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The Use Of Coated Micropowders To Reduce Radiation Heat Transfer In Foam Insulation
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Book Synopsis The Use of Coated Micropowders to Reduce Radiation Heat Transfer in Foam Insulation by : Arlene Lanciani Marge
Download or read book The Use of Coated Micropowders to Reduce Radiation Heat Transfer in Foam Insulation written by Arlene Lanciani Marge and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyurethane foam is the most effective insulation currently available for buildings. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) blowing agents, which have low thermal conductivities, contribute highly to the effectiveness of this insulation. However, CFC blowing agents are being phased out because they are depleting the earth's protective ozone layer. Alternate blowing agents, with higher thermal conductivities, will compromise the insulating value of the foam insulation. To counteract this effect, the author has sought to improve the effectiveness of foam insulation by increasing its extinction coefficient. In this work, theoretical analysis and experimental measurements have been used to study and increase the extinction coefficient of polyurethane foam insulation. Radiative heat transfer, which accounts for approximately 25% of the total heat transfer through foams, is inversely proportionate to the extinction coefficient. Foam cell walls presently have a transmissivity of about 80% to infrared radiation. The extinction coefficient of foams can be improved by decreasing the cell sizes or by increasing the absorptivity of the foam cell walls. The approach of this work has been to increase the cell wall opacity through the addition of opaque micropowders. Conduction through the solid polymer is of the same magnitude as the radiative transfer, also accounting for approximately 25% of the heat transfer of the foam. To maintain the low thermal conductivity of the polymer, the micropowders added to reduce radiative transfer through the foam must not change its characteristic conductivity. Polymer micropowders with thermally opaque coatings of graphite have been developed in this work using core micropowders with diameters between 8 and 30 [mu]m. Theory predicts that the smaller the particle size, the larger the resulting improvement in extinction coefficient. The coatings required for opacity are less than 0.1 [mu]m thick, composing less than 7% of the overall volume of the powder. The extinction coefficients of the coated micropowders have been experimentally derived and agree well with analytical predictions. These coated micropowders have been added to foams with the goal of increasing their extinction coefficients. The resulting foams indeed demonstrate improved extinction coefficients when compared to a powderless control foam. This improvement results both from reduction in cell size and increased cell wall opacity. The resulting effective conductivities of the foams have been decreased by as much as 6% through the addition of these relatively large micropowders. These results correlate well with predicted values and indicate that the addition of smaller particles will result in even more improvement.
Book Synopsis Low density cellular plastics by : N.C. Hilyard
Download or read book Low density cellular plastics written by N.C. Hilyard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foams are gas filled integral structures in which the gas is finely dispersed throughout acontinuouslyconnected solid phase. The bulk density is usually substantially lower than that of the solid component, and for the foams which form the focus for this book the volume fraction of the gas phase is considerably greater than 0.5 and in most instances in excess of 0.9. Many ofthe materials encountered in every day experience, such as bread, plants and trees, structural materials for buildings, comfort materials for domestic and automotive seating, shock absorbers or car bumpers and materials for noise control, have one thing in common - the cellular nature of their physical structure. Whyare thesestructuressoimportantin the naturaland man-made world? The reasons are both technical and commercial. From a technical viewpoint cellular materials offer: 1. high specific stiffness and strength - making them suitable for structural applications; 2. closeto idealenergymanagement - hencetheir useinthermalandacoustic insulation, vibration damping, acoustic absorption and shock mitigation; and 3. comfort - hence their use for domestic and automotive seating.
Book Synopsis The Use of Small Cells to Reduce Radiation Heat Transfer in Foam Insulation by : Mark David Mozgowiec
Download or read book The Use of Small Cells to Reduce Radiation Heat Transfer in Foam Insulation written by Mark David Mozgowiec and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developments in Radiative Heat Transfer by : S. T. Thynell
Download or read book Developments in Radiative Heat Transfer written by S. T. Thynell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 36 (thesis year 1991) a total of 11,024 thesis titles from 23 Canadian and 161 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 36 reports theses submitted in 1991, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Book Synopsis Reflective Coating on Fibrous Insulation for Reduced Heat Transfer by :
Download or read book Reflective Coating on Fibrous Insulation for Reduced Heat Transfer written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722727000 Total Pages :24 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (27 download)
Book Synopsis Reflective Coating on Fibrous Insulation for Reduced Heat Transfer by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Reflective Coating on Fibrous Insulation for Reduced Heat Transfer written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiative heat transfer through fibrous insulation used in thermal protection systems (TPS) is significant at high temperatures (1200 C). Decreasing the radiative heat transfer through the fibrous insulation can thus have a major impact on the insulating ability of the TPS. Reflective coatings applied directly to the individual fibers in fibrous insulation should decrease the radiative heat transfer leading to an insulation with decreased effective thermal conductivity. Coatings with high infrared reflectance have been developed using sol-gel techniques. Using this technique, uniform coatings can be applied to fibrous insulation without an appreciable increase in insulation weight or density. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry have been performed to evaluate coating performance. Hass, Derek D. and Prasad, B. Durga and Glass, David E. and Wiedemann, Karl E. Langley Research Center NAS1-19708; RTOP 242-33-01...
Book Synopsis Method and Apparatus for Improving the Insulating Properties of Closed Cell Foam by :
Download or read book Method and Apparatus for Improving the Insulating Properties of Closed Cell Foam written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A filler of non-metallic, light transparent material is formed into particles or flakes and coated with opaque material and dispersed in closed cell foam to reduce overall thermal conductivity and, specifically, to reduce radiation heat transfer.
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : W. H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by W. H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 36 reports (for thesis year 1991) a total of 11,024 thesis titles from 23 Canadian and 161 US universities. The organization of the volume, as in past years, consists of thesis titles arranged by discipline, and by university within each discipline. The titles are contributed by any and all a
Book Synopsis A Review of Techniques for Improved Foam Conductivity by : M. Burke
Download or read book A Review of Techniques for Improved Foam Conductivity written by M. Burke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To comply with international agreement closed cell polyurethane and polyisocyanerate foams must be made with blowing agents which minimize ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Candidate blowing agents have higher vapor conductivities resulting in lower R values for the foams. This paper reviews recent results of research at M.I.T. sponsored by the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency to find means to recover high R values. Use of small opaque particles or smaller foam cells reduces the radiative transfer in foams which is usually one third of the total heat transfer at standard conditions. The thermal aging of foams made with new blowing agents is a function of the permeability which has been measured for several new materials. The rate of aging can be reduced by proper use of diffusion barriers on the foam surface. The inclusion of vacuum elements in foam should increase the overall R value. A key problem is to find packaging materials for the vacuum elements which preserve the vacuum over the insulation life while not causing substantial secondary heat transfer around the circumference of the element.
Download or read book The Engineering Index Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 2264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its creation in 1884, Engineering Index has covered virtually every major engineering innovation from around the world. It serves as the historical record of virtually every major engineering innovation of the 20th century. Recent content is a vital resource for current awareness, new production information, technological forecasting and competitive intelligence. The world?s most comprehensive interdisciplinary engineering database, Engineering Index contains over 10.7 million records. Each year, over 500,000 new abstracts are added from over 5,000 scholarly journals, trade magazines, and conference proceedings. Coverage spans over 175 engineering disciplines from over 80 countries. Updated weekly.
Book Synopsis Cellular and Porous Materials by : Andreas Öchsner
Download or read book Cellular and Porous Materials written by Andreas Öchsner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing the reader with a solid understanding of the fundamentals as well as an awareness of recent advances in properties and applications of cellular and porous materials, this handbook and ready reference covers all important analytical and numerical methods for characterizing and predicting thermal properties. In so doing it directly addresses the special characteristics of foam-like and hole-riddled materials, combining theoretical and experimental aspects for characterization purposes.
Book Synopsis Chemical Tradename Dictionary by : Michael Ash
Download or read book Chemical Tradename Dictionary written by Michael Ash and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-12-17 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This key reference will serve as the most comprehensive source for identifying and locating products in the international chemical marketplace. It has been written for the chemists, materials sientists, end-product formulators, industrial application specialists and scientists working in associated fields.
Book Synopsis Technology of Fluoropolymers by : Jiri George Drobny
Download or read book Technology of Fluoropolymers written by Jiri George Drobny and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-19 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully revised and updated, this second edition continues to provide industrial chemists, technologists, and engineers with the most accurate, compact, and practical source on fluoropolymers (such as Teflon). Highlighting new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and
Book Synopsis Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer: The blackbody, electromagnetic theory, and material properties by : Robert Siegel
Download or read book Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer: The blackbody, electromagnetic theory, and material properties written by Robert Siegel and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plastics in Medical Devices by : Vinny R. Sastri
Download or read book Plastics in Medical Devices written by Vinny R. Sastri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No book has been published that gives a detailed description of all the types of plastic materials used in medical devices, the unique requirements that the materials need to comply with and the ways standard plastics can be modified to meet such needs. This book will start with an introduction to medical devices, their classification and some of the regulations (both US and global) that affect their design, production and sale. A couple of chapters will focus on all the requirements that plastics need to meet for medical device applications. The subsequent chapters describe the various types of plastic materials, their properties profiles, the advantages and disadvantages for medical device applications, the techniques by which their properties can be enhanced, and real-world examples of their use. Comparative tables will allow readers to find the right classes of materials suitable for their applications or new product development needs.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Fluoropolymers by : Sina Ebnesajjad
Download or read book Introduction to Fluoropolymers written by Sina Ebnesajjad and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Fluoropolymers demystifies fluoropolymers for a wide audience of designers, engineers, sales staff and managers. This important group of high-performance polymers has applications across a wide range of market sectors, including automotive, aerospace, medical devices, high performance apparel, oil & gas, renewable energy / solar photovoltaics, electronics / semiconductor, pharmaceuticals, and chemical processing. Dr. Ebnesajjad covers the history and applications of a wide variety of materials, including expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride polymers and fluoroelastomers, just to name a few. Properties and applications are illustrated by real-world examples as diverse as waterproof clothing, vascular grafts and coatings for aircraft interiors. The different applications of fluoropolymers show the benefits of a group of materials that are highly water-repellant and flame-retardant, with unrivalled lubrication properties and a high level of biocompatibility. Health and safety and environmental aspects are also covered throughout the book. Demystifies fluoropolymers for a broad audience of engineers in areas such as product design and manufacturing, as well as for non-engineers such as technical sales and management professionals Explains the potential of fluoropolymers for a wide range of applications across sectors such as aerospace, energy and medical devices Ideal for both recently qualified engineers and engineers with limited experience of fluoropolymers
