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The Trajectories Of Cosmic Rays In A High Degree Simulation Of The Geomagnetic Field
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Book Synopsis The Trajectories of Cosmic Rays in a High Degree Simulation of the Geomagnetic Field by : Kenneth G. McCracken
Download or read book The Trajectories of Cosmic Rays in a High Degree Simulation of the Geomagnetic Field written by Kenneth G. McCracken and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Vertically Incident Cosmic-ray Trajectories Using Sixth Degree Simulations of the Geomagnetic Field by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book A Study of Vertically Incident Cosmic-ray Trajectories Using Sixth Degree Simulations of the Geomagnetic Field written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets by : Lev Dorman
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets written by Lev Dorman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-20 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of cosmic ray (CR) geomagnetic effects came to the fore at the beg- ning of the 1930s after the famous expeditions by J. Clay onboard ship (Slamat) between the Netherlands and Java using an ionization chamber. Many CR la- tude expeditions were organized by the famous scientists and Nobel Laureates R. Millikan and A. Compton. From the obtained latitude curves it follows that CRs cannot be gamma rays (as many scientists thought at that time), but must be charged particles. From measurements of azimuthally geomagnetic effect at that time it also followed that these charged particles must be mostly positive (see Chapter 1, and for more details on the history of the problem see monographs of Irina Dorman, M1981, M1989). The ?rst explanations of obtained results were based on the simple dipole - proximation of the geomagnetic ?eld and the theory of energetic charged particles moving in dipole magnetic ?elds, developed in 1907 by C. Stormer ̈ to explain the aurora phenomenon. Let us note that it was made about 5 years before V. Hess discovered CRs, and received the Nobel Prize in 1936 together with K. Anderson (for the discovery of CR and positrons in CR).
Book Synopsis A Study of Vertically Incident Cosmic-ray Trajectories Using Sixth Degree Simulations of the Geomagnetic Field by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book A Study of Vertically Incident Cosmic-ray Trajectories Using Sixth Degree Simulations of the Geomagnetic Field written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study has been made of vertically incident cosmic-ray trajectories at more than 400 positions on the earth's surface using sixth-degree simulations of the quiescent geomagnetic field. Twenty-six of these positions are near the South African magnetic anomaly, and six other points are in a region of the North Atlantic where Pomerantz and Agarwal have reported anomalous results. The trajectories have been calculated for rigidities separated by intervals as small as 0.01 bv to allow for the effects of the penumbra. When these trajectories are used to determine cosmic-ray cutoff rigidities, differences greater than 15 percent from the Quenby and Wenk threshold values are found in the vicinity of South Africa, the South Atlantic, and the Canary Islands. Various latitude surveys are shown to exhibit consistency when plotted against the cutoff rigidities determined by this computational method. It is concluded that although currently available simulations of the geomagnetic field are not completely adequate over some portions of the earth to describe the cosmic-ray effects in their entirety, there is essentially no difference in the cutoff rigidities determined using two currently accepted field models, even though different penumbral structures are obtained. Asymptotic directions of approach and cutoff rigidities for a number of locations are listed.
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets by : Lev Dorman
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets written by Lev Dorman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-01-28 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of cosmic ray (CR) geomagnetic effects came to the fore at the beg- ning of the 1930s after the famous expeditions by J. Clay onboard ship (Slamat) between the Netherlands and Java using an ionization chamber. Many CR la- tude expeditions were organized by the famous scientists and Nobel Laureates R. Millikan and A. Compton. From the obtained latitude curves it follows that CRs cannot be gamma rays (as many scientists thought at that time), but must be charged particles. From measurements of azimuthally geomagnetic effect at that time it also followed that these charged particles must be mostly positive (see Chapter 1, and for more details on the history of the problem see monographs of Irina Dorman, M1981, M1989). The ?rst explanations of obtained results were based on the simple dipole - proximation of the geomagnetic ?eld and the theory of energetic charged particles moving in dipole magnetic ?elds, developed in 1907 by C. Stormer ̈ to explain the aurora phenomenon. Let us note that it was made about 5 years before V. Hess discovered CRs, and received the Nobel Prize in 1936 together with K. Anderson (for the discovery of CR and positrons in CR).
Book Synopsis Asymptotic Directions and Vertical Cutoff Rigidities for Selected Cosmic-ray Stations as Calculated Using the Finch and Leaton Geomagnetic Field Model by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book Asymptotic Directions and Vertical Cutoff Rigidities for Selected Cosmic-ray Stations as Calculated Using the Finch and Leaton Geomagnetic Field Model written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tables of asymptotic directions and vertical cutoff rigidities for a selected set of cosmic-ray stations are presented. These values were obtained by the integration of vertically incident cosmic-ray trajectories through the Finch and Leaton (Epoch 1955) quiescent model of the geomagnetic field. The table of asymptotic directions contains the asymptotic latitudes and longitudes that specify the direction of approach from interplanetary space of a cosmic-ray particle. These asymptotic directions are given for specific rigidities above the main cone cutoff rigidity for each station, and at 0.01 GV rigidity intervals throughout the penumbra. Maps of the symptotic directions for each station are included. The table of vertical cutoff rigidities contains the geographic coordinates and L value of each cosmic-ray station together with the main cone cutoff rigidity, the Stoermer cutoff rigidity, and the effective cutoff rigidity. (Author).
Book Synopsis Effects of Asymmetric Magnetospheric Currents on Cosmic Radiation by : Erwin O. Flückiger
Download or read book Effects of Asymmetric Magnetospheric Currents on Cosmic Radiation written by Erwin O. Flückiger and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to now, most studies were carried out assuming azimuthally symmetric currents, neglecting the well established longitudinal asymmetry in the geomagnetic disturbance at low- and mid-latitudes during magnetic storms. The asymmetric perturbations superposed upon a symmetric field depression has been attributed by several authors to a a longitudinally limited, partial ring current with field aligned closure through the auroral ionosphere (Cummings; Fukushima and Kamide; and references therein). It has been the objective of the research covered by this report to study the effects of such magnetospheric current systems on the propagation of cosmic ray particles through the domain of the earth's magnetosphere. The corresponding results were expected to demonstrate the significance of cosmic ray measurements as an additional tool for magnetospheric studies, especially in modeling the disturbed magnetic field in the magnetosphere. In this report, first the approach to the problem is reviewed in Section 2, and examples of the basic tools needed in the procedure are illustrated in Section 3. Then, in Section 4, the results of a simple study correlating local perturbations in the geomagnetic field with cosmic ray cutoff rigidity variations are discussed. Section 5 contains a summary of a detailed quantitative analysis on the effects of a partial ring current and of field-aligned currents on both cutoff rigidities and asymptotic directions in different latitude regions. In conclusions, the significance of the results obtained in the entire study is discussed in Section 6 for both magnetospheric and cosmic ray research.
Book Synopsis A Study of Vertical Cutoff Rigidities Using Sixth Degree Simulations of the Geomagnetic Field by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book A Study of Vertical Cutoff Rigidities Using Sixth Degree Simulations of the Geomagnetic Field written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Summary of Cutoff Rigidities Calculated with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for Various Epochs by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book Summary of Cutoff Rigidities Calculated with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for Various Epochs written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tables of cosmic-ray cutoff rigidities using the trajectory-tracing technique are given for five Epochs of the geomagnetic field. These values have been determined utilizing the International Geomagnetic Reference Field with time derivatives applied so that the coefficients for the field model are appropriate for the following Epochs: 1955.0, 1965.0, 1966.5, 1970.0, and 1975.0. Each table includes the geographic coordinates and L value of each location together with the main cutoff rigidity, the Stormer cutoff rigidity, and the effective cutoff rigidity. Tables for both vertical and non-vertical directions are included, as well as a listing of the FORTRAN computer program used to calculate these values. (Author).
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays and Earth by : J.W. Bieber
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Earth written by J.W. Bieber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1998 marked the 50th anniversary of the invention of the neutron monitor, a key research tool in the field of space physics and solar-terrestrial relations. In honor of this occasion a workshop entitled 'Cosmic Rays and Earth' was organized to review the detection of cosmic rays at the surface and in the lower atmosphere of Earth, including the effect that this radiation has on the terrestrial environment. A special focus was the role of neutron monitors in the investigation of this radiation, on the science enabled by the unique dataset of the worldwide network of neutron monitors, and on continuing opportunities to use these data to solve outstanding problems. This book is the principal product of that workshop, integrating the contribu tions of all participants. Following a general summary of the workshop prepared by the editors, the volume leads off with a keynote article by Professor John Simpson describing his invention of the neutron monitor in 1948 and the early scientific discoveries made with this instrument.
Book Synopsis The Cosmic-ray Equator at 170 Degrees West Longitude by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book The Cosmic-ray Equator at 170 Degrees West Longitude written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Research Papers written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tables of Asymptotic Directions and Vertical Cutoff Rigidities for a Five Degree by Fifteen Degree World Grid as Calculated Using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for Epoch 1975.0 by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book Tables of Asymptotic Directions and Vertical Cutoff Rigidities for a Five Degree by Fifteen Degree World Grid as Calculated Using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for Epoch 1975.0 written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tables of asymptotic directions and vertical cutoff rigidities for a five degree by fifteen degree world grid are presented. These values were obtained by the integration of vertically incident cosmic-ray trajectories through the International Geomagnetic Reference Field with time derivatives applied so that the coefficients form a quiescent model of the geomagnetic field for Epoch 1975.0. The table of asymptotic directions contains the asymptotic latitudes and longitudes which specify the direction of approach, from interplanetary space, of a cosmic-ray particle. These asymptotic directions are given for each grid point for specific rigidities above the main cone cutoff rigidity. The table of vertical cutoff rigidities contains the geographic coordinates and L value of each location together with the main cone cutoff rigidity, the Stoermer cutoff rigidity, and the effective cutoff rigidity.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1971-10 with total page 1644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cosmic Perspectives in Space Physics by : S. Biswas
Download or read book Cosmic Perspectives in Space Physics written by S. Biswas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early years of the twentieth century, Victor Hess of Germany flew instruments in balloons and so discovered in 1912 that an extra-~errestial radiation of unknown origin is incident on the earth with an almost constant intensity at all times. These penetrating non solar radiations which were called Cosmic Rays by Millikan, USA, opened the new frontier of space physics and many leading scientists were attracted to it. At the end of World War II a number of space vehicles, e.g. stratospheric balloons, rockets and satellites were developed. In 1950 and onwards, these vehicles enabled spectacular advances in space physics and space astrophysics. New horizons were opened in the explorations of cosmic rays, the earth's magnetosphere, the Sun and the heliosphere, the moon and the planets. Using space-borne instruments, exciting discoveries were made of stars, and galaxies in the infra-red, ultra violet, x-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths. In this text book these fascinating new findings are presented in depth and on a level suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students, research scientists and scientists of other disciplines. Although there are several excellent books and monographs on different aspects, most of these deal with specific areas. In this text book the findings of space physics and astrophysics are presented in an integrated manner with proper introductions to the fundamental aspects, and these are supplemented by relevant ground based observations.
Book Synopsis Tables of Asymptotic Directions and Vertical Cutoff Rigidities for a Five Degree by Fifteen Degree World Grid Using the Finch and Leaton Geomagnetic Field Model by : M. A. Shea
Download or read book Tables of Asymptotic Directions and Vertical Cutoff Rigidities for a Five Degree by Fifteen Degree World Grid Using the Finch and Leaton Geomagnetic Field Model written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tables of asymptotic directions and vertical cutoff rigidities for a five degree by fifteen degree world grid are presented. These values were obtained by the integration of vertically incident cosmic-ray trajectories through the Finch and Leaton (Epoch 1955) quiescent model of the geomagnetic field. The table of asymptotic directions contains the asymptotic latitudes and longitudes that specify the direction of approach, from interplanetary space, of a cosmic-ray particle. These asymptotic directions are given for each grid point for specific rigidities above the main cone cutoff rigidity. The table of vertical cutoff rigidities contains the geographic coordinates and L value of each location, together with the main cone cutoff rigidity, the Stormer cutoff rigidity, and the effective cutoff rigidity.
Book Synopsis Data on Solar-geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Ground Level Cosmic Ray Events of 24 January and 1 September 1971 by :
Download or read book Data on Solar-geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Ground Level Cosmic Ray Events of 24 January and 1 September 1971 written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
