The Trail of Martyrdom

Download The Trail of Martyrdom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Trail of Martyrdom by : Sarah Covington

Download or read book The Trail of Martyrdom written by Sarah Covington and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the stages by which religious dissidents were persecuted by Tudor monarchs across the sixteenth century, and the means by which these dissidents counteracted authorities. While Henry VIII, Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth differed in religious orientation, their desire to enforce a uniformity of belief compelled them, in various degrees, to seek out and expunge heterodoxy or perceived treason in their midst. Individuals of contrary belief were targeted, apprehended, imprisoned, interrogated, and sometimes executed. During each stage of persecution, many dissidents were able to elude capture, counter-interrogate their inquisitors, use time in prison to write letters and prepare for death, and exploit their own executions to forge a final drama of suffering and redemption before a large, public audience. Enforcement was always dependent upon cooperation from the public and local officials, which made successful persecution uncertain at best. Sarah Covington explores the details of this system of enforcement, and the means by which it was subverted. Her explorations also address larger questions concerning obedience and disobedience, tolerance and intolerance, and the dynamics of martyrdom.

The Trail of Blood

Download The Trail of Blood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1794700382
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (947 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Trail of Blood by : J.M. Carroll

Download or read book The Trail of Blood written by J.M. Carroll and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. JM Carroll's "The Trail of Blood" is a great historical premise concerning the beginnings of the church from "Christ it's founder, till the current day". Written in the early 20th century, Dr. Carroll details the history and plight of TRUE bible believers throughout time. Still as relevant today as it was almost 100 years ago, this timeless classic is a must-have part of any Christian's personal reading collection.

The Theatre of Death

Download The Theatre of Death PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1644530325
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (445 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Theatre of Death by : P J Klemp

Download or read book The Theatre of Death written by P J Klemp and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses some rituals of justice—such as public executions, printed responses to the Archbishop of Canterbury’s execution speech, and King Charles I’s treason trial—in early modern England. Focusing on the ways in which genres shape these events’ multiple voices, I analyze the rituals’ genres and the diverse perspectives from which we must understand them. The execution ritual, like such cultural forms as plays and films, is a collaborative production that can be understood only, and only incompletely, by being alert to the presence of its many participants and their contributions. Each of these participants brings a voice to the execution ritual, whether it is the judge and jury or the victim, executioner, sheriff and other authorities, spiritual counselors, printer, or spectators and readers. And each has at least one role to play. No matter how powerful some institutions and individuals may appear, none has a monopoly over authority and how the events take shape on and beyond the scaffold. The centerpiece of the mid-seventeenth-century’s theatre of death was the condemned man’s last dying utterance. This study focuses on the words and contexts of many of those final speeches, including King Charles I’s (1649), Archbishop William Laud’s (1645), and the Earl of Strafford’s (1641), as well as those of less well known royalists and regicides. Where we situate ourselves to view, hear, and comprehend a public execution—through specific participants’ eyes, ears, and minds or accounts—shapes our interpretation of the ritual. It is impossible to achieve a singular, carefully indoctrinated meaning of an event as complex as a state-sponsored public execution. Along with the variety of voices and meanings, the nature and purpose of the rituals of justice maintain a significant amount of consistency in a number of eras and cultural contexts. Whether the focus is on the trial and execution of the Marian martyrs, English royalists in the 1640s and 1650s, or the Restoration’s regicides, the events draw on a set of cultural expectations or conventions. Because rituals of justice are shaped by diverse voices and agendas, with the participants’ scripts and counterscripts converging and colliding, they are dramatic moments conveying profound meanings. Published by University of Delaware Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.

The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Martyrdom

Download The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Martyrdom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111909982X
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Martyrdom by : Paul Middleton

Download or read book The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Martyrdom written by Paul Middleton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique, wide-ranging volume exploring the historical, religious, cultural, political, and social aspects of Christian martyrdom Although a well-studied and researched topic in early Christianity, martyrdom had become a relatively neglected subject of scholarship by the latter half of the 20th century. However, in the years following the attack on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001, the study of martyrdom has experienced a remarkable resurgence. Heightened cultural, religious, and political debates about Islamic martyrdom have, in a large part, prompted increased interest in the role of martyrdom in the Christian tradition. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Martyrdom is a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon from its beginnings to its role in the present day. This timely volume presents essays written by 30 prominent scholars that explore the fundamental concepts, key questions, and contemporary debates surrounding martyrdom in Christianity. Broad in scope, this volume explores topics ranging from the origins, influences, and theology of martyrdom in the early church, with particular emphasis placed on the Martyr Acts, to contemporary issues of gender, identity construction, and the place of martyrdom in the modern church. Essays address the role of martyrdom after the establishment of Christendom, especially its crucial contribution during and after the Reformation period in the development of Christian and European national-building, as well as its role in forming Christian identities in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This important contribution to Christian scholarship: Offers the first comprehensive reference work to examine the topic of martyrdom throughout Christian history Includes an exploration of martyrdom and its links to traditions in Judaism and Islam Covers extensive geographical zones, time periods, and perspectives Provides topical commentary on Islamic martyrdom and its parallels to the Christian church Discusses hotly debated topics such as the extent of the Roman persecution of early Christians The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Martyrdom is an invaluable resource for scholars and students of religious studies, theology, and Christian history, as well as readers with interest in the topic of Christian martyrdom.

The Trail of History ...

Download The Trail of History ... PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.L/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Trail of History ... by : Titus Mooney Merriman

Download or read book The Trail of History ... written by Titus Mooney Merriman and published by . This book was released on 1875 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Globalization of Martyrdom

Download The Globalization of Martyrdom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421401444
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Globalization of Martyrdom by : Assaf Moghadam

Download or read book The Globalization of Martyrdom written by Assaf Moghadam and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2009 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice This groundbreaking volume examines the rise and spread of suicide attacks over the past decade. Sorting through 1,270 terror strikes between 1981 and 2007, Assaf Moghadam attributes their recent proliferation to the mutually related ascendance of al Qaeda and its guiding ideology, Salafi Jihad, an extreme interpretation of Islam that rejects national boundaries and seeks to create a global Muslim community. In exploring the roots of the extreme radicalization represented by Salafism, Moghadam finds many causes, including Western dominance in the Arab world, the physical diffusion of Salafi institutions and actors, and the element of opportunity created by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. He uses individual examples from the Middle East, Southwest Asia, and Europe to show how the elite leaders of al Qaeda and affiliated groups and their foot soldiers interact with one another and how they garner support—and a growing number of converts and attackers—from the Muslim community. Based on over a decade of empirical research and a critical examination of existing thought on suicide attacks, Moghadam distinguishes the key characteristics separating globalized suicide strikes from the traditional, localized pattern that previously prevailed. This unflinching analysis provides new information about the relationship between ideology and suicide attacks and recommends policies focused on containing Salafi Jihadism.

Between Resistance and Martyrdom

Download Between Resistance and Martyrdom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
ISBN 13 : 9780299207946
Total Pages : 868 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (79 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Between Resistance and Martyrdom by : Detlef Garbe

Download or read book Between Resistance and Martyrdom written by Detlef Garbe and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Privatization the transfer of responsibility for public services from the public to the private sector currently evokes intense interest from policy makers. To its advocates, privatization conjures up visions of a lean, streamlined public sector reliant upon the private marketplace for the delivery of public services. To opponents, it conjures up visions of a beleaguered government bureaucracy ceding vital public services to unreliable entrepreneurs. At best, privatization can reduce the costs of government and introduce new possibilities for the better delivery of services. At worst, it may undermine equity, quality, and accountability. In Privatization and Its Alternatives distinguished scholars from several social science disciplines evaluate privatization efforts in the United States and abroad, and at different levels of government: federal, state, and local. They look primarily at three important policy areas education, housing, and law enforcement that sharply illustrate the dilemmas facing policy makers as the debate about privatization shifts from the delivery of hard services, such as refuse collection, to human services. Contributors have very different perspectives: some are enthusiastic about privatization, others are very skeptical indeed. None of these papers has been published elsewhere; the volume developed from a 1987 conference on privatization sponsored by the La Follette Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Wisconsin Madison. A particular strength of this collection lies in its consideration of alternative forms of service delivery. The privatization of public housing, for instance, may involve subsidies to the poor (vouchers), tenant management (a hybrid form of privatization), or outright sale. How, and how well, have such policies worked? Examples from other countries may prove especially enlightening: the English sale of public housing to tenants is one of the largest asset sales in the entire privatization movement; Australia has experimented with public subsidies to private schools; and Japan has experimented with the privatization of law enforcement and corrections. These issues are the subject of lively public debate in the United States today and are discussed at length in this volume. Thus Privatization and Its Alternatives speaks not only to scholars of public policy but also to a wide range of practitioner who must decide whether or how to privatize."

Founding Martyr

Download Founding Martyr PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 055341934X
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (534 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Founding Martyr by : Christian Di Spigna

Download or read book Founding Martyr written by Christian Di Spigna and published by Crown. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rich and illuminating biography of America’s forgotten Founding Father, the patriot physician and major general who fomented rebellion and died heroically at the battle of Bunker Hill on the brink of revolution Little has been known of one of the most important figures in early American history, Dr. Joseph Warren, an architect of the colonial rebellion, and a man who might have led the country as Washington or Jefferson did had he not been martyred at Bunker Hill in 1775. Warren was involved in almost every major insurrectionary act in the Boston area for a decade, from the Stamp Act protests to the Boston Massacre to the Boston Tea Party, and his incendiary writings included the famous Suffolk Resolves, which helped unite the colonies against Britain and inspired the Declaration of Independence. Yet after his death, his life and legend faded, leaving his contemporaries to rise to fame in his place and obscuring his essential role in bringing America to independence. Christian Di Spigna’s definitive new biography of Warren is a loving work of historical excavation, the product of two decades of research and scores of newly unearthed primary-source documents that have given us this forgotten Founding Father anew. Following Warren from his farming childhood and years at Harvard through his professional success and political radicalization to his role in sparking the rebellion, Di Spigna’s thoughtful, judicious retelling not only restores Warren to his rightful place in the pantheon of Revolutionary greats, it deepens our understanding of the nation’s dramatic beginnings.

Dying for Ideas

Download Dying for Ideas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472522303
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dying for Ideas by : Costica Bradatan

Download or read book Dying for Ideas written by Costica Bradatan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do Socrates, Hypatia, Giordano Bruno, Thomas More, and Jan Patocka have in common? First, they were all faced one day with the most difficult of choices: stay faithful to your ideas and die or renounce them and stay alive. Second, they all chose to die. Their spectacular deaths have become not only an integral part of their biographies, but are also inseparable from their work. A "death for ideas" is a piece of philosophical work in its own right; Socrates may have never written a line, but his death is one of the greatest philosophical best-sellers of all time. Dying for Ideas explores the limit-situation in which philosophers find themselves when the only means of persuasion they can use is their own dying bodies and the public spectacle of their death. The book tells the story of the philosopher's encounter with death as seen from several angles: the tradition of philosophy as an art of living; the body as the site of self-transcending; death as a classical philosophical topic; taming death and self-fashioning; finally, the philosophers' scapegoating and their live performance of a martyr's death, followed by apotheosis and disappearance into myth. While rooted in the history of philosophy, Dying for Ideas is an exercise in breaking disciplinary boundaries. This is a book about Socrates and Heidegger, but also about Gandhi's "fasting unto death" and self-immolation; about Girard and Passolini, and self-fashioning and the art of the essay.

The Last Blackrobe of Indiana and the Potawatomi Trail of Death

Download The Last Blackrobe of Indiana and the Potawatomi Trail of Death PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780979130403
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Last Blackrobe of Indiana and the Potawatomi Trail of Death by : John William McMullen

Download or read book The Last Blackrobe of Indiana and the Potawatomi Trail of Death written by John William McMullen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of Roman: Unparalleled Outrage comes a true story of a French attorney-turned missionary priest, Benjamin Petit, and his mission to the Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana. Under the urging of Bishop Simon Brute, Petit joined the northern Indiana Potawatomi tribes in 1837, a year before their forced removal west. McMullen retells the story of Petit, who traveled with the Potawatomi and became part of their story. Of all the names connected with this crime, there is one, Father Benjamin Petit, the Christian martyr, which stands like a star in the firmament, growing brighter and it will shine on through ages to come.Benjamin Stuart John William McMullen, a native of Vincennes, Indiana, holds a Masters Degree in Theological Studies from Saint Meinrad School of Theology in Indiana. He is a Third Order Benedictine Oblate; a member of the Thomas More Society of Southwestern Indiana; and a member of the Holy Cross Historical Society of Notre Dame, Indiana. He is a Theology Instructor at Mater Dei High School in Evansville, Indiana, and an adjunct Philosophy Professor at Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. McMullen has written numerous articles on religion and politics, a collection of short stories, and five previous novels: ROMAN: Unparalleled Outrage; Defector From Hell; Utopia Revisited; 2084: Tomorrow is Today; and Poor Souls. He is currently working on another novel. He resides in Evansville with his wife and children.

Long Before Stonewall

Download Long Before Stonewall PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814727506
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Long Before Stonewall by : Thomas A. Foster

Download or read book Long Before Stonewall written by Thomas A. Foster and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2007-07 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism

Download The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198843801
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism by : James E. Kelly

Download or read book The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism written by James E. Kelly and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of The Oxford History of British & Irish Catholicism explores the period 1530-1640, from Henry VIII's break with Rome to the outbreak of the civil wars in Britain and Ireland. It analyses the efforts to create Catholic communities after the officially implemented change in religion, as well as the start of initiatives that would set the course of British and Irish Catholicism, including the beginning of the missionary enterprise and the formation of a network of exile religious institutions such as colleges and convents. This work explores every aspect of life for Catholics in both islands as they came to grips with the constant changes in religious policies that characterised this 110-year period. Accordingly, there are chapters on music, on literature in the vernaculars, on violence and martyrdom, and on the specifics of the female experience. Anxiety and the challenges of living in religiously mixed societies gave rise to new forms of creativity in religious life which made the Catholic experience much more than either plain continuity or endless endurance. Antipopery, or the extent to which Catholics became a symbolic antitype for Protestants, became in many respects a kind of philosophy about which political life in England, Scotland, and colonised Ireland began to revolve. At the same time the legal frameworks across both Britain and Ireland which sought to restrict, fine, or exclude Catholics from public life are given close attention throughout, as they were the daily exigencies which shaped identity just as much as devotions, liturgy, and directives emanating from the Catholic Reformation then ongoing in continental Europe.

Martyr's Promise

Download Martyr's Promise PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Recurve Press, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1941674690
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (416 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Martyr's Promise by : Elizabeth Hunter

Download or read book Martyr's Promise written by Elizabeth Hunter and published by Recurve Press, LLC. This book was released on 2024-06-19 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sometimes it takes a monster to hunt a monster. When Summer Mackenzie and her boyfriend disappear in the fog-shrouded forests of Northern California, it sets off more than one alarm. The sheriff’s department is looking for them, the state rangers are on their trail, and even private security companies have gotten involved. But Summer wasn’t an ordinary college student; she was a human born into the immortal Mackenzie clan, a line of powerful vampires from the Great Smoky Mountains. Now Carwyn ap Bryn and Brigid Connor are getting messages from allies across the world, old rivals, and new friends, all wanting to know where Summer is and why hikers along the Lost Coast keep going missing. If Brigid and Carwyn can’t find Summer, tensions between vampire clans might snap, leaving more than just the immortal world bloody. They might know how to search the wilderness, but the Northern California woods hold more than the average share of mysteries. Secretive immortals, suspicious humans, and ancient myths are all at home in a land where human highways come to a dead end and dense forests meet a rugged coast. Martyr’s Promise is a supernatural mystery in the Elemental Covenant series by Elizabeth Hunter, USA Today best-selling author of A Hidden Fire, Suddenly Psychic, and over forty other works of fantasy fiction.

John the Martyr

Download John the Martyr PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 1450200931
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis John the Martyr by : P. Kaiser Francis P. Kaiser

Download or read book John the Martyr written by P. Kaiser Francis P. Kaiser and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2009-12 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an overview of the life of my brother Father John Kaiser. He was a man of great physical, mental, and spiritual strength, a Catholic Priest who served in Kenya for thirty-six years and was then murdered, most likely by government officials. He was a man of unbelievable courage, loyalty, and dedication to his calling as pastor to the poor of Kenya. A man of true grit, he was one who wanted nothing more than to serve and protect the poor and innocent. His story speaks of murder and genocide witnessed at the hands of the Kenya government, the rape of young women by top officials, lies and cover-ups in government-sponsored murders which were routinely passed off as “suicides”.

Sacred Violence in Early America

Download Sacred Violence in Early America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812248139
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sacred Violence in Early America by : Susan Juster

Download or read book Sacred Violence in Early America written by Susan Juster and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Susan Juster explores different forms of sacred violence—blood sacrifice, holy war, malediction, and iconoclasm—to uncover how European traditions of ritual violence developed during the Reformation were introduced and ultimately transformed in the New World.

The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume I

Download The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume I PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192581988
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume I by : James E. Kelly

Download or read book The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume I written by James E. Kelly and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of The Oxford History of British & Irish Catholicism explores the period 1530-1640, from Henry VIII's break with Rome to the outbreak of the civil wars in Britain and Ireland. It analyses the efforts to create Catholic communities after the officially implemented change in religion, as well as the start of initiatives that would set the course of British and Irish Catholicism, including the beginning of the missionary enterprise and the formation of a network of exile religious institutions such as colleges and convents. This work explores every aspect of life for Catholics in both islands as they came to grips with the constant changes in religious policies that characterised this 110-year period. Accordingly, there are chapters on music, on literature in the vernaculars, on violence and martyrdom, and on the specifics of the female experience. Anxiety and the challenges of living in religiously mixed societies gave rise to new forms of creativity in religious life which made the Catholic experience much more than either plain continuity or endless endurance. Antipopery, or the extent to which Catholics became a symbolic antitype for Protestants, became in many respects a kind of philosophy about which political life in England, Scotland, and colonised Ireland began to revolve. At the same time the legal frameworks across both Britain and Ireland which sought to restrict, fine, or exclude Catholics from public life are given close attention throughout, as they were the daily exigencies which shaped identity just as much as devotions, liturgy, and directives emanating from the Catholic Reformation then ongoing in continental Europe.

Martyrdom in Modern Islam

Download Martyrdom in Modern Islam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139868306
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Martyrdom in Modern Islam by : Meir Hatina

Download or read book Martyrdom in Modern Islam written by Meir Hatina and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Islamic resurgence in modern times has received extensive treatment in scholarly literature. Most of this literature, however, deals with the concept of jihad and disputes between radicals and their rivals over theological and political issues, and far less with martyrdom and death. Moreover, studies that do address the issue of martyrdom focus mainly on 'suicide' attacks - a phenomenon of the late twentieth century and onward - without sufficiently placing them within a historical perspective or using an integrative approach to illuminate their political, social and symbolic features. This book fills these lacunae by tracing the evolving Islamic perceptions of martyrdom, its political and symbolic functions, and its use of past legacies in both Sunni and Shi'i milieus, with comparative references to Judaism, Christianity and other non-Islamic domains. Based on wide-ranging primary sources, along with historical and sociological literature, the study provides an in-depth analysis of modern Islamic martyrdom and its various interpretations while also evaluating the historical realities in which such interpretations were molded and debated.