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Author : Peter Matheson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Third Reich and the Christian Churches written by Peter Matheson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A documentary account of Christian resistance and complicity during the Nazi era.--cover.
Author : Doris L. Bergen
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807860344
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)
Download or read book Twisted Cross written by Doris L. Bergen and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did Germany's Christians respond to Nazism? In Twisted Cross, Doris Bergen addresses one important element of this response by focusing on the 600,000 self-described 'German Christians,' who sought to expunge all Jewish elements from the Christian church. In a process that became more daring as Nazi plans for genocide unfolded, this group of Protestant lay people and clergy rejected the Old Testament, ousted people defined as non-Aryans from their congregations, denied the Jewish ancestry of Jesus, and removed Hebrew words like 'Hallelujah' from hymns. Bergen refutes the notion that the German Christians were a marginal group and demonstrates that members occupied key positions within the Protestant church even after their agenda was rejected by the Nazi leadership. Extending her analysis into the postwar period, Bergen shows how the German Christians were relatively easily reincorporated into mainstream church life after 1945. Throughout Twisted Cross, Bergen reveals the important role played by women and by the ideology of spiritual motherhood amid the German Christians' glorification of a 'manly' church.
Author : Richard Bonney
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783039119042
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity written by Richard Bonney and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporaries and historians have found it difficult to interpret the ambiguous relationship between National Socialism and Christianity. Both the Catholic and Protestant Churches tended to agree with National Socialists in their authoritarianism, their attacks on socialism and communism, and their campaign against the Versailles Treaty; but the doctrinal position of the Churches could not be reconciled with the principle of racism, a foreign policy of unlimited aggressive warfare, or a domestic agenda involving the complete subservience of Church to State. Important sections of the Nazi Party sought the complete extirpation of Christianity and its substitution by a purely racial religion, but considerations of expediency made it impossible for the National Socialist leadership to adopt this radical anti-Christian stance as official policy. The Kulturkampf Newsletters, which have not appeared in English since the 1930s, were produced by German Catholic exiles in France. They scrupulously document the tensions between various strands of Nazi policy, and the nature of the policy eventually adopted: this was to reduce the Churches' influence in all areas of public life through the use of every available means, yet without provoking the difficulties - diplomatic as well as domestic - which an openly declared war of extermination might have caused.
Author : Klaus Scholder
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1532643233
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (326 download)
Download or read book The Churches and the Third Reich written by Klaus Scholder and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume of The Churches and the Third Reich, the last which the author lived to write, covers the year 1934. This year, which saw the birth of the Confessing Church and the great Synods of Barmen and Dahlem, was the year of disillusionment, in which all the hopes of 1933 were shattered one by one. The gripping narrative of the first volume is continued as in addition to the rise of a legitimate church opposition we see how the German Christians overreached themselves by seeking, without Hitler’s approval and against the law, to set up a Reich Church fully coordinated with the state. Meanwhile, the Roman Catholic Church was running into increasing difficulties as it tried to cope with the problems left unresolved on the conclusion of the Concordat. Like the first, this volume has many illustrations.
Author : Robert P. Ericksen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110701591X
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Complicity in the Holocaust written by Robert P. Ericksen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In one of the darker aspects of Nazi Germany, churches and universities - generally respected institutions - grew to accept and support Nazi ideology. Complicity in the Holocaust describes how the state's intellectual and spiritual leaders enthusiastically partnered with Hitler's regime, becoming active participants in the persecution of Jews, effectively giving Germans permission to participate in the Nazi regime. Ericksen also examines Germany's deeply flawed yet successful postwar policy of denazification in these institutions.
Author : Matthew D. Hockenos
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780253110312
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)
Download or read book A Church Divided written by Matthew D. Hockenos and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2004-10-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book closely examines the turmoil in the German Protestant churches in the immediate postwar years as they attempted to come to terms with the recent past. Reeling from the impact of war, the churches addressed the consequences of cooperation with the regime and the treatment of Jews. In Germany, the Protestant Church consisted of 28 autonomous regional churches. During the Nazi years, these churches formed into various alliances. One group, the German Christian Church, openly aligned itself with the Nazis. The rest were cautiously opposed to the regime or tried to remain noncommittal. The internal debates, however, involved every group and centered on issues of belief that were important to all. Important theologians such as Karl Barth were instrumental in pressing these issues forward. While not an exhaustive study of Protestantism during the Nazi years, A Church Divided breaks new ground in the discussion of responsibility, guilt, and the Nazi past.
Author : John S. Conway
Publisher : Regent College Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781573830805
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)
Download or read book The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945 written by John S. Conway and published by Regent College Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conway presents a landmark text on the history of German churches during the Nazi era.
Author : Klaus Scholder
Publisher : Augsburg Fortress Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book The Churches and the Third Reich: Preliminary history and the time of illusions, 1918-1934 written by Klaus Scholder and published by Augsburg Fortress Publishing. This book was released on 1988 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes ideological and factional conflicts within the Protestant Church and relations between the factions and the Nazi regime. Most references to the "Jewish question" are in the first volume. Pp. 99-119 discuss the prevalence of "völkisch" ideology, including antisemitism, in the Protestant Church during the Weimar period. Pp. 254-279 discuss the Churches' reactions to the anti-Jewish terror after the Nazi takeover, especially regarding the "Aryan paragraph" which stipulated the expulsion of "non-Aryan" Christian ministers. Although prominent laymen and clergy (e.g. Wilhelm von Pechmann, president of the Protestant Kirchenrat) demanded a public protest, the Churches' policymakers (e.g. Hermann Kapler) preferred not to provoke the regime at a time when their own autonomy was threatened. Subsequent chapters mention the "Aryan paragraph" as an issue in Protestant Church politics.
Author : Richard Steigmann-Gall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521823715
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (237 download)
Download or read book The Holy Reich written by Richard Steigmann-Gall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-04-21 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Author : John S. Conway
Publisher : London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933-45 written by John S. Conway and published by London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson. This book was released on 1968 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1968, and subsequently translated into German, French, and Spanish, The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933-1945 has become a landmark text on the history of the German churches during the Nazi era. Based on a careful examination of documents dealing with church affairs from the Nazi archives that survived the collapse of the Third Reich, J.S. Conway gives the reader a detailed account of the methods by which Hitler and his followers sought to deal with the Christian churches in the 1930s and the 1940s. - Back cover.
Author : Richard Weikart
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1621575519
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (215 download)
Download or read book Hitler's Religion written by Richard Weikart and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A book to challenge the status quo, spark a debate, and get people talking about the issues and questions we face as a country!
Author : Klaus Scholder
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1532643225
Total Pages : 769 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (326 download)
Download or read book The Churches and the Third Reich written by Klaus Scholder and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental, comprehensive, controversial study is the first volume of a definitive history of the churches in Germany between the wars. It is especially significant in that it is based on a great deal of original research into both religious and political sources, and is the first book to work on the presupposition that an accurate picture of the churches in the Third Reich demands that both Protestant and Roman Catholic churches are studied side by side, since it was the rivalry between the churches that in some ways contributed to their downfall. Contrary to what has often been asserted, Professor Scholder argues that Hitler did have a plan for the churches over a long period. Crucial to that plan on the Catholic side was his desire for a concordat parallel to that achieved by Mussolini, keeping the clergy out of politics, which the Vatican was over-hasty to meet; it was the attempt to treat the Protestant churches in a similar way to the Catholic church, which led to the difficulties that ended in the church struggle. There is also a realistic analysis of the Jewish question, documenting the churches’ failure in this area with severity and scholarly rigor. The first part covers developments up to Hitler’s seizure of power; the second is devoted to the year 1933, during which all the major issues were in fact decided.
Author : Susannah Heschel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691148058
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book The Aryan Jesus written by Susannah Heschel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-03 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was Jesus a Nazi? During the Third Reich, German Protestant theologians, motivated by racism and tapping into traditional Christian anti-Semitism, redefined Jesus as an Aryan and Christianity as a religion at war with Judaism. In 1939, these theologians established the Institute for the Study and Eradication of Jewish Influence on German Religious Life. In The Aryan Jesus, Susannah Heschel shows that during the Third Reich, the Institute became the most important propaganda organ of German Protestantism, exerting a widespread influence and producing a nazified Christianity that placed anti-Semitism at its theological center. Based on years of archival research, The Aryan Jesus examines the membership and activities of this controversial theological organization. With headquarters in Eisenach, the Institute sponsored propaganda conferences throughout the Nazi Reich and published books defaming Judaism, including a dejudaized version of the New Testament and a catechism proclaiming Jesus as the savior of the Aryans. Institute members--professors of theology, bishops, and pastors--viewed their efforts as a vital support for Hitler's war against the Jews. Heschel looks in particular at Walter Grundmann, the Institute's director and a professor of the New Testament at the University of Jena. Grundmann and his colleagues formed a community of like-minded Nazi Christians who remained active and continued to support each other in Germany's postwar years. The Aryan Jesus raises vital questions about Christianity's recent past and the ambivalent place of Judaism in Christian thought.
Author : Hubert G. Locke
Publisher : Edwin Mellen Press
ISBN 13 : 9780889467620
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (676 download)
Download or read book The Church Confronts the Nazis written by Hubert G. Locke and published by Edwin Mellen Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of working papers published in preparation for the American conference at Seattle observing the 50th anniversary of the Barmen Declaration. In the paper by J.S. Conway, the struggle between the churches and the Third Reich is detailed. The author argues that the Barmen Declaration was not intended as a political protest against the Hitler state, but only the nazified Church, that the Confessing Church was never really the spearhead of resistance to the tyranny that engulfed Germany, that the Roman Catholic Church was essentially neutralized and that the churchgoing population did not realize the implications of Nazism until it was too late.
Author :
Publisher : Fortress Press
ISBN 13 : 1451496664
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (514 download)
Download or read book A Church Undone written by and published by Fortress Press. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades after the Holocaust, many assume that the churches in Germany resisted the Nazi regime. In fact, resistance was exceptional. The Deutsche Christen, or "German Christians," a movement within German Protestantism, integrated Nazi ideology, nationalism, and Christian faith. Marrying religious anti-Judaism to the Nazis' racial antisemitism, they aimed to remove everything Jewish from Christianity. For the first time in English, Mary M. Solberg presents a selection of "German Christian" documents. Her introduction sets the historical context. Includes responses critical of the German Christians by Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
Author : James Irvin Lichti
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9780820467313
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (673 download)
Download or read book Houses on the Sand? written by James Irvin Lichti and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Under Hitler, Germany's state-linked provincial churches functioned as seedbeds of nationalism. A smaller and independent church form - the "free church" or denomination - offered greater promise of nonconformity. Linked by pacifist traditions, German Mennonites, Seventh-day Adventists, and Quakers promoted a range of liberal principles: empowerment of the individual conscience, respect for confessional diversity, and separation of church and state. Nonetheless, two of these denominations used these same principles to defend and even embrace the Nazi regime. This book examines what makes Christian communities - when meeting the harsh challenges of modernity - viable entities of faith or hollow forms."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Sebastian Dregger
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640131185
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Conflicts, Compromises and Mutual Self-interest - how the Nazis and the Catholic and Protestant Churches Dealt with Each Other During the Third Reich written by Sebastian Dregger and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-08 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2008 in the subject History Europe - Germany - National Socialism, World War II, grade: 71 = A, Oxford Brookes University, course: The Nazi Dictatorship, 1933-1945, 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Free from any apologetic or debunking fuss, the essay depicts the complex relationship between the Nazi state and the Catholic and Protestant Churches during the Third Reich. Focussing on three major areas of conflict between the Churches and the Nazis(sychronization ('Gleichschaltung'), the Nazis' anti-church policies, the churches and euthanasia) the essay's argument is that a pragmatic approach by both Churches and the Nazis based on the preservation of mutual self-interest is the key to understand their dealing with each other in each individual case of conflict. In a second part, the essays seeks to explain why both protagonists preferred a pragmatic instead of a more radical and uncompromising approach to each other, stating that three factors are accountable for this: First, mutually shared political views based on anti-liberalism and anti-Marxism; second, a tremendous mispercerption of the regime's nature by both churches; third, the limits of anti-church policies among a population still being deeply Christianized.
