The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization

Download The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Us
ISBN 13 : 9781664125247
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (252 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization by : Jamal H. Qadri

Download or read book The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization written by Jamal H. Qadri and published by Xlibris Us. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Qadri has published one novel, six other books, weekly articles in newspapers and editorials. 2019, he retired from the engineering profession, working for a defense contractor. As a journalist, Dr. Qadri reviewed US politics, policies, and administrations for decades, changes in International affairs, history of civilizations, decline in Western Civilization and rise of China, both economically and militarily. He also, presented a critical in-depth observation about changes taking place in Muslim countries, and around the world, specifically in Asia, Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. He is currently residing in Arizona, USA.

The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization

Download The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 166412523X
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (641 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization by : Jamal H. Qadri Ph.D.

Download or read book The United States of America: the Superpower, the Trump Presidency & the Fall of Western Civilization written by Jamal H. Qadri Ph.D. and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Qadri has published one novel, six other books, weekly articles in newspapers and editorials. 2019, he retired from the engineering profession, working for a defense contractor. As a journalist, Dr. Qadri reviewed US politics, policies, and administrations for decades, changes in International affairs, history of civilizations, decline in Western Civilization and rise of China, both economically and militarily. He also, presented a critical in-depth observation about changes taking place in Muslim countries, and around the world, specifically in Asia, Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. He is currently residing in Arizona, USA.

Trump and His Generals

Download Trump and His Generals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0525522417
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Trump and His Generals by : Peter Bergen

Download or read book Trump and His Generals written by Peter Bergen and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of America's preeminent national security journalists, an explosive, news-breaking account of Donald Trump's collision with the American national security establishment, and with the world It is a simple fact that no president in American history brought less foreign policy experience to the White House than Donald J. Trump. The real estate developer from Queens promised to bring his brash, zero-sum swagger to bear to cut through America's most complex national security issues, and he did. If the cost of his "America First" agenda was bulldozing the edifice of foreign alliances that had been carefully tended by every president from Truman to Obama, then so be it. It was clear from the first that Trump's inclinations were radically more blunt force than his predecessors'. When briefed by the Pentagon on Iran and the Strait of Hormuz, he exclaimed, "The next time Iran sends its boats into the Strait: blow them out of the water! Let's get Mad Dog on this." When told that the capital of South Korea, Seoul, was so close to the North Korean border that millions of people would likely die in the first hours of any all-out war, Trump had a bold response, "They have to move." The officials in the Oval Office weren't sure if he was joking. He raised his voice. "They have to move!" Very quickly, it became clear to a number of people at the highest levels of government that their gravest mission was to protect America from Donald Trump. Trump and His Generals is Peter Bergen's riveting account of what happened when the unstoppable force of President Trump met the immovable object of America's national security establishment--the CIA, the State Department, and, above all, the Pentagon. If there is a real "deep state" in DC, it is not the FBI so much as the national security community, with its deep-rooted culture and hierarchy. The men Trump selected for his key national security positions, Jim Mattis, John Kelly, and H. R. McMaster, were products of that culture: Trump wanted generals, and he got them. Three years later, they would be gone, and the guardrails were off. From Iraq and Afghanistan to Syria and Iran, from Russia and China to North Korea and Islamist terrorism, Trump and His Generals is a brilliant reckoning with an American ship of state navigating a roiling sea of threats without a well-functioning rudder. Lucid and gripping, it brings urgently needed clarity to issues that affect the fate of us all. But clarity, unfortunately, is not the same thing as reassurance.

The Cost of Chaos

Download The Cost of Chaos PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593652894
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (936 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cost of Chaos by : Peter Bergen

Download or read book The Cost of Chaos written by Peter Bergen and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of America's preeminent national security journalists, an explosive, news-breaking account of Donald Trump's collision with the American national security establishment, and with the world It is a simple fact that no president in American history brought less foreign policy experience to the White House than Donald J. Trump. The real estate developer from Queens promised to bring his brash, zero-sum swagger to bear to cut through America's most complex national security issues, and he did. If the cost of his "America First" agenda was bulldozing the edifice of foreign alliances that had been carefully tended by every president from Truman to Obama, then so be it. It was clear from the first that Trump's inclinations were radically more blunt force than his predecessors'. When briefed by the Pentagon on Iran and the Strait of Hormuz, he exclaimed, "The next time Iran sends its boats into the Strait: blow them out of the water! Let's get Mad Dog on this." When told that the capital of South Korea, Seoul, was so close to the North Korean border that millions of people would likely die in the first hours of any all-out war, Trump had a bold response, "They have to move." The officials in the Oval Office weren't sure if he was joking. He raised his voice. "They have to move!" Very quickly, it became clear to a number of people at the highest levels of government that their gravest mission was to protect America from Donald Trump. Trump and His Generals is Peter Bergen's riveting account of what happened when the unstoppable force of President Trump met the immovable object of America's national security establishment--the CIA, the State Department, and, above all, the Pentagon. If there is a real "deep state" in DC, it is not the FBI so much as the national security community, with its deep-rooted culture and hierarchy. The men Trump selected for his key national security positions, Jim Mattis, John Kelly, and H. R. McMaster, were products of that culture: Trump wanted generals, and he got them. Three years later, they would be gone, and the guardrails were off. From Iraq and Afghanistan to Syria and Iran, from Russia and China to North Korea and Islamist terrorism, Trump and His Generals is a brilliant reckoning with an American ship of state navigating a roiling sea of threats without a well-functioning rudder. Lucid and gripping, it brings urgently needed clarity to issues that affect the fate of us all. But clarity, unfortunately, is not the same thing as reassurance.

The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction

Download The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198859546
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction by : Robert J. McMahon

Download or read book The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction written by Robert J. McMahon and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vividly written and based on up-to-date scholarship, this title provides an interpretive overview of the international history of the Cold War.

The Cambridge History of America and the World: Volume 4, 1945 to the Present

Download The Cambridge History of America and the World: Volume 4, 1945 to the Present PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108317855
Total Pages : 903 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of America and the World: Volume 4, 1945 to the Present by : David C. Engerman

Download or read book The Cambridge History of America and the World: Volume 4, 1945 to the Present written by David C. Engerman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth volume of The Cambridge History of America and the World examines the heights of American global power in the mid-twentieth century and how challenges from at home and abroad altered the United States and its role in the world. The second half of the twentieth century marked the pinnacle of American global power in economic, political, and cultural terms, but even as it reached such heights, the United States quickly faced new challenges to its power, originating both domestically and internationally. Highlighting cutting-edge ideas from scholars from all over the world, this volume anatomizes American power as well as the counters and alternatives to 'the American empire.' Topics include US economic and military power, American culture overseas, human rights and humanitarianism, third-world internationalism, immigration, communications technology, and the Anthropocene.

House of Trump, House of Putin

Download House of Trump, House of Putin PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1524743526
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis House of Trump, House of Putin by : Craig Unger

Download or read book House of Trump, House of Putin written by Craig Unger and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “The story Unger weaves with those earlier accounts and his original reporting is fresh, illuminating and more alarming than the intelligence channel described in the Steele dossier.”—The Washington Post House of Trump, House of Putin offers the first comprehensive investigation into the decades-long relationship among Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, and the Russian Mafia that ultimately helped win Trump the White House. It is a chilling story that begins in the 1970s, when Trump made his first splash in the booming, money-drenched world of New York real estate, and ends with Trump’s inauguration as president of the United States. That moment was the culmination of Vladimir Putin’s long mission to undermine Western democracy, a mission that he and his hand-selected group of oligarchs and Mafia kingpins had ensnared Trump in, starting more than twenty years ago with the massive bailout of a string of sensational Trump hotel and casino failures in Atlantic City. This book confirms the most incredible American paranoias about Russian malevolence. To most, it will be a hair-raising revelation that the Cold War did not end in 1991—that it merely evolved, with Trump’s apartments offering the perfect vehicle for billions of dollars to leave the collapsing Soviet Union. In House of Trump, House of Putin, Craig Unger methodically traces the deep-rooted alliance between the highest echelons of American political operatives and the biggest players in the frightening underworld of the Russian Mafia. He traces Donald Trump’s sordid ascent from foundering real estate tycoon to leader of the free world. He traces Russia’s phoenix like rise from the ashes of the post–Cold War Soviet Union as well as its ceaseless covert efforts to retaliate against the West and reclaim its status as a global superpower. Without Trump, Russia would have lacked a key component in its attempts to return to imperial greatness. Without Russia, Trump would not be president. This essential book is crucial to understanding the real powers at play in the shadows of today’s world. The appearance of key figures in this book—Paul Manafort, Michael Cohen, and Felix Sater to name a few—ring with haunting significance in the wake of Robert Mueller’s report and as others continue to close in on the truth.

Are We Rome?

Download Are We Rome? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : HMH
ISBN 13 : 0547527071
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (475 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Are We Rome? by : Cullen Murphy

Download or read book Are We Rome? written by Cullen Murphy and published by HMH. This book was released on 2008-05-05 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What went wrong in imperial Rome, and how we can avoid it: “If you want to understand where America stands in the world today, read this.” —Thomas E. Ricks The rise and fall of ancient Rome has been on American minds since the beginning of our republic. Depending on who’s doing the talking, the history of Rome serves as either a triumphal call to action—or a dire warning of imminent collapse. In this “provocative and lively” book, Cullen Murphy points out that today we focus less on the Roman Republic than on the empire that took its place, and reveals a wide array of similarities between the two societies (The New York Times). Looking at the blinkered, insular culture of our capitals; the debilitating effect of bribery in public life; the paradoxical issue of borders; and the weakening of the body politic through various forms of privatization, Murphy persuasively argues that we most resemble Rome in the burgeoning corruption of our government and in our arrogant ignorance of the world outside—two things that must be changed if we are to avoid Rome’s fate. “Are We Rome? is just about a perfect book. . . . I wish every politician would spend an evening with this book.” —James Fallows

Reimagining The National Security State

Download Reimagining The National Security State PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108484387
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reimagining The National Security State by : Karen J. Greenberg

Download or read book Reimagining The National Security State written by Karen J. Greenberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive look at the toll US government policies took on civil liberties, human rights, and the rule of law in the name of the war on terror.

History Has Begun

Download History Has Begun PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0197528341
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis History Has Begun by : Bruno Maçães

Download or read book History Has Begun written by Bruno Maçães and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular consensus says that the US rose over two centuries to Cold War victory and world domination, and is now in slow decline. But is this right? History's great civilizations have always lasted much longer, and for all its colossal power, American culture was overshadowed by Europe until recently. What if this isn't the end? In History Has Begun, Bruno Maçães offers a compelling vision of America's future, both fascinating and unnerving. From the early American Republic, he takes us to the turbulent present, when, he argues, America is finally forging its own path. We can see the birth pangs of this new civilization in today's debates on guns, religion, foreign policy and the significance of Trump. Should the coronavirus pandemic be regarded as an opportunity to build a new kind of society? What will its values be, and what will this new America look like? Maçães traces the long arc of US history to argue that in contrast to those who see the US on the cusp of decline, it may well be simply shifting to a new model, one equally powerful but no longer liberal. Consequently, it is no longer enough to analyze America's current trajectory through the simple prism of decline vs. progress, which assumes a static model-America as liberal leviathan. Rather, Maçães argues that America may be casting off the liberalism that has defined the country since its founding for a new model, one more appropriate to succeeding in a transformed world.

Regions and Powers

Download Regions and Powers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521891110
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Regions and Powers by : Barry Buzan

Download or read book Regions and Powers written by Barry Buzan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-04 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops the idea that since decolonisation, regional patterns of security have become more prominent in international politics. The authors combine an operational theory of regional security with an empirical application across the whole of the international system. Individual chapters cover Africa, the Balkans, CIS Europe, East Asia, EU Europe, the Middle East, North America, South America, and South Asia. The main focus is on the post-Cold War period, but the history of each regional security complex is traced back to its beginnings. By relating the regional dynamics of security to current debates about the global power structure, the authors unfold a distinctive interpretation of post-Cold War international security, avoiding both the extreme oversimplifications of the unipolar view, and the extreme deterritorialisations of many globalist visions of a new world disorder. Their framework brings out the radical diversity of security dynamics in different parts of the world.

The Royal Family

Download The Royal Family PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101221569
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Royal Family by : William T. Vollmann

Download or read book The Royal Family written by William T. Vollmann and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2001-08-01 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rich, haunting novel of street life in San Francisco’s Mission District, from the National Book Award-winning author of Europe Central In The Royal Family, William T. Vollmann uses the story of two brothers to construct a haunting series of parallels between the lives of the dispossessed and the anxious middle class. Henry Tyler is a failing private detective in San Francisco. When the love of his life, Irene--who happens to be married to his brother John, an ambitious contract lawyer--commits suicide, he clings despairingly to her ghost. Struggling to turn his grief into something precious, Henry enters into a new life of nightmare beauty and degradation as he attempts to track down the legendary Queen of the Prostitutes. Crafted out of language by turns eloquent, humorous, sensual, and obscene, and full of vividly rendered depictions of low-life bars, office politics, and hobo camps, here are Vollmann's familiar but ever surprising characters--the seekers, the vigilantes, the hypocrites, the sex workers. He has woven their stories into a vivid and unforgettable novel about the eerie paradoxes of possession and loss.

The Post-American Presidency

Download The Post-American Presidency PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439189900
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Post-American Presidency by : Pamela Geller

Download or read book The Post-American Presidency written by Pamela Geller and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-07-08 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular conservative blogger Pamela Geller and New York Times bestselling author Robert Spencer sound a wake-up call for Americans to stop the Obama administration from limiting our hard-won freedoms, silencing our democratic voices, and irreparably harming America for generations to come. America is being tested in a way that she has never been tested before. Since taking the oath of office in January 2009, President Barack Obama has cheered our enemies and demoralized our allies. He is hard at work "remaking" America by destroying the free-market system and nationalizing major segments of our economy, demonizing dissent and restricting freedom of speech, turning against our longtime friends, and above all, subjecting us to the determinations of foreign authorities. In this timely and urgent battle cry, Pamela Geller, founder of the widely popular website www.AtlasShrugs.com, and New York Times bestselling author Robert Spencer team up to expose the Obama administration’s destructive agenda—largely ignored by the mainstream media—and rally Americans to protect the sovereignty of a country that is under siege by the highest levels of its own government. As Americans see their paychecks shrinking every day, Obama ignores our forefathers’ founding principle: individual rights. Instead, he seeks to level the playing field—to transform both the global and national landscape in favor of our enemies—even if it means cutting America off at the knees. He envisions himself as more than just a president of the United States, but as a shaper of the new world order, an internationalist energetically laying the groundwork for global government: the president of the world. A vital guide to helping conservatives prepare for the tough battles ahead, The Post-American Presidency critically examines the Obama administration’s ominous and revealing moves against our basic freedoms, particularly as he seizes control of the three engines of the American economy: health care, energy, and education. The Shining City on a Hill has gone dark. But America is not dead. The time is NOW to stand up and fight.

The Deep State

Download The Deep State PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0698186923
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (981 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Deep State by : Mike Lofgren

Download or read book The Deep State written by Mike Lofgren and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-01-05 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times bestselling author of The Party Is Over delivers a no-holds-barred exposé of who really wields power in Washington Every Four years, tempers are tested and marriages fray as Americans head to the polls to cast their votes. But does anyone really care what we think? Has our vaunted political system become one big, expensive, painfully scriped reality TV show? In this cringe-inducing expose of the sins and excesses of Beltwayland, a longtime Republican party insider argues that we have become an oligarchy in form if not in name. Hooked on war, genuflecting to big donors, in thrall to discredited economic theories and utterly bereft of a moral compass, America’s governing classes are selling their souls to entrenched interest while our bridges collapse, wages, stagnate, and our water is increasingly undrinkable. Drawing on sinsights gleaned over three decades on Capitol Hill, much of it on the Budget Committee, Lofgren paints a gripping portrait of the dismal swamp on the Potomac and the revolution it will take to reclaim our government and set us back on course.

All Measures Short of War

Download All Measures Short of War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 030022818X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis All Measures Short of War by : Thomas J. Wright

Download or read book All Measures Short of War written by Thomas J. Wright and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking look at the future of great power competition in an age of globalization and what the United States can do in response The two decades after the Cold War saw unprecedented cooperation between the major powers as the world converged on a model of liberal international order. Now, great power competition is back and the liberal order is in jeopardy. Russia and China are increasingly revisionist in their regions. The Middle East appears to be unraveling. And many Americans question why the United States ought to lead. What will great power competition look like in the decades ahead? Will the liberal world order survive? What impact will geopolitics have on globalization? And, what strategy should the United States pursue to succeed in an increasingly competitive world? In this book Thomas Wright explains how major powers will compete fiercely even as they try to avoid war with each other. Wright outlines a new American strategy—Responsible Competition—to navigate these challenges and strengthen the liberal order.

In the Shadows of the American Century

Download In the Shadows of the American Century PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Haymarket Books
ISBN 13 : 1608467740
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis In the Shadows of the American Century by : Alfred W. McCoy

Download or read book In the Shadows of the American Century written by Alfred W. McCoy and published by Haymarket Books. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The award-winning historian delivers a “brilliant and deeply informed” analysis of American power from the Spanish-American War to the Trump Administration (New York Journal of Books). In this sweeping and incisive history of US foreign relations, historian Alfred McCoy explores America’s rise as a world power from the 1890s through the Cold War, and its bid to extend its hegemony deep into the twenty-first century. Since American dominance reached its apex at the close of the Cold War, the nation has met new challenges that it is increasingly unequipped to handle. From the disastrous invasion of Iraq to the failure of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, fracturing military alliances, and the blundering nationalism of Donald Trump, McCoy traces US decline in the face of rising powers such as China. He also offers a critique of America’s attempt to maintain its position through cyberwar, covert intervention, client elites, psychological torture, and worldwide surveillance.

U. S. Role in the World

Download U. S. Role in the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781693215247
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis U. S. Role in the World by : Michael Moodie

Download or read book U. S. Role in the World written by Michael Moodie and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. role in the world refers to the overall character, purpose, or direction of U.S. participation in international affairs and the country's overall relationship to the rest of the world. The U.S. role in the world can be viewed as establishing the overall context or framework for U.S. policymakers for developing, implementing, and measuring the success of U.S. policies and actions on specific international issues, and for foreign countries or other observers for interpreting and understanding U.S. actions on the world stage. While descriptions of the U.S. role in the world since the end of World War II vary in their specifics, it can be described in general terms as consisting of four key elements: global leadership; defense and promotion of the liberal international order; defense and promotion of freedom, democracy, and human rights; and prevention of the emergence of regional hegemons in Eurasia. The issue for Congress is whether the U.S. role in the world is changing, and if so, what implications this might have for the United States and the world. A change in the U.S. role could have significant and even profound effects on U.S. security, freedom, and prosperity. It could significantly affect U.S. policy in areas such as relations with allies and other countries, defense plans and programs, trade and international finance, foreign assistance, and human rights. Some observers, particularly critics of the Trump Administration, argue that under the Trump Administration, the United States is substantially changing the U.S. role in the world. Other observers, particularly supporters of the Trump Administration, while acknowledging that the Trump Administration has changed U.S. foreign policy in a number of areas compared to policies pursued by the Obama Administration, argue that under the Trump Administration, there has been less change and more continuity regarding the U.S. role in the world. Some observers who assess that the United States under the Trump Administration is substantially changing the U.S. role in the world-particularly critics of the Trump Administration, and also some who were critical of the Obama Administration-view the implications of that change as undesirable. They view the change as an unnecessary retreat from U.S. global leadership and a gratuitous discarding of long-held U.S. values, and judge it to be an unforced error of immense proportions-a needless and self-defeating squandering of something of great value to the United States that the United States had worked to build and maintain for 70 years. Other observers who assess that there has been a change in the U.S. role in the world in recent years-particularly supporters of the Trump Administration, but also some observers who were arguing even prior to the Trump Administration in favor of a more restrained U.S. role in the world-view the change in the U.S. role, or at least certain aspects of it, as helpful for responding to changed U.S. and global circumstances and for defending U.S. interests. Congress's decisions regarding the U.S role in the world could have significant implications for numerous policies, plans, programs, and budgets, and for the role of Congress relative to that of the executive branch in U.S. foreign policymaking.