The U.S.-Egypt Military Relationship

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538182912
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis The U.S.-Egypt Military Relationship by : Col. David M. Witty

Download or read book The U.S.-Egypt Military Relationship written by Col. David M. Witty and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-08-07 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Egypt-Israel peace treaty was signed in 1979, Washington has given Cairo more than $50 billion in military grant aid. But a strong military relationship has raised as many questions as it has answered: about the ethics of working with an increasingly harsh authoritarian government; about the partnership’s success in achieving American interests in the region; about the Egyptian military’s willingness to reform; and about whether conditioned aid can spur political change. Correspondingly, the post–Arab Spring years have seen rough patches, caused by U.S. limitations on military aid following the 2013 overthrow of Mohamed Morsi, America’s chafing at Egyptian human rights abuses, and Cairo’s eventual turn toward less restrictive partners such as Moscow and Paris for military supplies.

The U.S.-Egypt Military Relationship

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (854 download)

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Book Synopsis The U.S.-Egypt Military Relationship by : David Witty

Download or read book The U.S.-Egypt Military Relationship written by David Witty and published by . This book was released on 2022-05-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Egypt-Israel peace treaty was signed in 1979, Washington has given Cairo more than $50 billion in military grant aid. But a strong military relationship has raised as many questions as it has answered: about the ethics of working with an authoritarian government that has grown ever harsher under President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi; about the partnership's success in achieving American interests in the region; about the Egyptian military's willingness to reform; and about whether conditioned aid can spur political reform. In turn, the last several years have seen rough patches in the arrangement, caused by U.S. restrictions on military aid following the 2013 overthrow of Mohamed Morsi, America's chafing at Egyptian human rights abuses, and Cairo's eventual turn toward other partners, namely Moscow, for military supplies. In this volume, David M. Witty-a retired U.S. Army Special Forces colonel and foreign area officer-probes the complexities of the U.S.-Egypt military dynamic before proposing that Washington base its future ties on shared security interests, including maintenance of the Egypt-Israel peace treaty, permission for U.S. transit of Egyptian waterways and airspace, and overall regional stability.

Forging a New Defense Relationship with Egypt

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Forging a New Defense Relationship with Egypt by : United States. General Accounting Office

Download or read book Forging a New Defense Relationship with Egypt written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship by : Gregory L. Aftandilian

Download or read book Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship written by Gregory L. Aftandilian and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: administration officials should not oppose congressional conditions tying aid to democratic norms because it signals U.S. support for democracy. The United States should continue to speak out for free and fair elections and other international norms, but should avoid commentating on the role of religion and Islamic law in the Egyptian Constitution. Helping the Egyptian military deal with the extremist threat in the Sinai, which the United States has already offered, should also be continued. The U.S. Army should continue to advocate for military-to-military contacts, encourage their Egyptian counterparts to continue to attend U.S. professional military educational institutions, engage with Egyptian counterparts on regional threat assessments, and advocate for a reactivation of the Bright Star exercises. What U.S.

Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781304049599
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship by : Gregory L.. Aftandilian

Download or read book Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship written by Gregory L.. Aftandilian and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Future of U.S.-Egyptian Relations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of U.S.-Egyptian Relations by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia

Download or read book The Future of U.S.-Egyptian Relations written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Egypt

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437922872
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt by : Jeremy M. Sharp

Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Contents: (1) Turning a Page in U.S.-Egyptian Relations?: U.S. Co. Loses Egyptian Nuclear Contract; (2) Historical Background: Egypt During the Colonial Era; The Constitutional Monarchy and the British; Nasser and Egypt During the Cold War; Egypt-Israeli Peace; The Camp David Agreement and 1979 Peace Treaty; Egypt Under Mubarak; (3) Regime Structure; (4) Political Opposition and Civil Society; (5) Current Issues in U.S.-Egyptian Relations: Egypt¿s Regional Role; Isolating Hamas; The 2008-09 Israel-Hamas War in Gaza; Smuggling Tunnels; The Release of Gilad Shalit?; Hezbollah Cell in Egypt; The Economy and U.S-Egyptian Trade; Human Rights, Religious Freedom, and Women¿s Rights; (6) U.S. Foreign Assistance. Map and table.

Egypt

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781545197035
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt by : Jeremy M. Sharp

Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving president Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor amid popular demands. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. The Obama Administration first suspended and then recast U.S. assistance for Egypt after 2013, with Congress enacting legislation placing evolving conditions on continued U.S. aid. During the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, then-candidate Trump attempted to differentiate his approach to Egypt from then-President Obama by personally praising Sisi and vowing to strengthen the bilateral relationship if elected. Some observers express concern that any improvement in U.S.-Egyptian ties may come at the expense of human rights in Egypt. Egypt's economy remains weak, the government faces significant fiscal challenges, and campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence by various groups threaten the country's security. Reports in the Egyptian media indicate that the Sisi administration is seeking, among other things, a restoration of certain major U.S. defense equipment sales to Egypt, an overall increase in U.S. aid to Egypt, and a U.S. designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization. The Trump Administration may want Egypt to improve its counterterrorism and counter-insurgency efforts in the Sinai Peninsula, participate in a new international military coalition of Arab states, and play a more active role in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Between 1948 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $77.4 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation), including $1.3 billion a year in military aid from 1987 to the present. This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors. President Obama requested that Congress appropriate $1.3 billion in FY2017 military assistance and $150 million in FY2017 economic aid for Egypt. Foreign Operations appropriations legislation considered in the 114th Congress (H.R. 5912 and S. 3117) would have provided the requested military assistance, with the Senate version of the bill providing $75 million in economic aid and including the FY2016 appropriations act's withholding of 15% of FMF for Egypt from obligation until the Secretary of State can certify that Egypt is taking effective steps toward democracy and effective governance, among other things.

Egypt

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (819 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt by : Jeremy Maxwell Sharp

Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy Maxwell Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a brief overview of the key issues for Congress related to Egypt and information on U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. U.S. policy makers have routinely justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running military cooperation and on sustaining the March 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. Successive U.S. Administrations have viewed Egypt's government as generally influencing developments in the Middle East in line with U.S. interests. U.S. policy makers are now grappling with complex questions about the future of U.S.-Egypt relations, and these debates and events in Egypt are shaping consideration of appropriations and authorization legislation in the 112th Congress.

Egypt

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781986393829
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (938 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt by : Congressional Service

Download or read book Egypt written by Congressional Service and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-10 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. Administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty.U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving President Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor, Muhammad Morsi, amid popular demands.Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. President Trump has sought to improve U.S. relations with Egypt, which were perceived as strained under President Obama. Nevertheless, Administration officials have raised concerns about Egypt's new NGO law and the continued detention of American citizens in Egypt.Between 1946 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $78.3 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation). This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors.For FY2018, the President is requesting a total of $1.38 billion in foreign assistance for Egypt, nearly all of which would come from the Foreign Military Financing (FMF) account. The $75 million FY2018 Economic Support and Development Fund (ESDF) request for Egypt is well below prior year appropriations, and Egypt has not received less than $100 million in U.S. economic assistance since the late 1970s.S. 1780, the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, allocates up to $1 billion in FY2018 FMF for Egypt, while stipulating that 25% of that amount (as opposed to 15% in previous annual appropriations legislation) shall be withheld until the Secretary of State certifies and reports to the Committees on Appropriations that the Government of Egypt is taking effective steps to advance democracy and human rights in Egypt. A waiver for this certification is included in the bill. H.R. 3362, the House version of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, would provide $1.3 billion in FMF to Egypt. The bill does not include a withholding of FMF or certification requirement. It does require the Secretary of State to consult with appropriators "on any plan to restructure military assistance for Egypt."

Egypt: Background and U.s. Relations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781497379312
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (793 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt: Background and U.s. Relations by : Jeremy M. Sharp

Download or read book Egypt: Background and U.s. Relations written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and information on U.S. foreign aid to Egypt.The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since thelate 1970s. U.S. policy makers have routinely justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regionalstability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustainingthe March 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. Successive U.S. Administrations have publiclycharacterized Egypt's government as generally influencing developments in the Middle East inline with U.S. interests.U.S. policy makers are now debating complex questions about the future of U.S.-Egypt relations.

Egypt at the Crossroads

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428981187
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt at the Crossroads by : Phebe Marr

Download or read book Egypt at the Crossroads written by Phebe Marr and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Presidential Succession Scenarios in Egypt and Their Impact on U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relations

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Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Presidential Succession Scenarios in Egypt and Their Impact on U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relations by : Gregory L. Aftandilian

Download or read book Presidential Succession Scenarios in Egypt and Their Impact on U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relations written by Gregory L. Aftandilian and published by Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College. This book was released on 2011 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although this monograph was written before the pro-democracy demonstrations in Egypt in January 2011, it examines the important question as to who might succeed President Hosni Mubarak by analyzing several possible scenarios and what they would mean for U.S. strategic relations with Egypt. The monograph first describes the importance of Egypt in the Middle East region and gives an overview of the U.S.-Egyptian strategic relationship. It then examines the power structure in Egypt to include the presidency, the military, and the ruling party. The monograph next explores various succession scenarios. Although some of the scenarios outlined in this monograph are no longer viable--for example, it is highly unlikely President Mubarak will renege on his recent promise not to run for another presidential term or that Gamal Mubarak will now be a presidential contender--other scenarios remain plausible, particularly given what we see as the more prominent role of the Egyptian military in this fluid political situation. In addition, some of the possible presidential successors that the author mentions have now risen to higher positions in the Egyptian government. He also discusses the sensitive issue of the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's most organized opposition group that is opposed to many U.S. policies. He examines a scenario of a Muslim Brotherhood-dominated government, but notes that this is unlikely to occur unless both the Brotherhood and the Egyptian military split apart.

Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship

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Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781502819673
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship by : U.s. Army War College

Download or read book Egypt's New Regime and the Future of the U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relationship written by U.s. Army War College and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, completed in August 2012, analyzes the developments in Egypt from January 2011 to August 2012 and addresses the following questions that are pertinent to U.S. policymakers: How does the United States maintain good relations and preserve its strategic partnership with Egypt under Cairo's new political leadership and the changing political environment in the country? How does it do so while adhering to American values such as supporting democracy even when those coming to power do not share U.S. strategic goals?The book first examines Egypt's strategic importance for the United States by exploring Egypt's role in the Arab-Israeli peace process, its geographical role (providing air and naval access) for U.S. military assets heading to the Persian Gulf, and joint training programs. With so much at stake in the Middle East, “losing” Egypt as a strategic ally would be a significant setback for the United States.The Egyptian revolution of early 2011 was welcomed by U.S. officials because the protestors wanted democratic government, which conformed to U.S. ideals, and the institution that would shepherd the transition, the Egyptian military, had close ties to the United States. However, the transition was marked by many difficulties, including violence by military authorities against protestors, a crackdown on American nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and the military's reluctance to cede real power to civilian authorities. Nonetheless, U.S. officials continued to court the military because they believed it had equities they needed to protect, and they developed relations with the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization that was critical of many U.S. foreign policy goals, because the Brotherhood had emerged as the strongest political organization in the country. In the process, many Egyptian liberals felt slighted by this “two-stop shopping” by high-ranking U.S. officials.The first round of Egypt's presidential elections divided the polity, and the top two vote-getters were a former Mubarak prime minister and a Brotherhood official, both of whom alarmed many Egyptians. When it appeared that the Brotherhood candidate, Mohammed Morsi, won the election in the second round, the Egyptian military hesitated to announce the winner, prompting criticism from the United States. The military relented, but not before issuing declarations that gave itself vast powers and restricted the president's powers. Less than 2 months later, Morsi felt confident enough to change the military's leadership, and claimed vast powers for himself. Morsi appears to have won this power play, but many in Egypt fear that he could become an authoritarian figure and use the Brotherhood organization to monopolize power. The book argues that an ideal outcome for Egypt, and one that would preserve the U.S. Egyptian strategic relationship, would be for Morsi not to interfere in the drafting of the new Constitution, nor in the parliamentary elections, and allow all political factions to compete fairly. A political system with parliament not dominated by the Brotherhood, with checks and balances put in place, plus the military retaining its autonomy, would help to foster emocracy in Egypt and maintain the U.S.-Egyptian strategic relationship, even though public opinion might make Egypt less likely to cooperate with some U.S. initiatives.The book then examines scenarios where Morsi acts in an authoritarian manner, pursues a narrow Islamist agenda, and moves to purge the military of elements not supportive of the Brotherhood. In such scenarios, the U.S.-Egyptian strategic relationship would suffer not only because anti-U.S. elements would come to dominate Egypt but because the U.S. Congress would likely reduce or cut off U.S. assistance in reaction to such moves.

Democracy Prevention

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107025710
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy Prevention by : Jason Brownlee

Download or read book Democracy Prevention written by Jason Brownlee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy Prevention explains how America's alliance with Egypt has impeded democratic change and reinforced authoritarianism over time.

Egypt-United States Relations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Egypt-United States Relations by : Clyde R. Mark

Download or read book Egypt-United States Relations written by Clyde R. Mark and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S.-Egyptian relations are aimed at maintaining regional stability, improving bilateral relations, continuing military cooperation, and sustaining the March 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. Experience gained from Egyptian-U.S. joint military exercises proved valuable in easing coordination during the February 1991 Desert Storm operation to reverse Iraqi aggression against Kuwait. Egypt is seen by U.S. policy makers as a leader and moderating influence among many Arab, African, Islamic, and Third World states. Among the current issues in U.S.-Egyptian relations are a shared concern about international terrorism. Egypt can claim some experience with the subject, having defeated domestic Islamic terrorists intent on overthrowing the Egyptian government. The two countries disagree over the speed and depth, but not the need for some of Egypt's economic reforms. Egypt and the United States agree on the importance of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, the need to continue current Arab-Israeli peace talks, and the need for regional stability. The two nations agree on Egypt's need to introduce democratic reforms in Egypt, although critics argue that Egypt is not moving quickly enough toward full democracy or in improving the human rights situation. The United States has provided Egypt with an annual average of over $2 billion in economic and military foreign assistance since 1979. The United States will reduce Economic Support Funds (ESF) to about $400 million per year by 2008 in keeping with a plan to reduce aid to Israel. The Administration requested $575 million in economic grants and $1.3 billion in military grants for FY2004 for Egypt. On February 26, 2005, President Hosni Mubarak announced that he would seek a constitutional amendment to replace the current nominating and referendum process with a direct election for the office of president. Many political reformers have been advocating a direct election.

U.S. Assistance to Egypt

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781634833776
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (337 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Assistance to Egypt by : Marian Cortez

Download or read book U.S. Assistance to Egypt written by Marian Cortez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. U.S. policy makers have routinely explained aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. policy makers are now debating complex questions about the future of U.S.-Egypt relations, and these debates and events in Egypt are shaping consideration of appropriations and authorization legislation in the 114th Congress. This book provides an overview of the key issues for Congress related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt.