The Unity Of Science And Economics

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The Unity of Science and Economics

Author : Jing Chen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 149393466X
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis The Unity of Science and Economics by : Jing Chen

Download or read book The Unity of Science and Economics written by Jing Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new economic theory developed from physical and biological principles. It explains how technology, social systems and economic values are intimately related to resources. Many people have recognized that mainstream (neoclassical) economic theories are not consistent with physical laws and often not consistent with empirical patterns, but most feel that economic activities are too complex to be described by a simple and coherent mathematical theory. While social systems are indeed complex, all life systems, including social systems, satisfy two principles. First, all systems need to extract resources from the external environment to compensate for their consumption. Second, for a system to be viable, the amount of resource extraction has to be no less than the level of consumption. From these two principles, we derive a quantitative theory of major factors in economic activities, such as fixed cost, variable cost, discount rate, uncertainty and duration. The mathematical theory enables us to systematically measure the effectiveness of different policies and institutional structures at varying levels of resource abundance and cost.The theory presented in this book shows that there do not exist universally optimal policies or institutional structures. Instead, the impacts of different policies or social structures have to be measured within the context of existing levels of resource abundance. As the physical costs of extracting resources rise steadily, many policy assumptions adopted in mainstream economic theories, and workable in times of cheap and abundant energy supplies and other resources, need to be reconsidered. In this rapidly changing world, the theory presented here provides a solid foundation for examining the long-term impacts of today's policy decisions.

Special Sciences and the Unity of Science

Author : Olga Pombo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400720300
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Special Sciences and the Unity of Science by : Olga Pombo

Download or read book Special Sciences and the Unity of Science written by Olga Pombo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science is a dynamic process in which the assimilation of new phenomena, perspectives, and hypotheses into the scientific corpus takes place slowly. The apparent disunity of the sciences is the unavoidable consequence of this gradual integration process. Some thinkers label this dynamical circumstance a ‘crisis’. However, a retrospective view of the practical results of the scientific enterprise and of science itself, grants us a clear view of the unity of the human knowledge seeking enterprise. This book provides many arguments, case studies and examples in favor of the unity of science. These contributions touch upon various scientific perspectives and disciplines such as: Physics, Computer Science, Biology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and Economics.

Individualism and the Unity of Science

Author : Harold Kincaid
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780847686636
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis Individualism and the Unity of Science by : Harold Kincaid

Download or read book Individualism and the Unity of Science written by Harold Kincaid and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1997 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this original and important book, Harold Kincaid defends a view of the special sciences -- all sciences outside physics -- as autonomous and nonreducible. He argues that the biological and social sciences provide explanations that cannot be captured by explanations at the level of their constituent parts, and yet that this does not commit us to mysterious, nonphysical entities like vital forces or group minds. A look at real scientific practice shows that the many different sciences can be unified in a way that leaves them each an autonomous explanatory role. This book will be of great interest to philosophers of science and social scientists.

The Problem of the Unity of Science

Author : Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812799591
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of the Unity of Science by : Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting

Download or read book The Problem of the Unity of Science written by Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unity of science has been a widely discussed issue both in the philosophy of science and within several sciences. Reductionism has often been seen as the means of bringing the different sciences to a fundamental unity by reference to some basic science, but it shows many limitations. Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity have also been proposed as methodologies for attaining unity without underestimating the diversity of the sciences. This volume starts with a clarification of the possible meanings of this unity and then discusses the features of the mentioned approaches to unity, evaluating the success and the shortcomings of the unification programme among different sciences and within a single science. Contents: The General Framework: What Does ''The Unity of Science'' Mean? (E Agazzi); The Unity of Disunity (J Faye); Sciences of Nature and Sciences of Man: On a Difference between Natural Science and the Interpretive Sciences of Man (F Collin); Natural Sciences and Human Sciences (G M Prosperi); Overcoming Reductionism: Complexity, Reductionism, and the Unity of Science (J Ricard); The Consilience Approach to the Unity of Science (B Kanitscheider); The Unity Within a Single Science: The Problem of Unity in a Single Field of Science (A Cordero); The Unity of Particle Physics and Cosmology? The Case of the Cosmological Constant (J Mosterin); Is Quantum Mechanics a Universal Theory ? (B d''Espagnat); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students and academics in the philosophy of science.

The Human Project and the Temptations of Science

Author : Lansana Keita
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004495150
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Project and the Temptations of Science by : Lansana Keita

Download or read book The Human Project and the Temptations of Science written by Lansana Keita and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On account of the impressive yield of empirical science since the dawn of modern era, theorists of human behavior have sought eagerly to adopt its methodology to explain and predict behavior in the same way that natural science does with respect to natural phenomena. Thus, the positivist principle endorsed the unity of science approach to both the natural and social worlds. Modern social science, in its specific forms of sociology, economics, and so on, confidently embraced the positivist principle. In a short period of time, political economy was transformed into economic science. The goal was to purge the social sciences of their supposedly evaluative content. In due course, the idea of objective scientific truth came to be questioned along with the positivist paradigm. Epistemological relativism à la Kuhn is to be credited with this intellectual shift. But this novel theoretical approach was more easily accommodated by epistemologists of science than scientists themselves. Scientists hardly questioned their methodologies of research and the cognitive field of successful theories. Similarly, in the social sciences, neoclassical economics remained dominant. The neoclassical motto was that economics as science answered only questions of efficiency, not evaluative questions of social justice. The Human Project and the Temptations of Science argues that the model of epistemological unity, at one time embracing positivism, at another time supporting epistemological relativism, is questionable. While empirical science does yield knowledge of the natural world, knowledge of the social world - the world of humans - is necessarily value-laden. Despite the quantitative veneer of neoclassical economics - the dominant paradigm in economics - economic analysis cannot avoid questions of value. The reason is that its foundational concepts, such as rationality and the maximization of expected utility, reflect the necessary value-oriented nature of human behavior. The question posed, then, by The Human Project and the Temptations of Science is what sort of optimal values should humans adopt.

The Unity of Science

Author : Rudolf Carnap
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136654291
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis The Unity of Science by : Rudolf Carnap

Download or read book The Unity of Science written by Rudolf Carnap and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a leading member of the Vienna Circle, Rudolph Carnap's aim was to bring about a "unified science" by applying a method of logical analysis to the empirical data of all the sciences. This work, first published in English in 1934, endeavors to work out a way in which the observation statements required for verification are not private to the observer. The work shows the strong influence of Wittgenstein, Russell, and Frege.

Neoclassical Economics and the Unity of Science

Author : Bruce Nevin Shortt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Neoclassical Economics and the Unity of Science by : Bruce Nevin Shortt

Download or read book Neoclassical Economics and the Unity of Science written by Bruce Nevin Shortt and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Foundations of the Unity of Science

Author : Otto Neurath
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780226575889
Total Pages : 1032 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of the Unity of Science by : Otto Neurath

Download or read book Foundations of the Unity of Science written by Otto Neurath and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing concern throughout the world for the logic, the history, and the sociology of science reveals a comprehensive international movement interested in considering the scientific enterprise in its entirety. The purpose of the "International Encyclopedia of Unified Science," as originally conceived by the late Otto Neurath, was to explore in numerous volumes the foundations of various sciences and to aid the integration of scientific knowledge. Circumstances during World War II and the death of Professor Neurath, however, limited the scope of the "Encyclopedia." The Foundations of the Unity of Science constitutes the only completed unit of the proposed multi-volume "Encyclopedia."

Economic Methodology

Author : Keith Langford Dougherty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Methodology by : Keith Langford Dougherty

Download or read book Economic Methodology written by Keith Langford Dougherty and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Unity of the Capitalist Economy and State

Author : Geert Reuten
Publisher : Historical Materialism
ISBN 13 : 9781642593730
Total Pages : 727 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (937 download)

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Book Synopsis The Unity of the Capitalist Economy and State by : Geert Reuten

Download or read book The Unity of the Capitalist Economy and State written by Geert Reuten and published by Historical Materialism. This book was released on 2020-09 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geert Reuten offers a systematic exposition of the capitalist system, showing that the capitalist economy and the capitalist state constitute a unity.

General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080548547
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues by :

Download or read book General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-18 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists use concepts and principles that are partly specific for their subject matter, but they also share part of them with colleagues working in different fields. Compare the biological notion of a 'natural kind' with the general notion of 'confirmation' of a hypothesis by certain evidence. Or compare the physical principle of the 'conservation of energy' and the general principle of 'the unity of science'. Scientists agree that all such notions and principles aren't as crystal clear as one might wish. An important task of the philosophy of the special sciences, such as philosophy of physics, of biology and of economics, to mention only a few of the many flourishing examples, is the clarification of such subject specific concepts and principles. Similarly, an important task of 'general' philosophy of science is the clarification of concepts like 'confirmation' and principles like 'the unity of science'. It is evident that clarfication of concepts and principles only makes sense if one tries to do justice, as much as possible, to the actual use of these notions by scientists, without however following this use slavishly. That is, occasionally a philosopher may have good reasons for suggesting to scientists that they should deviate from a standard use. Frequently, this amounts to a plea for differentiation in order to stop debates at cross-purposes due to the conflation of different meanings. While the special volumes of the series of Handbooks of the Philosophy of Science address topics relative to a specific discipline, this general volume deals with focal issues of a general nature. After an editorial introduction about the dominant method of clarifying concepts and principles in philosophy of science, called explication, the first five chapters deal with the following subjects. Laws, theories, and research programs as units of empirical knowledge (Theo Kuipers), various past and contemporary perspectives on explanation (Stathis Psillos), the evaluation of theories in terms of their virtues (Ilkka Niiniluto), and the role of experiments in the natural sciences, notably physics and biology (Allan Franklin), and their role in the social sciences, notably economics (Wenceslao Gonzalez). In the subsequent three chapters there is even more attention to various positions and methods that philosophers of science and scientists may favor: ontological, epistemological, and methodological positions (James Ladyman), reduction, integration, and the unity of science as aims in the sciences and the humanities (William Bechtel and Andrew Hamilton), and logical, historical and computational approaches to the philosophy of science (Atocha Aliseda and Donald Gillies).The volume concludes with the much debated question of demarcating science from nonscience (Martin Mahner) and the rich European-American history of the philosophy of science in the 20th century (Friedrich Stadler). Comprehensive coverage of the philosophy of science written by leading philosophers in this field Clear style of writing for an interdisciplinary audience No specific pre-knowledge required

Special Sciences and the Unity of Science

Author : Olga Pombo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400720297
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Special Sciences and the Unity of Science by : Olga Pombo

Unity Of Nature, The: Wholeness And Disintegration In Ecology And Science

Author : Alan Marshall
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1783261161
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Unity Of Nature, The: Wholeness And Disintegration In Ecology And Science by : Alan Marshall

Download or read book Unity Of Nature, The: Wholeness And Disintegration In Ecology And Science written by Alan Marshall and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-10-04 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea behind The Unity of Nature is a strong theoretical theme in a number of scientific and environmental fields from ecosystems ecology, through quantum physics to environmental philosophy and ecopolitics giving rise to an inspiring, optimistic, socially-responsive and environment-friendly worldview. The fields of science and environmentalism have inherited this theme of natural unity through an intellectual lineage that encompasses many non-scientific and non-environmental fields such as sociology, theology and political philosophy. Many of these fields have used natural unity in a way which is in stark opposition to the metaphysical and political desires of those who promulgate the unity of nature for progressive social change.This book discusses how this has transpired and examines the social and intellectual processes that have been at work. These include the social construction of the Organicism versus Mechanicism debate in ecology, the intellectual links between neo-classical economic principles and the ‘New Sciences’, the techno-scientific background of Gaia theory, and the social conservatism of ecological functionalism.

Consilience

Author : E. O. Wilson
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0804154066
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Consilience by : E. O. Wilson

Download or read book Consilience written by E. O. Wilson and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • "A dazzling journey across the sciences and humanities in search of deep laws to unite them." —The Wall Street Journal One of our greatest scientists—and the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes for On Human Nature and The Ants—gives us a work of visionary importance that may be the crowning achievement of his career. In Consilience (a word that originally meant "jumping together"), Edward O. Wilson renews the Enlightenment's search for a unified theory of knowledge in disciplines that range from physics to biology, the social sciences and the humanities. Using the natural sciences as his model, Wilson forges dramatic links between fields. He explores the chemistry of the mind and the genetic bases of culture. He postulates the biological principles underlying works of art from cave-drawings to Lolita. Presenting the latest findings in prose of wonderful clarity and oratorical eloquence, and synthesizing it into a dazzling whole, Consilience is science in the path-clearing traditions of Newton, Einstein, and Richard Feynman.

Unity of Science

Author : Robert L. Causey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401011885
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Unity of Science by : Robert L. Causey

Download or read book Unity of Science written by Robert L. Causey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first section of this chapter describes the major goals of this investiga tion and the general strategy of my presentation. The remaining three sections review some requisite background material and introduce some terminology and notation used in the book. Section B contains a brief review of some of the ideas and notation of elementary logic and set theory. Section C contains an introductory discussion of kinds and at tributes. Section D presents some basic ideas about laws and law sentences. A. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK Basic scientific research is directed towards the goals of increasing our knowledge of the wor1d and our understanding of the wor1d. Knowledge increases through the discovery and confirmation of facts and laws. Understanding results from the explanation of known facts and laws, and through the formulation of general, systematic theories. Other things being equal, we tend to feeI that our understanding of a c1ass of phenomena increases as we develop increasingly general and intuitively unified theories of that c1ass of phenomena. It is therefore natural to consider the possibility of one very general, unified theory which, at least in principle, governs all known phenomena. The dream of obtaining such a theory, and the understanding that it would provide, has motivated an enormous amount of research by both scientists and philosophers.

Toward a Formal Science of Economics

Author : Bernt P. Stigum
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262192842
Total Pages : 1068 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward a Formal Science of Economics by : Bernt P. Stigum

Download or read book Toward a Formal Science of Economics written by Bernt P. Stigum and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer Law and Practice provides undergraduate students and those studying the LPC with concise yet comprehensive guidance. It is also a useful aid for practitioners (including those advising businesses) and non-lawyers requiring information which can be quickly understood. Using an innovative problem-solving approach to the subject, we focus on situations in which clients may find themselves and explain how the law deals with such situations. "Between the covers is a mine of information clearly and accurately set out ... a valuable tool for non-specialist and specialist alike." The Law Society's Gazette

Homo Oeconomicus

Author : Gebhard Kirchgässner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387727973
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Homo Oeconomicus by : Gebhard Kirchgässner

Download or read book Homo Oeconomicus written by Gebhard Kirchgässner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-13 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic model of behaviour is fundamental not only in economic theory, but also in modern approaches of other social sciences, above all in political science and law. This book provides a comprehensive treatise of the general model, its philosophical and methodological foundations and its applications in different fields. In addition to the basic model, extensions to its assumptions are examined to account for complex applications like low-cost situations with moral behaviour.