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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (914 download)
Download or read book The Stabilization of Soil Organic Matter by Iron Oxide in Highly Weathered Tropical Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David C. Coleman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter in Tropical Ecosystems written by David C. Coleman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constituents of organic matter in temperate and tropical soils. Soil organic matter as a source and a sink of plant nUtrients. Interactions of soil organic matter and variable-charge clays. Biological processes regulating organic matter dynamics in tropical soils.
Author : Y. Chen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400944268
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture written by Y. Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of organic residues as a means of maintaining and increasing soil fertility is of long-standing. This tradition has been somewhat neglected since the introduc tion of mineral fertilizers at low cost. More and more farmers and scientists are now showing renewed interest in the proper and effective use of org~tnic residues, composts and other recycled organic additives. The role and function of organic amendments in modern agricultural systems have become topics of major interest in the scientific and agricultural communities. Research work on residue disposal has provided new concepts on the interaction between organic components and soils as well as new handling technologies (e. g. pelletizing of organic residues). The trend to conserve energy has led scientists to study the minimal tillage system, to find ways of replacing conventional inorganic fertilizers with natural organic prod ucts or microbial preparations, and to develop new composting methods. The drive to achieve higher yields in commercial greenhouse farming has led to a search for optimum substrates as growth media and for improved management techniques. This has led to the introduction of organic substitutes for peat, nota bly those originating from agricultural wastes. Another important aspect is the current interest in organic farming, where use of synthetic chemicals is avoided or prohibited. An increasing percentage of the population in highly developed countries is willing to pay premium prices for food produced on soils where inorganic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals have not been used.
Author : F. J. Stevenson
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Cycles of Soils written by F. J. Stevenson and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1986-01-17 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The carbon cycle. Carbon balance of the soil and role of organic matter in soil fertility. Environmental aspects of the soil carbon cycle. The nitrogen cycle in soil: global and ecological aspects. The international cycle of nitrogen in soil. Impact of nitrogen on health and the environment. The phosporus cycle. The sulfur cycle. The micronutrient cycle.
Author : Benedetto DeVivo
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 044464007X
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)
Download or read book Environmental Geochemistry written by Benedetto DeVivo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis and Case Histories, Second Edition, reviews the role of geochemistry in the environment and details state-of-the-art applications of these principles in the field, specifically in pollution and remediation situations. Chapters cover both philosophy and procedures, as well as applications, in an array of issues in environmental geochemistry including health problems related to environment pollution, waste disposal and data base management. This updated edition also includes illustrations of specific case histories of site characterization and remediation of brownfield sites. Covers numerous global case studies allowing readers to see principles in action Explores the environmental impacts on soils, water and air in terms of both inorganic and organic geochemistry Written by a well-respected author team, with over 100 years of experience combined Includes updated content on: urban geochemical mapping, chemical speciation, characterizing a brownsfield site and the relationship between heavy metal distributions and cancer mortality
Author : Michael L. Nguyen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Sorption Temperature and and the Stability of Iron-bound Soil Organic Matter written by Michael L. Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preservation of soil organic matter (SOM) is an important control on the global cycling of carbon. Long-term preservation of SOM has important implications on soil fertility and climate regulation. Minerals, such as iron oxides, can react with SOM and serve as a preservation mechanism for SOM. Globally, iron oxide-SOM interactions form a "rusty carbon sink" which protects up to 22% of organic carbon in marine sediments. Climate changes, such as warming, may alter the size or efficacy of the "rusty carbon sink." The effects of temperature, SOM composition, and mineral particle size on the formation and stability of iron oxide-SOM associations were investigated through batch sorption experiments, incubation experiments, and thermal analyses. The sorption extent of humic acid (HA) to microphase hematite was greater than that of fulvic acid (FA). The sorption extent for both HA and FA was found to be independent of temperature. The incubation and thermal analysis of microphase hematite-bound SOM suggested that HA is more biologically stable and less exergonic upon decomposition than FA, but there were no relationships with stability and sorption temperature. When normalized to specific surface area, the sorption extent of HA to nanophase hematite had a greater sorption extent than microphase hematite, but the sorption extent of nanophase hematite was also found to be temperature-independent. These results suggest that the size and efficacy of the "rusty carbon sink" may remain unchanged with warming climates. Furthermore, these results highlight (1) the importance of indirect temperature effects such as increased weathering and precipitation reactions which can alter the particle size distribution of soils and sediments and (2) SOM composition over direct sorption temperature in understanding future SOM dynamics.
Author : Christopher Martius
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402004551
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)
Download or read book Managing Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Scope and Limitations written by Christopher Martius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter is a reservoir for plant nutrients, provides water-holding capacity, stabilizes soil structure against compaction and erosion, and thus determines soil productivity. All agriculture to some degree depends on soil organic matter. It has long been known that soil organic matter declines when land is taken into cultivation, and that the productivity of new agricultural land is governed by fertility contributions from decomposing natural organic matter. The expansion of agriculture to ever new and more fragile lands, particularly in tropical and developing regions, causes environmental degradation with local effects on soil quality, regional effects on landscape integrity and water quality, and global effects on carbon cycles and the atmosphere. This book summarizes current knowledge of the properties and dynamics of soil organic matter in the tropics, its role in determining soil quality, its stability and turnover, and the options for management in the context of tropical landuse systems, for a readership of resource scientists, economists and advanced students. Maintenance of organic matter is critical for preventing land degradation. Case studies and practical applications are therefore an important part of the book, as are the exploration of future directions in research and management.
Author : Rahul Datta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813367652
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Soil Carbon Stabilization to Mitigate Climate Change written by Rahul Datta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stabilization involves to capturing carbon from the atmosphere and fix it in the forms soil organic carbon stock for a long period of time, it will be present to escape as a greenhouse gas in the form of carbon dioxide. Soil carbon storage is an important ecosystem service, resulting from interactions of several ecological processes. This process is primarily mediated by plants through photosynthesis, with carbon stored in the form of soil organic carbon. Soil carbon levels have reduced over decades of conversion of pristine ecosystems into agriculture landscape, which now offers the opportunity to store carbon from air into the soil. Carbon stabilization into the agricultural soils is a novel approach of research and offers promising reduction in the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This book brings together all aspects of soil carbon sequestration and stabilization, with a special focus on diversity of microorganisms and management practices of soil in agricultural systems. It discusses the role of ecosystem functioning, recent and future prospects, soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, and organic matter in soil carbon stabilization. It also explores carbon transformation in soil, biological management and its genetics, microbial transformation of soil carbon, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), and their role in sustainable agriculture. The book offers a spectrum of ideas of new technological inventions and fundamentals of soil sustainability. It will be suitable for teachers, researchers, and policymakers, undergraduate and graduate students of soil science, soil microbiology, agronomy, ecology, and environmental sciences
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789463951746
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Long-term Persistence of Soil Organic Matter in Amazonian Dark Earth written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE), highly fertile pre-Columbian anthropic soils found in the Amazon, have intrigued scientists for decades. Despite tropical conditions, these soils exhibit large contents of carbon (C) and nutrients (particularly Ca and P), contrasting with the poor adjacent soils (ADJ) from the Amazon. High carbon (C) content in ADE has been linked with the occurrence of black carbon (BC) in these soils. BC has been claimed to be highly resistant to decomposition due to its polycondensed aromatic structure. However, recent advancements indicate that intrinsic chemical characteristics do not fully explain long-term persistence of soil organic matter (SOM). Soil minerals are known to play an important role on the mechanisms of SOM stabilization mainly through adsorption of SOM onto the surface of reactive soil minerals (i.e. Fe and Al oxides). However, the relative contribution of mineral protection versus chemical recalcitrance in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE is poorly understood. The overall objective of this PhD thesis was to investigate the interactive roles of BC, Ca and P in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE. Overall, my results (Chapter 3–5) have major implications for a common SOM methodology proposed to isolate a ‘stable’ pool of SOM upon chemical oxidation with NaOCl and to subsequently differentiate and quantify the relative contribution of two mechanisms of SOM stabilization (i.e. mineral association and chemical recalcitrance) upon soil demineralization with HF. Combining data from Chapters 4 and 5, it seems like BC is removed upon chemical oxidation with NaOCl and therefore is part of the operationally defined ‘labile’ rather than the ‘stable’ SOM pool. Removal of BC with NaOCl raises questions about the contrast between low resistance of BC towards chemical oxidation and apparent high resistance of BC against biological oxidation, which certainly deserves more attention in future studies. Furthermore, my results shed light on the importance of high Ca and P inputs (Chapter 2 and 5) besides the occurrence of BC in ADE (Chapter 5) in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE. In my thesis, I propose that it is the interaction between OM inputs (including BC inputs), Ca and P that are responsible for the long-term persistence of large SOM contents in ADE, which brings major implications for the sole use of charred OM (i.e. biochar) as a strategy to reproduce ADE desirable characteristics in other soils.
Author : Peter M. Ahn
Publisher : Longman Publishing Group
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Tropical Soils and Fertiliser Use written by Peter M. Ahn and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1993 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vishnu D. Rajput
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030973891
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)
Download or read book The Role of Nanoparticles in Plant Nutrition under Soil Pollution written by Vishnu D. Rajput and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has shown great potential in all spheres of life. With the increasing pressure to meet the food demands of rapidly increasing population, thus, novel innovation and research are required in agriculture. The principles of nanotechnology can be implemented to meet the challenges faced by agricultural demands. Major challenges include the loss of nutrients in the soil and nutrient-deficient plants, which result in a lower crop yield and quality. Subsequently, consumption of such crops leads to malnourishment in humans, especially in underprivileged and rural populations. One convenient approach to tackle nutrient deficiency in plants is via the use of fertilizers; however, this method suffers from lower uptake efficiency in plants. Another approach to combat nutrient deficiency in humans is via the use of supplements and diet modifications; however, these approaches are less affordably viable in economically challenged communities and in rural areas. Therefore, the use of nano-fertilizers to combat this problem holds the greatest potential. Additionally, nanotechnology can be used to meet other challenges in agriculture including enhancing crop yield, protection from insect pests and animals, and by use of nano-pesticides and nano-biosensors to carry out the remediation of polluted soils. The future use of nanomaterials in soil ecosystems will be influenced by their capability to interact with soil constituents and the route of nanoparticles into the environment includes both natural and anthropogenic sources. The last decade has provided increasing research on the impact and use of nanoparticles in plants, animals, microbes, and soils, and yet these studies often lacked data involving the impact of nanoparticles on biotic and abiotic stress factors. This book provides significant recent research on the use of nano-fertilizers, which can have a major impact on components of an ecosystem. This work should provide a basis to further study these potential key areas in order to achieve sustainable and safe application of nanoparticles in agriculture.
Author : Dinesh Adhikari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Environmental Fate and Stability of Iron-bound Organic Matter During Redox Reactions written by Dinesh Adhikari and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter (SOM) accounts for a significant fraction of the global carbon pool. Stabilization or destabilization of SOM greatly influences the carbon reservoir the in soil environment, greenhouse gas emission from soil and the consequent climate change process. The stability of SOM is strongly regulated by the interactions between SOM and iron oxide minerals. However, the reduction of iron can break down the association between SOM and iron oxide and lead to the release and potential degradation of SOM. To date, limited information is available for the stability and fate of the iron-bound organic matter during the redox reactions. Herein, we investigated the reductive release of hematite-bound organic matter and the impact of physicochemical properties of SOM on its stability during the redox reactions. Our major findings include: 1) hematite prefer to sorb more aromatic organic matter, while the aromatic organic matter was relatively easier to be released during the reduction; 2) release of organic carbon and iron was asynchronous during the abiotic reduction of hematite, with organic carbon releasing rapidly at the beginning and then maintaining steady but iron release obeying first-order kinetics; 3) aromatic carbon was released more rapidly compared to other compartments of organic matter; and 4) the more rapid release of aromatic carbon was resulted from its potential distribution on the outer layer of hematite-organic matter complexes and possible involvement of quinone functional groups in the reduction. We demonstrate that iron-bound aromatic organic carbon was more mobile during the reduction of iron oxide, although iron minerals prefer to sorb more aromatic organic matter. Such findings provide partial explanation for long-lasting puzzle about the stabilization of aliphatic organic matter in soil and sediment environment. Our results are valuable for evaluating the biogeochemical stability or organic carbon and coupling the redox cycles of iron to the turnover of organic matter.
Author : Marc Pansu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540312110
Total Pages : 996 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Soil Analysis written by Marc Pansu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-18 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a reference guide for selecting and carrying out numerous methods of soil analysis. It is written in accordance with analytical standards and quality control approaches. It covers a large body of technical information including protocols, tables, formulae, spectrum models, chromatograms and additional analytical diagrams. The approaches are diverse, from the simplest tests to the most sophisticated determination methods.
Author :
Publisher : Int. Rice Res. Inst.
ISBN 13 : 9711041049
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Organic Matter and Rice written by and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1984 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309086256
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Author : Elizabeth K. Coward
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)
Download or read book Iron-carbon Associations in Tropical Soils of the Luquillo Critical Zone written by Elizabeth K. Coward and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the uncertainty in the biogeochemical behavior of soil carbon (C) in humid tropical ecosystems derives from an incomplete understanding of soil C stabilization processes. Long-term soil C stability is traditionally attributed to organomineral interactions, however, the 2:1 phyllosilicate clays often associated with temperate organomineral complexation are largely absent in humid tropical soils due to extensive weathering. In contrast, these soils contain a spectrum of iron- and aluminum-bearing minerals, exhibiting a broad range of crystallinity, surface area and surface charge, and susceptible to frequent reduction-oxidation (redox) oscillations. This dissertation investigates the composition, distribution, and function of iron-mediated organomineral associations across a range of spatial scales within the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory (LCZO). Underlain by contrasting lithologies, the LCZO is characterized by highly-weathered, volcaniclastic Oxisols or quartz diorite-derived Inceptisols, producing an experimental gradient of iron content and speciation. To characterize the interactions between inherently heterogeneous soil C and often amorphous mineralogy, this dissertation paired high-resolution analytical techniques and inorganic selective dissolution experiments. We found low-crystallinity, short-range-order (SRO) iron and crystalline iron phases exert control on distinct reservoirs of soil C across both soil types. Notably, organomineral associations were responsible for accumulation of a subset of soil C, rather than driving trends in total soil C. Examination of solid-phase speciation across soil types revealed evidence for unique mineral matrix architecture in each soil. SRO FeIII-oxhydroxide phases in Oxisol soils were also found to be resistant to laboratory reduction events, suggesting that these phases are immune to redox-induced dissolution and may provide a long-term C stabilization mechanism. Investigation of iron-associated C at the molecular scale revealed preferential complexation of distinct C compounds has occurred at mineral interfaces of varying crystallinity and reactivity, suggesting that the array of association mechanisms described may be fractionating soil C. This work demonstrates that iron-mediated organomineral association serves as a reactive filter for soil C across spatial and temporal scales, which may impact both the quantity and identity of C cycling through the critical zone.
Author : Ricardo Loiola Edvan
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535138065
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book New Perspectives in Forage Crops written by Ricardo Loiola Edvan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In livestock management, the production of forage plants is undoubtedly the most efficient way to produce products of animal origin with quality and economic viability. We hope that the readers of the book "New Perspectives in Forage Crops" will have a good reading and appreciate the information provided on forage production, since the book draws on the expertise of different specialists of the area, who discuss the following aspects: fertilization, semiarid region production, forage species selection, nitrogen fixation, grasses, legumes, cacti, drought, etc. The authors of the book are of different nationalities and provide important information and diverse perspectives on the subject of forage farming.
