from Fort Rucker were fitted with five bifocal soft contact lens combinations and bifocal glasses. A four-phase investigation was conducted: a clinical phase involving the fitting of the bifocal contact lenses; a laboratory phase involving measurements of visual functions; a simulator phase involving measures of visual performance in simulated flight conditions; and an operational phase consisting of subjective responses regarding in-flight use of bifocal contact lenses. In general, vision in the best performing bifocal contact lenses typically was slightly reduced from vision in bifocal spectacles. The amount of the reduction, and whether it was clinically significant, depended on the refractive error of the subject (myopes generally performed better), the add group of the subject (low add group subjects performed better), and the type of bifocal contact lens. Aviators performed flight simulation maneuvers better in bifocal contact lenses than in bifocal glasses, and they evaluated their own ease of vision while performing aviation duties to be much easier in bifocal contact lenses than in bifocal glasses. In actual flight operations, each aviator preferred bifocal contact lenses over bifocal spectacles. Bifocal soft contact lenses are an acceptable
Book Synopsis A Field Study on Soft Contact Lens Wear in USAF Military Transport Aircraft by : Richard J. Dennis
Download or read book A Field Study on Soft Contact Lens Wear in USAF Military Transport Aircraft written by Richard J. Dennis and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contact lens wear as an alternative to spectacles for the correction of refractive errors in USAF aircrewmembers remains a controversial issue. Military transport aircrew must contend with reduced oxygen levels (typical cabin pressures of 5,000 to 8,000 ft), low relative humidity (10-15%), cigarette smoke, and fatigue and stress on long missions. Ten subjects wearing soft contact lenses and 6 control subjects not wearing contact lenses were evaluated visually and with a slit lamp onboard a C-5 aircraft on a routine mission to PACAF. Soft contact lens wearers noted no significant loss of visual acuity or contrast sensitivity during the flights. Some measures of corneal physiological stress (conjunctival injection, tear debris, etc.) were evaluated in both contact lens wearers and controls. Lens dehydration from the low relative humidity may have been the primary cause of the corneal physiological stress in the contact lens wearers. The results indicate that although there are increased physiological stresses on the cornea in the aircraft environment, there was not sufficient degradation in visual performance or lens comfort to preclude soft contact lens wear in military transport aircraft. Keywords: Soft contact lens, Aviation, Altitude, Cornea, Relative humidity, Visual acuity, Contrast sensitivity. (KT).
Book Synopsis Military Research with Contact Lenses by : Roger W. Wiley
Download or read book Military Research with Contact Lenses written by Roger W. Wiley and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preliminary Evaluation of Visual and Flight Performance of Three Current Multifocal Contact Lens Designs for Presbyopic U.S. Army Aviators by :
Download or read book Preliminary Evaluation of Visual and Flight Performance of Three Current Multifocal Contact Lens Designs for Presbyopic U.S. Army Aviators written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Army aviators have been authorized to wear contact lenses for aviation duties with special waiver since 1991. The authorized contact lens modality is the single-vision soft contact lens that corrects for 20/20 distance and near. As aviators become presbyopic, they often have to return to bifocal spectacle wear or readers over their distance contact lenses in order to complete their aviation duties. Spectacles introduce interface problems with head-mounted displays and night vision goggles. This pilot study evaluated the potential utility of multifocal contact lenses to provide adequate visual and flight performance for presbyopic aviators. Bifocal spectacles or readers provide better levels of visual performance than any of the three multifocal contact lenses evaluated. Flight performance in a UH-60 simulator under daytime conditions was not decremented with the multifocal contact lenses evaluated in this study; however, this study did not evaluate night flight, interface with head-mounted displays or night vision goggle flight performance. Studies specific to the Apache flight environment are being considered since visual performance remained within norms and Apache pilots are faced with greater interface problems with bifocal spectacles and head-mounted displays and protection mask configurations than pilots in other aviation platforms. Many Apache pilots have been permanently Wounded or converted to other platforms due to the onset of presbyopia and spectacle compatibility issues in the cockpit Multifocal contact lenses, when fit to specific parameters, may be an option under special circumstances where spectacles would lead to reduced performance.
Book Synopsis Preliminary Evaluation of Visual and Flight Performance of Three Current Multifocal Contact Lens Designs for Presbyopic US Army Aviators by :
Download or read book Preliminary Evaluation of Visual and Flight Performance of Three Current Multifocal Contact Lens Designs for Presbyopic US Army Aviators written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Army aviators have been authorized to wear contact lenses for aviation duties with special waiver since 1991. The authorized contact lens modality is the single-vision soft contact lens that corrects for 20/20 distance and near. As aviators become presbyopic, they often have to return to bifocal spectacle wear or readers over their distance contact lenses in order to complete their aviation duties. Spectacles introduce interface problems with head-mounted displays and night vision goggles. This pilot study evaluated the potential utility of multifocal contact lenses to provide adequate visual and flight performance for presbyopic aviators. Bifocal spectacles or readers provide better levels of visual performance than any of the three multifocal contact lenses evaluated. Flight performance in a UH-60 simulator under daytime conditions was not decremented with the multifocal contact lenses evaluated in this study; however, this study did not evaluate night flight, interface with head-mounted displays or night vision goggle flight performance. Studies specific to the Apache flight environment are being considered since visual performance remained within norms and Apache pilots are faced with greater interface problems with bifocal spectacles and head-mounted displays and protection mask configurations than pilots in other aviation platforms. Many Apache pilots have been permanently Wounded or converted to other platforms due to the onset of presbyopia and spectacle compatibility issues in the cockpit Multifocal contact lenses, when fit to specific parameters, may be an option under special circumstances where spectacles would lead to reduced performance.
