The Strength Properties Of Timbers

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Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers

Author : J.F. Rijsdijk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0792328752
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers by : J.F. Rijsdijk

Download or read book Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers written by J.F. Rijsdijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-10-31 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To obtain the best attainable end-use stability of a wooden product it is essential to have information on the movement and shrinkage that may be expected. In this context, it is essential when drying timber to choose an accurate drying schedule in relation to the shrinkage figures and the risk of deformation. Generally, many timber properties are closely related to the density and the nominal specific gravity. With the given detailed information (per wood species), the water content (amount of evaporation and energy in timber drying) or the void volume (in case of impregnation, in order to estimate the maximum uptake of a liquid) in the wood can be calculated. The physical properties of 145 commercial timbers have been determined in the past decades. They comprise the shrinkage and swelling values, equilibrium moisture content, hysteresis, density and nominal specific gravity, including the variation coefficients of these values. The shrinkage, swelling and hysteresis are presented in graphic form; the other information in tabular form. Additional information about some other properties of physical nature has been added, e.g. gluelam products and rattan.

Timber

Author : H E Desch
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Timber by : H E Desch

Download or read book Timber written by H E Desch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-06-13 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly 60 years, Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use has been the authoritative text on timber technology. Now in its seventh edition, this book remains a vital resource, providing accurate, comprehensive, and fact-driven information for students and professionals in the field. From basic coverage of timber structure, properties, processing, and utilization, to more in-depth scientific investigations, this book covers all the issues and topics of concern to readers with a wide range of levels of sophistication. Timber technology has not stood still since the last revision; Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use has kept the pace, exploring such high-tech topics as computer-aided wood identification and log conversion, radio frequency drying of wood, enhancement of wood with plastics, application of preservatives with high-pressure vacuum systems, and the development and application of flame-retardant solutions. Other timely updates include enlarging the chapter on mechanical performance to cover elastic behavior, toughness, and the use of structural-sized timber for strength tests. The chapter on board materials has also been extensively updated and enlarged to include information on new boards and structural composites that have emerged since the last edition. One of the most important strengths of Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use is its versatility as a reference for timber professionals while remaining approachable to students in the field. Evidence of the book?s comprehensiveness and versatility becomes clear as it teaches readers about such wide-ranging topics as: identification and nomenclature of timbers variability in cellular features between species principal chemical constituents in timber structural variability caused by natural defects such as bark pockets, resin streaks, and brittleheart determination of density and moisture content in timber thermal and acoustic properties of wood conversion equipment such as circular saws, band saws, frame saws, and chipper canters health and safety issues in the industry adhesives, metal connectors, and joint design forest and millyard pests application of preservatives and finishes From basic identification and timber nomenclature to methods of sap displacement and tests of electrical conductivity, Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use covers it all. And while it is no longer possible for any one individual to write authoritatively on every aspect of timber technology, embracing as it does structure, properties, conversion, utilization, and behavior in service, J. M. Dinwoodie has gathered expert opinions and expanded on original author H. E. Desch?s approach and vision to continue to provide the authoritative text on timber technology.

Wood Properties and Processing

Author : Miha Humar
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039288210
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Properties and Processing by : Miha Humar

Download or read book Wood Properties and Processing written by Miha Humar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-23 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other.

Fracture and Fatigue in Wood

Author : Ian Smith
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471487081
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Fracture and Fatigue in Wood by : Ian Smith

Download or read book Fracture and Fatigue in Wood written by Ian Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-06-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage in wood is principally the result of fatigue. Fatigue is the process of progressive localised irreversible change in a material, and may culminate in cracks or complete fracture if conditions that initiated or propagated the process persist. Comprehensive understanding of fatigue and fracture in engineered wood components must be founded on a proper understanding of the damage processes. Although wood is the world's most widely used structural material, whether measured by volume consumed or value of finished construction, its behaviour is not well understood even by people who have spent their careers studying it. * What is known about failure processes comes almost entirely from empirical evidence collected for engineering purposes. * Hypotheses about behaviour of wood are based on macroscopic observation of specimens during and following tests. * With only limited resources and the need to obtain practical results quickly, the timber engineering research community has steered away from the scientific approach. * Forestry practices are changing and are known to influence characteristics of wood cells therefore there is a need to periodically reassess the mechanical properties of visually graded lumber the blackbox approach. Fatigue and Fracture of Wood examines the above issues from a scientific point of view by drawing on the authors' own research as well as previously published material. Unlike the empirical research, the book begins by examining growth of wood. It briefly examines its structure in relation to how trees grow, before assessing the fatigue and fracture of wood and discussing the scientific methods of modelling fatigue. * Covers from macro to micro behaviour of wood * Presents direct evidence of how wood fractures using Scanning Electron Microscopy * The first book to present a physically correct model for fracture in wood * Provides experimental proof of so-called memory in wood (i.e. dependence of fatigue behaviour on the loading sequence) * Givse practical illustrations of how theories and models can be applied in practice An essential resource for wood scientists/engineers, timber-engineering practitioners, and graduate students studying wood and solid mechanics.

Probabilities and Materials

Author : D. Breysse
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401111421
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilities and Materials by : D. Breysse

Download or read book Probabilities and Materials written by D. Breysse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most industrial and natural materials exhibit a macroscopic behaviour which results from the existence of microscale inhomogeneities. The influence of such inhomogeneities is commonly modelled using probabilistic methods. Most of the approaches to the evaluation of the safety of structures according to probabilistic criteria are somewhat scattered, however, and it is time to present such material in a coherent and up-to-date form. Probabilities and Materials undertakes this task, and also defines the great tasks that must be tackled in coming years. For engineers and researchers dealing with materials, geotechnics, solid mechanics, soil mechanics, statistics and stochastic processes. The expository nature of the book means that no prior knowledge of statistics or probability is required of the reader. The book can thus serve as an excellent introduction to the nature of applied statistics and stochastic modelling.

Timber Engineering

Author : Sven Thelandersson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470844694
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Timber Engineering by : Sven Thelandersson

Download or read book Timber Engineering written by Sven Thelandersson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber construction is one of the most prevalent methods of constructing buildings in North America and an increasingly significant method of construction in Europe and the rest of the world. Timber Engineering deals not only with the structural aspects of timber construction, structural components, joints and systems based on solid timber and engineered wood products, but also material behaviour and properties on a wood element level. Produced by internationally renowned experts in the field, this book represents the state of the art in research on the understanding of the material behaviour of solid wood and engineered wood products. There is no comparable compendium currently available on the topic - the subjects represented include the most recent phenomena of timber engineering and the newest development of practice-related research. Grouped into three different sections, 'Basic properties of wood-based structural elements', 'Design aspects on timber structures' and 'Joints and structural assemblies', this book focuses on key issues in the understanding of: timber as a modern engineered construction material with controlled and documented properties the background for design of structural systems based on timber and engineered wood products the background for structural design of joints in structural timber systems Furthermore, this invaluable book contains advanced teaching material for all technical schools and universities involved in timber engineering. It also provides an essential resource for timber engineering students and researchers, as well as practicing structural and civil engineers.

Efficient Utilization of Red Maple Lumber in Glued-laminated Timber Beams

Author : John J. Janowiak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficient Utilization of Red Maple Lumber in Glued-laminated Timber Beams by : John J. Janowiak

Download or read book Efficient Utilization of Red Maple Lumber in Glued-laminated Timber Beams written by John J. Janowiak and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites

Author : Roger M. Rowell
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203492439
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites by : Roger M. Rowell

Download or read book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites written by Roger M. Rowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradable nature of high-performance, wood-based materials is an attractive advantage when considering environmental factors such as sustainability, recycling, and energy/resource conservation. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites provides an excellent guide to the latest concepts and technologies in wood chemistry and bio-based composites. The book analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood, emphasizing the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties. These include modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating over 30 years of teaching experience, the esteemed editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

Materials and Joints in Timber Structures

Author : Simon Aicher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400778112
Total Pages : 815 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials and Joints in Timber Structures by : Simon Aicher

Download or read book Materials and Joints in Timber Structures written by Simon Aicher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the contributions from the RILEM International Symposium on Materials and Joints in Timber Structures that was held in Stuttgart, Germany from October 8 to 10, 2013. It covers recent developments in the materials and the joints used in modern timber structures. Regarding basic wooden materials, the contributions highlight the widened spectrum of products comprising cross-laminated timber, glulam and LVL from hardwoods and block glued elements. Timber concrete compounds, cement bonded wood composites and innovative light-weight constructions represent increasingly employed alternatives for floors, bridges and facades. With regard to jointing technologies, considerable advances in both mechanical connections and glued joints are presented. Self-tapping screws have created unprecedented options for reliable, strong as well as ductile joints and reinforcement technologies. Regarding adhesives, which constitute the basis of the jointing/laminating technology of modern timber products, extended options for tailor-made bonding solutions have to be stated. Apart from melamine-urea and phenolic-resorcinol adhesives, one-component-polyurethanes, emulsion isocyanate polymers and epoxies offer a wide range of possibilities. The contributions dealing with experimental and numerical investigations on static, cyclic and seismic behavior of structures clearly reveal the enhanced potential of modern timber construction for reliable and sustainable buildings and bridges of the new millennium. The book is structured in nine thematic areas, being I) Structures II) Mechanical Connections III) Glued Joints and Adhesives IV) Timber and Concrete/Cement/Polymer Composites V) Cyclic, Seismic Behavior VI) Hardwood, Modified Wood and Bamboo VII) Cross-Laminated Timber VIII) Properties and Testing of Wood IX) Glulam

The Properties and Uses of Wood

Author : Arthur Koehler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Properties and Uses of Wood by : Arthur Koehler

Download or read book The Properties and Uses of Wood written by Arthur Koehler and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Timber Bridges

Author : Michael A. Ritter
Publisher : Datamotion Publishing LLC
ISBN 13 : 9781937299095
Total Pages : 916 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Timber Bridges by : Michael A. Ritter

Download or read book Timber Bridges written by Michael A. Ritter and published by Datamotion Publishing LLC. This book was released on 1990 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the design, construction, inspection, and maintenance of timber bridges.

Effect of Duration and Rate of Loading on Strength of Wood and Wood-based Materials

Author : C. C. Gerhards
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Duration and Rate of Loading on Strength of Wood and Wood-based Materials by : C. C. Gerhards

Download or read book Effect of Duration and Rate of Loading on Strength of Wood and Wood-based Materials written by C. C. Gerhards and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Design of Structural Elements with Tropical Hardwoods

Author : Abel O. Olorunnisola
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319653431
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Structural Elements with Tropical Hardwoods by : Abel O. Olorunnisola

Download or read book Design of Structural Elements with Tropical Hardwoods written by Abel O. Olorunnisola and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides basic information on the design of structures with tropical woods. It is intended primarily for teaching university- and college-level courses in structural design. It is also suitable as a reference material for practitioners. Although parts of the background material relate specifically to West and East Africa, the design principles apply to the whole of tropical Africa, Latin America and South Asia. The book is laced with ample illustrations including photographs of real life wood structures and structural elements across Africa that make for interesting reading. It has numerous manual and Excel spread sheet worked examples and review questions that can properly guide a first-time designer of wooden structural elements. A number of design problems are also solved using the FORTRAN programming language. Topics covered in the thirteen chapters of the book include a brief introduction to the book, the anatomy and physical properties of tropical woods; a bri ef review of the mechanical properties of wood, timber seasoning and preservation, uses of wood and wood products in construction; basic theory of structures, and structural load computations; design of wooden beams, solid and built-up wooden columns, wood connections and wooden trusses; as well as a brief introduction to the design of wooden bridges.

Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance

Author : Ladislav Reinprecht
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119106524
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance by : Ladislav Reinprecht

Download or read book Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance written by Ladislav Reinprecht and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance provides an up to date discussion of the natural durability of wood, wood degradation processes, and methods of structural and chemical protection of wood. Modern active substances in wood preservatives and the relationships between preservative properties, the anatomical structure and moisture content of wood and protective processes involving pressure and/or diffusion driving forces are fully illustrated.

Tropical timber atlas

Author : Jean Gérard
Publisher : Editions Quae
ISBN 13 : 2759227987
Total Pages : 1002 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (592 download)

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Book Synopsis Tropical timber atlas by : Jean Gérard

Download or read book Tropical timber atlas written by Jean Gérard and published by Editions Quae. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This atlas presents technical information for professionals who process and use temperate or tropical timber. It combines the main technical characteristics of 283 tropical species and 17 species from temperate regions most commonly used in Europe with their primary uses.

Formation and Properties of Juvenile Wood in Southern Pines

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Formation and Properties of Juvenile Wood in Southern Pines by :

Download or read book Formation and Properties of Juvenile Wood in Southern Pines written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To satisfy the increasing demand for forest products, much of the future timber supply will be from improved trees grown on managed plantations. This fast-grown resource will tend to be harvested in short age rotations and will contain higher proportions of juvenile wood than that of current harvests. In anticipation of this resource, definitive information is needed on the influence of juvenile wood on lumber properties so that grading rules and the associated allowable design stresses can be modified as needed. This document reports the results of an extensive review of the literature on juvenile wood in southern pines. This report defines and discusses the extent, occurrence, and characteristics of juvenile wood. It reviews the effects that environment and silviculture have on the amount of juvenile wood produced. Finally, the impacts that juvenile wood has on mechanical properties were quantified. The results of this quantification are significant to all producers of fast-grown plantations. Research has clearly shown that juvenile wood will have a detrimental impact on allowable design stresses for visually graded lumber. It is critical that methods are developed to more carefully manage fast-grown plantation wood for its most efficient use. This review should serve as an overall collection of knowledge pertaining to juvenile wood research in southern pines and should help in the decision-making efforts to improve seedling selection techniques and silvicultural practices to maximize the potential for fast-grown plantations of southern pines.

The Biology of Reaction Wood

Author : Barry Gardiner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642108148
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology of Reaction Wood by : Barry Gardiner

Download or read book The Biology of Reaction Wood written by Barry Gardiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a fundamental reference source on reaction wood for wood scientists and technologists, plant biologists, silviculturists, forest ecologists, and anyone involved in the growing of trees and the processing of wood. It brings together our current understanding of all aspects of reaction wood, and is the first book to discuss both compression wood and tension wood. Trees produce reaction wood to maintain the vertical orientation of their stems and the optimum angle of each branch. They achieve this by laying down fibre cell walls in which differences in physical and chemical structure from those of normal fibres are expressed as differential stresses across the stem or branch. This process, while of obvious value for the survival of the tree, causes serious problems for the utilisation of timber. Timber derived from trees containing significant amounts of reaction wood is subject to dimensional instability on drying, causing twisting, bending and splitting. It is also difficult to work as timber, and for the pulp and paper industry the cost of removing the increased amount of lignin in compression wood is substantial. This has both practical and economic consequences for industry. Understanding the factors controlling reaction wood formation and its effect on wood structure is therefore fundamental to our understanding of the adaptation of trees to their environment and to the sustainable use of wood. The topics covered include: -Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of reaction wood -Cell-wall polymers in reaction wood and their biosynthesis -Changes in tree proteomes during reaction wood formation -The biomechanical action and biological functions of reaction wood - Physical and mechanical properties of reaction wood from the scale of cell walls to planks -The detection and characterisation of compression wood -Effects of reaction wood on the performance of wood and wood-based products - Commercial implications of reaction wood and the influence of forest management on its formation