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The Structure Of Behavior
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Book Synopsis The Structure of Behavior by : Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Download or read book The Structure of Behavior written by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and published by Duquesne. This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the time of his death in May 1961, Maurice Merleau-Ponty held the chair of Philosophy at the College de France. Together with Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, he was cofounder of the successful and influential review Les Temps Modernes. However, after Merleau-Ponty's two studies of Marxist theory and practice (Humanisme et Terreur and Les Aventures de la Dialectique), he alienated both orthodox Marxists and "mandarins of the left" such as Sartre and de Beauvoir. Perhaps his most lasting contribution to the interpretation of human existence was his formulation of a positive philosophical approach to psychology the foundations of which were clearly outlined in The Structure of Behavior and later more fully developed in Phenomenology of Perception.
Book Synopsis Plans and the Structure of Behavior by : George a. Miller
Download or read book Plans and the Structure of Behavior written by George a. Miller and published by Martino Fine Books. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2013 Reprint of 1960 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. By 1960, psychology had come to be dominated by behaviorism and learning theory, which emphasized the observable stimulus and response components of human and animal behavior while ignoring the cognitive processes that mediate the relationship between the stimulus and response. The cognitive phenomena occurring within the "black box" between stimulus and response were of little interest to behaviorists, as their mathematical models worked without them. In 1960, the book "Plans and the Structure of Behavior," authored by George A. Miller, Eugene Galanter, and Karl H. Pribram, was published. In this volume, Miller and his colleagues sought to unify the behaviorists' learning theory with a cognitive model of learned behavior. Whereas the behaviorists suggested that a simple reflex arc underlies the acquisition of the stimulus-response relationship, Miller and his colleagues proposed that "some mediating organization of experience is necessary" somewhere between the stimulus and response, in effect a cognitive process which must include monitoring devices that control the acquisition of the stimulus-response relationship. They named this fundamental unit of behavior the T.O.T.E. for "Test - Operate - Test - Exit."
Book Synopsis The Study of Behavior by : Jerry A. Hogan
Download or read book The Study of Behavior written by Jerry A. Hogan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique framework for understanding diverse issues across behavior studies, facilitating collaboration between sub-disciplines.
Book Synopsis Behavior and Culture in One Dimension by : Dennis Waters
Download or read book Behavior and Culture in One Dimension written by Dennis Waters and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavior and Culture in One Dimension adopts a broad interdisciplinary approach, presenting a unified theory of sequences and their functions and an overview of how they underpin the evolution of complexity. Sequences of DNA guide the functioning of the living world, sequences of speech and writing choreograph the intricacies of human culture, and sequences of code oversee the operation of our literate technological civilization. These linear patterns function under their own rules, which have never been fully explored. It is time for them to get their due. This book explores the one-dimensional sequences that orchestrate the structure and behavior of our three-dimensional habitat. Using Gibsonian concepts of perception, action, and affordances, as well as the works of Howard Pattee, the book examines the role of sequences in the human behavioral and cultural world of speech, writing, and mathematics. The book offers a Darwinian framework for understanding human cultural evolution and locates the two major informational transitions in the origins of life and civilization. It will be of interest to students and researchers in ecological psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, and the social and biological sciences.
Book Synopsis Analysis and Behavior of Structures by : Edwin C. Rossow
Download or read book Analysis and Behavior of Structures written by Edwin C. Rossow and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering students a presentation of classical structural analysis, this text emphasizes the limitations required in creating mathematical models for analysis, including these used in computer programs. Students are encouraged to use hand methods of analysis to develop a feel for the behaviour of structures.
Book Synopsis The Role of Behavior in Evolution by : Henry C. Plotkin
Download or read book The Role of Behavior in Evolution written by Henry C. Plotkin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These six original essays focus on a potentially important aspect of evolutionary biology, the possible causal role of phenotypic behavior in evolution. Balancing theory with actual or potential empiricism, they provide the first full examination of this topic. Plotkin's opening chapter outlines the "conceptual minefields" that the contributors attempt to negotiate: What is an adequate theory of evolution? What is behavior and is it possible to maintain a distinction between behavior and other attributes of the phenotype? is all, or only a special subset, of behavior both a cause and a consequence of evolution? And what do the theoretical issues mean in empirical terms? He concludes that any attempt to understand the causal role of behavior in evolution requires a more complicated theoretical structure than that of orthodox neoDarwinism, a conceptualization of behavior as a distinctive set of phenotypic attributes, and the accumulation of more data. David L. Hull (Northwestern University) provides an alternative account of the evolutionary process by developing a hierarchy of replicators-interactors-lineages to replace the traditional one of genes-organisms-species. Robert N. Brandon (Duke University) also posits hierarchy as an appropriate architecture for the theoretical complexity needed to support an examination of the role of behavior in evolution. F. J. Odling-Smee (Brunei University) outlines a theoretical structure to encompass the behavior of phenotypes, concentrating on the unrestricted definition of behavior (everything that an animal does). The remaining chapters are as much concerned with evidence as with theory. Plotkin concentrates on a restricted definition of behavior (behavior that is a product of choosing intelligence), reviewing our empirical knowledge of how learning might influence evolution. R.I.M. Dunbar (University College, London) uses empirical studies of vertebrate social behavior to deal with the question of how the social systems, especially of primates, might have a causal role in species evolution. A Bradford Book
Book Synopsis Verbal Behavior by : Burrhus Frederic Skinner
Download or read book Verbal Behavior written by Burrhus Frederic Skinner and published by New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. This book was released on 1957 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior by : Kenneth Lee Pike
Download or read book Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior written by Kenneth Lee Pike and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Group Beliefs written by Daniel Bar-Tal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Individuals who live in groups hold common beliefs which define their reality, not only as persons, but also as group members. This reality becomes especially important when group members become aware that they share beliefs and are convinced that these beliefs characterize them as a group. In this case common beliefs become group beliefs." With this statement, Dr. Bar-Tal begins his far-reaching analysis of beliefs as a group phenomenon. Group beliefs are shown to have important behavioral, cognitive, and affective implications for group members and the group as a whole. They may contribute to the behavioral direction a group takes, coordinate group activities, determine the intensity and involvement of group members, and influence the way group members affect the leaders. This book introduces and articulates the implications of a new concept of group beliefs, shedding new light on the structure and processes of groups, focusing on such phenomena as group formation, subgrouping, splits, mergence and group disintegration. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, this integrative conception opens new avenues to the study and understanding of group behavior.
Download or read book Pattern written by Andrea Gleiniger and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As models and paradigms, patterns have been helping to orient architects since the Middle Ages. But patterns are also the basis of the history of ornament, an aesthetic phenomenon that links all times and cultures at a fundamental level. Ornament – and hence pattern as well – was abolished by the avant-garde in the first half of the twentieth century, but the notion of pattern has taken on new meaning and importance since the 1960s. Complexity research has ultimately shown that even highly complex, dynamic patterns may be based on simple behavioral rules, and that has allowed the notions of pattern and pattern formation to take on new meanings, that are also central for architecture. Today the use of generative computerized methods is opening up new ways of talking about an idea that is becoming increasingly abstract and dynamic. Pattern explores the question: what are the notions of pattern that must be discussed in the context of contemporary architecture?
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 3052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Second Edition, Four Volume Set the latest update since the 2010 release, builds upon the solid foundation established in the first edition. Updated sections include Host-parasite interactions, Vertebrate social behavior, and the introduction of ‘overview essays’ that boost the book's comprehensive detail. The structure for the work is modified to accommodate a better grouping of subjects. Some chapters have been reshuffled, with section headings combined or modified. Represents a one-stop resource for scientifically reliable information on animal behavior Provides comparative approaches, including the perspective of evolutionary biologists, physiologists, endocrinologists, neuroscientists and psychologists Includes multimedia features in the online version that offer accessible tools to readers looking to deepen their understanding
Book Synopsis How the Mind Explains Behavior by : Bertram F. Malle
Download or read book How the Mind Explains Behavior written by Bertram F. Malle and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this provocative monograph, Bertram Malle describes behavior explanations as having a dual nature—as being both cognitive and social acts—and proposes a comprehensive theoretical model that integrates the two aspects. When people try to understand puzzling human behavior, they construct behavior explanations, which are a fundamental tool of social cognition. But, Malle argues, behavior explanations exist not only in the mind; they are also overt verbal actions used for social purposes. When people explain their own behavior or the behavior of others, they are using the explanation to manage a social interaction—by offering clarification, trying to save face, or casting blame. Malle's account makes clear why these two aspects of behavior explanation exist and why they are closely linked; along the way, he illustrates the astonishingly sophisticated and subtle patterns of folk behavior explanations. Malle begins by reviewing traditional attribution theories and their simplified portrayal of behavior explanation. A more realistic portrayal, he argues, must be grounded in the nature, function, and origins of the folk theory of mind—the conceptual framework underlying people's grasp of human behavior and its connection to the mind. Malle then presents a theory of behavior explanations, focusing first on their conceptual structure and then on their psychological construction. He applies this folk-conceptual theory to a number of questions, including the communicative functions of behavior explanations, and the differences in explanations given for self and others as well as for individuals and groups. Finally, he highlights the strengths of the folk-conceptual theory of explanation over traditional attribution theory and points to future research applications.
Book Synopsis Basic Structural Behaviour by : Barry Hilson
Download or read book Basic Structural Behaviour written by Barry Hilson and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title uses model structures to demonstrate the way different types of structural elements behave under a given set of circumstances and the way in which the form of the structure influences that behaviour. It enables students to develop intuitive feeling for structural behaviour by observing different forms of structure under load.
Book Synopsis How Snakes Work by : Harvey B. Lillywhite
Download or read book How Snakes Work written by Harvey B. Lillywhite and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone can look at a snake and see a creature unique unto itself, a reptile with a set of zoological and biological traits that are entirely its own. Just looking at this distinct animal raises many scientific questions. With regard to evolution, how did such an animal come to be? How does a snake move, and how do its sense organs differ from that of other reptiles? How does it eat, and how does it reproduce? Essentially, how does a snake "work"? In How Snakes Work: The Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes, leading zoologist Harvey B. Lillywhite has written the definitive scientific guide to the functional biology of snakes. Written for both herpetologists and a more general audience with an interest in the field, How Snakes Work features nearly two hundred color images of various species of snakes, used to provide visual examples of biological features explained in the text. Chapter topics include the evolutionary history of the snake, feeding, locomotion, the structure and function of skin, circulation and respiration, sense organs, sound production, temperature and thermoregulation, and reproduction. Containing all the latest research and advances in our biological knowledge of the snake, How Snakes Work is an indispensable asset to professional zoologists and enthusiasts alike.
Book Synopsis Structural/Process Models of Complex Human Behavior by : J.M. Scandura
Download or read book Structural/Process Models of Complex Human Behavior written by J.M. Scandura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1978-12-31 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of Human Behavior by : Michael Starks
Download or read book The Logical Structure of Human Behavior written by Michael Starks and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is my contention that the table of intentionality (rationality, mind, thought, language, personality etc.) that features prominently here describes more or less accurately, or at least serves as an heuristic for, how we think and behave, and so it encompasses not merely philosophy and psychology, but everything else (history, literature, mathematics, politics etc.). Note especially that intentionality and rationality as I (along with Searle, Wittgenstein and others) view it, includes both conscious deliberative linguistic System 2 and unconscious automated prelinguistic System 1 actions or reflexes. I provide a critical survey of some of the major findings of two of the most eminent students of behavior of modern times, Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle, on the logical structure of intentionality (mind, language, behavior), taking as my starting point Wittgenstein's fundamental discovery -that all truly 'philosophical' problems are the same-confusions about how to use language in a particular context, and so all solutions are the same-looking at how language can be used in the context at issue so that its truth conditions (Conditions of Satisfaction or COS) are clear. The basic problem is that one can say anything but one cannot mean (state clear COS for) any arbitrary utterance and meaning is only possible in a very specific context. I analyze various writings by and about them from the modern perspective of the two systems of thought (popularized as 'thinking fast, thinking slow'), employing a new table of intentionality and new dual systems nomenclature. I show that this is a powerful heuristic for describing behavior. Thus, all behavior is intimately connected if one takes the correct viewpoint. The Phenomenological Illusion (oblivion to our automated System 1) is universal and extends not merely throughout philosophy but throughout life. I am sure that Chomsky, Obama, Zuckerberg and the Pope would be incredulous if told that they suffer from the same problem as Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger, (or that that they differ only in degree from drug and sex addicts in being motivated by stimulation of their frontal cortices by the delivery of dopamine (and over 100 other chemicals) via the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens), but it's clearly true. While the phenomenologists only wasted a lot of people's time, they are wasting the earth and their descendant's future.
Book Synopsis The Shaping of Us by : Lily Bernheimer
Download or read book The Shaping of Us written by Lily Bernheimer and published by . This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international exploration of how our physical environments shape and define us
