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Author : W. C. H. Church
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (781 download)
Download or read book The Surplus of Imports Over Exports written by W. C. H. Church and published by . This book was released on 190? with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. C. H. Church
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book The Surplus of Imports Over Exports written by W. C. H. Church and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jan Henkel
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638752070
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (387 download)
Download or read book International Trade Strategies - Conceptually Discuss and Empirically Explain Japan's Ability to Persistently Huge Trade Surpluses written by Jan Henkel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Other States, grade: high distinction (87/100), The University of Sydney (Faculty of Economics and Business), course: Economic develoment of modern Japan, 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In the early 1950s "export or die" was a national slogan, which describes one strategy of the govenment to ensure economic growth in Japan. This essay is dealing about international trade strategies in Japan after the second World War. The major goal of this work is to conceptually discuss and emprically explain how it was possible for Japan to sustain huge trade surpluses. First of all it is necessary to define what is meant by trade surplus. A trade surplus exists when the balance-of-trade of a country is positive. That means that the extent of the value of merchandise exports has to exceed the value of merchandise imports (Levi: p. 589). In general a country can achieve a trade surplus if it tries to maximize its exports and to minimize its imports. The structure of my essay is followed by these two principles. Therefore a first part will deal with the exports of Japan, i.e. with the question how exports can be maximized. I will try to dicuss how exports have been promoted by MITI and what further circumstances led to the significant growth of the export sector. In a second part I am going to analyse the restrictions on imports. This chapter will include the explanation of tariff and non- tariff barriers as well as a discussion about the closed nature of the Japanese market. But previous it is necessary to deal with the theoretical concepts. After that I am going to compare these with what happened in the Japanese reality so that I can finally summarize which factors have been the most influential to maintain the surplus of Japanese balance- of- trade.
Author : Nagwa Riad
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1463973101
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (639 download)
Download or read book Changing Patterns of Global Trade written by Nagwa Riad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing Patterns of Global Trade outlines the factors underlying important shifts in global trade that have occurred in recent decades. The emergence of global supply chains and their increasing role in trade patterns allowed emerging market economies to boost their inputs in high-technology exports and is associated with increased trade interconnectedness.The analysis points to one important trend taking place over the last decade: the emergence of China as a major systemically important trading hub, reflecting not only the size of trade but also the increase in number of its significant trading partners.
Author : Lawrence J. Gitman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947172555
Total Pages : 732 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (725 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Business written by Lawrence J. Gitman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond.
Author : Michael Pettis
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195143300
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (433 download)
Download or read book The Volatility Machine written by Michael Pettis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a radically different argument for what has caused, and likely will continue to cause, the collapse of emerging market economies. Pettis combines the insights of economic history, economic theory, and finance theory into a comprehensive model for understanding sovereign liability management and the causes of financial crises. He examines recent financial crises in emerging market countries along with the history of international lending since the 1820s to argue that the process of international lending is driven primarily by external events and not by local politics and/or economic policies. He draws out the corporate finance implications of this approach to argue that most of the current analyses of the recent financial crises suffered by Latin America, Asia, and Russia have largely missed the point. He then develops a sovereign finance model, analogous to corporate finance, to understand the capital structure needs of emerging market countries. Using this model, he finally puts into perspective the recent crises, a new sovereign liability management theory, the implications of the model for sovereign debt restructurings, and the new financial architecture. Bridging the gap between finance specialists and traders, on the one hand, and economists and policy-makers on the other, The Volatility Machine is critical reading for anyone interested in where the international economy is going over the next several years.
Author : Richard E. Baldwin
Publisher : CEPR
ISBN 13 : 1907142061
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (71 download)
Download or read book The Great Trade Collapse: Causes, Consequences and Prospects written by Richard E. Baldwin and published by CEPR. This book was released on 2009 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : U. S. Customs and Border Protection
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781304100061
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 ( download)
Download or read book Importing Into the United States written by U. S. Customs and Border Protection and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Author : Paul R. Krugman
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1422133400
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (221 download)
Download or read book A Country is Not a Company written by Paul R. Krugman and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nobel-Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman argues that business leaders need to understand the differences between economic policy on the national and international scale and business strategy on the organizational scale. Economists deal with the closed system of a national economy, whereas executives live in the open-system world of business. Moreover, economists know that an economy must be run on the basis of general principles, but businesspeople are forever in search of the particular brilliant strategy. Krugman's article serves to elucidate the world of economics for businesspeople who are so close to it and yet are continually frustrated by what they see. Since 1922, Harvard Business Review has been a leading source of breakthrough management ideas-many of which still speak to and influence us today. The Harvard Business Review Classics series now offers readers the opportunity to make these seminal pieces a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world-and will have a direct impact on you today and for years to come.
Author : Jason Katzman
Publisher : Skyhorse Publishing Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1616081112
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (16 download)
Download or read book A Basic Guide to Exporting written by Jason Katzman and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.
Author : Martin Feldstein
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226241807
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)
Download or read book International Capital Flows written by Martin Feldstein and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent changes in technology, along with the opening up of many regions previously closed to investment, have led to explosive growth in the international movement of capital. Flows from foreign direct investment and debt and equity financing can bring countries substantial gains by augmenting local savings and by improving technology and incentives. Investing companies acquire market access, lower cost inputs, and opportunities for profitable introductions of production methods in the countries where they invest. But, as was underscored recently by the economic and financial crises in several Asian countries, capital flows can also bring risks. Although there is no simple explanation of the currency crisis in Asia, it is clear that fixed exchange rates and chronic deficits increased the likelihood of a breakdown. Similarly, during the 1970s, the United States and other industrial countries loaned OPEC surpluses to borrowers in Latin America. But when the U.S. Federal Reserve raised interest rates to control soaring inflation, the result was a widespread debt moratorium in Latin America as many countries throughout the region struggled to pay the high interest on their foreign loans. International Capital Flows contains recent work by eminent scholars and practitioners on the experience of capital flows to Latin America, Asia, and eastern Europe. These papers discuss the role of banks, equity markets, and foreign direct investment in international capital flows, and the risks that investors and others face with these transactions. By focusing on capital flows' productivity and determinants, and the policy issues they raise, this collection is a valuable resource for economists, policymakers, and financial market participants.
Author : Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022639901X
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Author : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserv
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781542904476
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (44 download)
Download or read book The Global Trade Slowdown and Its Implications for Emerging Asia written by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserv and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy is at a critical juncture today. According to the International Monetary Fund's latest World Economic Outlook, global gross domestic product (GDP) is set to grow at only 3.1 percent this year, the lowest rate of growth since the Global Financial Crisis. Investment and productivity remain subdued, despite extremely low and even negative interest rates in many economies. One key aspect of global weakness that is of particular relevance to emerging Asian economies is the sharp slowdown in global trade. This slowdown represents a notable departure from the "normal" times of the past few decades, and is the subject of my remarks today.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 145197146X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book IMF Staff papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1951-01-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explains contribution of the September 1949 devaluations to the solution of Europe’s dollar problem. After the devaluations, the dollar value of exports to the United States from the devaluing countries in Europe recovered from the low levels of the second and third quarters of 1949, but this recovery, which restored exports in the first half of 1950 approximately to the 1948 level should be attributed in large part to the recovery in the US economy rather than to the devaluations. Between the first half of 1949 and the first half of 1950, Europe's dollar imports declined by one-third. Most of this decline occurred, however, between the second and third quarter of 1949, that is, before the devaluations. With imports generally controlled, the effect of the devaluations appeared much more in the reduction of pressure on the control authorities, the substitution of the price mechanism for at least part of the controls as barriers to imports, and the consequent more rational allocation of the relatively scarce dollars among different uses and different users.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 9781557754707
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (547 download)
Download or read book Balance of Payments Compilation Guide written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-03-15 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A companion document to the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the Balance of Payments Compilation Guide shows how the conceptual framework described in the Manual may be implemented in practice. The primary purpose of the Guide is to provide practical guidance for using sources and methods to compile statistics on the balance of payments and the international investment position. the Guide is designed to assist balance of payments compilers and statisticians in understanding the relative strengths and weaknesses of various approaches. The material reflects the emergence of new data sources and adaptations in the application of statistical methodologies to changing circumstances. Discussed in the Guide are all of the tasks that a BOP compiler normally performs. Appendices contain a set of model BOP questionnaires and a set of model BOP publication tables. Relationships between the balance of payments statistics and relevant aspects of national accounts are covered as well.
Author : Jesse Richman
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 073918881X
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)
Download or read book Balanced Trade written by Jesse Richman and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should a principled nation which believes in the benefits of mutually beneficial trade respond to the predations of mercantilist trading partners and imbalanced trade? Many argue that the response should be to do little or nothing. Balanced Trade argues that achieving the full benefits of international trade requires an effective response. Although trade deficits provide short-term gains in consumption, these are combined with long-term losses in consumption, innovation, investment, employment and power. Furthermore, market mechanisms do not correct trade imbalances that result from mercantilism, nor do they compensate for the long term shift in production and consumption towards the mercantilist. Balancing trade can make important short run and long run contributions to economic stability and prosperity. In America today, despite the growing evidence that imbalanced free trade is not working, many American economists remain adamant in their promotion of free trade. They are also quick to label actions taken to balance trade as protectionism. The political system has also failed to effectively address the problem of imbalanced trade, and the Federal Reserve has often exacerbated rather than addressed the challenge. We show that the classical economic arguments against mercantilism do not justify doing nothing. Effectively responding to imbalanced trade and mercantilism requires careful selection of strategy in order to achieve multiple objectives: balancing trade while maintaining the benefits of international trade, avoiding unnecessary inefficiencies, and maintaining compliance with international law. One of the best options is the Scaled Tariff. By targeting countries with which the United States has a large current account deficit, the Scaled Tariff would efficiently, legally, and effectively balance trade. It would be applied to all imported goods from trade surplus countries that have had a sizable trade surplus with the United States over the most recent four economic quarters.The tariff rate would be designed to take in a portion (e.g. 50%) of the bilateral trade deficit (goods plus services) as revenue. No particular product is protected; the scaled tariff simply changes the terms of trade between the two countries, much as currency devaluation would change the terms of trade with all countries.
Author : Jane Haldimand Marcet
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781015584525
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (845 download)
Download or read book John Hopkins's Notions on Political Economy written by Jane Haldimand Marcet and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
