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The Stability Of Pbs Quantum Dot Solar Cells
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Book Synopsis The Stability of PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells by : Melany Christine Sponseller
Download or read book The Stability of PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells written by Melany Christine Sponseller and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we systematically investigate aging processes that lead to QD solar cell performance evolution during short-term shelf storage and long-term continuous operation. First, we analyze the role of short-term air exposure in improving the initial efficiency of PbS QD solar cells. We show that brief air exposure treatments elicit multiple oxidation processes that benefit PbS QD solar cell performance in the near-term. In particular, post-fabrication air exposure is necessary to heal the QD-top electrode interface following thermal evaporation of electrodes onto QDs.
Book Synopsis Colloidal Quantum Dot Optoelectronics and Photovoltaics by : Gerasimos Konstantatos
Download or read book Colloidal Quantum Dot Optoelectronics and Photovoltaics written by Gerasimos Konstantatos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Captures the most up-to-date research in the field, written in an accessible style by the world's leading experts.
Book Synopsis Solar Cells by : Leonid A. Kosyachenko
Download or read book Solar Cells written by Leonid A. Kosyachenko and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains chapters in which the problems of modern photovoltaics are considered. The majority of the chapters provide an overview of the results of research and development of different types of solar cells. Such chapters are completed by a justification for a new solar cell structure and technology. Of course, highly effective solar energy conversion is impossible without an in-depth examination of the solar cell components as physical materials. The relations between structural, thermodynamic, and optical properties of the physical material without addressing the band theory of solids are of both theoretical and practical interest. Requirements formulated for the material are also to be used for maximally efficient conversion of solar radiation into useful work.
Book Synopsis Toward Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Solar Cells by : Chia-Hao Marcus Chuang
Download or read book Toward Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Solar Cells written by Chia-Hao Marcus Chuang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the optical and electronic properties of lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) for the development of QD solar cells. Near-infrared active PbS QDs composed of earth-abundant elements have emerged as promising candidates for photovoltaic applications because of the solution-processability and a tunable energy bandgap that covers the optimal bandgap range for single and multi-junction solar cells. However, despite rapid progress, previous QD solar cells still show unsatisfactory efficiency and stability. In this thesis work, room-temperature solution-processed ZnO/PbS solar cells with high efficiencies and unprecedented air-stability have been successfully demonstrated. The major limiting factors in present QD solar cells and potential routes to further improving the device performance have also been elucidated. Owing to the versatile surface chemistry and high surface-to-volume ratio of QDs, the surface ligands play crucial roles in determining the optoelectronic properties. In this work, taking advantage of tunable electronic energy levels in QDs with different ligands, a new device architecture for solar cells has been designed. The architecture employs layers of QDs serving complementary functions, one as the main light absorbing layer and another as an electron-blocking/hole extraction layer. The device shows improved performance as a result of the relative band alignment between these QD layers, as confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. A device with this architecture reached a certified efficiency of 8.55 %, breaking previous record efficiencies of QD solar cells. The device stability has been significantly improved in this work by identifying two key factors that limit the device stability. One key factor is the choice of ligands. It was found that iodide-passivated QDs are stable in air, while organic ligand passivated QDs are prone to oxidation. Another important factor is the removal of the commonly used MoO3 interfacial layer, which gradually develops an unfavorable band alignment in the device with air exposure time. Understanding these degradation mechanisms leads to a successful demonstration of air-stable QD solar cells. The devices not only show high efficiency but also exhibit excellent long-term stability in air for more than 150 days without any encapsulation. The origins of the large open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit, a primary limiting factor in present QD solar cells, have also been investigated through a combination of device physics and spectroscopic studies. Radiative sub-bandgap states with emission peak ~0.23 eV lower than the band-edge emission are found in QD solar cells. This energy difference is consistent with the below-bandgap activation energy for diode current generation obtained from current-voltage characteristics at different temperatures. It is concluded that the VOC of present QD solar cells is mainly limited by the sub-bandgap states rather than the interfaces between QDs and other materials. The origin of sub-bandgap states was further found to be most likely from undercharged Pb atoms on the QD surface (off-stoichiometry). Lastly, based on the findings in this thesis work, possible future directions that could further improve the efficiency of QD solar cells are discussed.
Book Synopsis Nanocrystal Quantum Dots by : Victor I. Klimov
Download or read book Nanocrystal Quantum Dots written by Victor I. Klimov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of recent advancements in colloidal nanocrystals and quantum-confined nanostructures, Nanocrystal Quantum Dots is the second edition of Semiconductor and Metal Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Electronic and Optical Properties, originally published in 2003. This new title reflects the book’s altered focus on semiconductor nanocrystals. Gathering contributions from leading researchers, this book contains new chapters on carrier multiplication (generation of multiexcitons by single photons), doping of semiconductor nanocrystals, and applications of nanocrystals in biology. Other updates include: New insights regarding the underlying mechanisms supporting colloidal nanocrystal growth A revised general overview of multiexciton phenomena, including spectral and dynamical signatures of multiexcitons in transient absorption and photoluminescence Analysis of nanocrystal-specific features of multiexciton recombination A review of the status of new field of carrier multiplication Expanded coverage of theory, covering the regime of high-charge densities New results on quantum dots of lead chalcogenides, with a focus studies of carrier multiplication and the latest results regarding Schottky junction solar cells Presents useful examples to illustrate applications of nanocrystals in biological labeling, imaging, and diagnostics The book also includes a review of recent progress made in biological applications of colloidal nanocrystals, as well as a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of techniques for preparing biocompatible quantum dots. The authors summarize the latest developments in the synthesis and understanding of magnetically doped semiconductor nanocrystals, and they present a detailed discussion of issues related to the synthesis, magneto-optics, and photoluminescence of doped colloidal nanocrystals as well. A valuable addition to the pantheon of literature in the field of nanoscience, this book presents pioneering research from experts whose work has led to the numerous advances of the past several years.
Book Synopsis Core/Shell Quantum Dots by : Xin Tong
Download or read book Core/Shell Quantum Dots written by Xin Tong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines various synthetic approaches, tuneable physical properties, and device applications of core/shell quantum dots (QDs). Core/shell QDs have exhibited enhanced quantum yield (QY), suppressed photobleaching/blinking, and significantly improved photochemical/physical stability as compared to conventional bare QDs. The core-shell structure also promotes the easy tuning of QDs’ band structure, leading to their employment as attractive building blocks in various optoelectronic devices. The main objective of this book is to create a platform for knowledge sharing and dissemination of the latest advances in novel areas of core/shell QDs and relevant devices, and to provide a comprehensive introduction and directions for further research in this growing area of nanomaterials research.
Book Synopsis Materials Engineering for Stable and Efficient PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics by : Jiang Tang
Download or read book Materials Engineering for Stable and Efficient PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics written by Jiang Tang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantum-dot Based Light-emitting Diodes by : Morteza Sasani Ghamsari
Download or read book Quantum-dot Based Light-emitting Diodes written by Morteza Sasani Ghamsari and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum dot-based light emitting diodes were assigned to bringing together the latest and most important progresses in light emitting diode (LED) technologies. In addition, they were dedicated to gain the perspective of LED technology for all of its advancements and innovations due to the employment of semiconductor nanocrystals. Highly selective, the primary aim was to provide a visual source for high-urgency work that will define the future directions relating to the organic light emitting diode (OLED), with the expectation for lasting scientific and technological impact. The editor hopes that the chapters verify the realization of the mentioned aims that have been considered for editing of this book. Due to the rapidly growing OLED technology, we wish this book to be useful for any progress that can be achieved in future.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity in photovoltaic energy conversion and can help to overcome the global energy crisis. Solar cells have many applications including remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites, wristwatches, water pumping, photodetectors and remote radiotelephones. Solar cell technology is economically feasible for commercial-scale power generation. While commercial solar cells exhibit good performance and stability, still researchers are looking at many ways to improve the performance and cost of solar cells via modulating the fundamental properties of semiconductors. Solar cell technology is the key to a clean energy future. Solar cells directly harvest energy from the sun’s light radiation into electricity are in an ever-growing demand for future global energy production. Solar cell-based energy harvesting has attracted worldwide attention for their notable features, such as cheap renewable technology, scalable, lightweight, flexibility, versatility, no greenhouse gas emission, environment, and economy friendly and operational costs are quite low compared to other forms of power generation. Thus, solar cell technology is at the forefront of renewable energy technologies which are used in telecommunications, power plants, small devices to satellites. Aiming at large-scale implementation can be manipulated by various types used in solar cell design and exploration of new materials towards improving performance and reducing cost. Therefore, in-depth knowledge about solar cell design is fundamental for those who wish to apply this knowledge and understanding in industries and academics. This book provides a comprehensive overview on solar cells and explores the history to evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and so on. It also includes solar cells’ characterization analytical tools, theoretical modeling, practices to enhance conversion efficiencies, applications and patents.
Book Synopsis Perovskite Quantum Dots by : Ye Zhou
Download or read book Perovskite Quantum Dots written by Ye Zhou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses perovskite quantum dots, discussing their unique properties, synthesis, and applications in nanoscale optoelectronic and photonic devices, as well as the challenges and possible solutions in the context of device design and the prospects for commercial applications. It particularly focuses on the luminescent properties, which differ from those of the corresponding quantum dots materials, such as multicolor emission, fluorescence narrowing, and tunable and switchable emissions from doped nanostructures. The book first describes the characterization and fabrication of perovskite quantum dots. It also provides detailed methods for analyzing the electrical and optical properties, and demonstrates promising applications of perovskite quantum dots. Furthermore, it presents a series of optoelectronic and photonic devices based on functional perovskite quantum dots, and explains the incorporation of perovskite quantum dots in semiconductor devices and their effect of the performance. It also explores the challenges related to optoelectronic devices, as well as possible strategies to promote their commercialization. As such, this book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the field of solid-state materials and electronics wanting to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of quantum dots, and the fundamental optoelectronic properties and operation mechanisms of the latest perovskite quantum dot-based devices.
Book Synopsis Quantum Dot Photodetectors by : Xin Tong
Download or read book Quantum Dot Photodetectors written by Xin Tong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art quantum dot photodetectors, including device fabrication technologies, optical engineering/manipulation strategies, and emerging photodetectors with building blocks of novel quantum dots (e.g. perovskite) as well as their hybrid structured (e.g. 0D/2D) materials. Semiconductor quantum dots have attracted much attention due to their unique quantum confinement effect, which allows for the facile tuning of optical properties that are promising for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Among these remarkable properties are large absorption coefficient, high photosensitivity, and tunable optical spectrum from ultraviolet/visible to infrared region, all of which are very attractive and favorable for photodetection applications. The book covers both fundamental and frontier research in order to stimulate readers' interests in developing novel ideas for semiconductor photodetectors at the center of future developments in materials science, nanofabrication technology and device commercialization. The book provides a knowledge sharing platform and can be used as a reference for researchers working in the fields of photonics, materials science, and nanodevices.
Book Synopsis Semiconductor Nanocrystals by : Alexander L. Efros
Download or read book Semiconductor Nanocrystals written by Alexander L. Efros and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A physics book that covers the optical properties of quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures from both the theoretical and experimental points of view together with technological applications. Topics to be reviewed include quantum confinement effects in semiconductors, optical adsorption and emission properties of group IV, III-V, II-VI semiconductors, deep-etched and self assembled quantum dots, nanoclusters, and laser applications in optoelectronics.
Book Synopsis Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells by : Daniel Abou-Ras
Download or read book Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Daniel Abou-Ras and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on advanced characterization methods for thin-film solar cells that have proven their relevance both for academic and corporate photovoltaic research and development. After an introduction to thin-film photovoltaics, highly experienced experts report on device and materials characterization methods such as electroluminescence analysis, capacitance spectroscopy, and various microscopy methods. In the final part of the book simulation techniques are presented which are used for ab-initio calculations of relevant semiconductors and for device simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D. Building on a proven concept, this new edition also covers thermography, transient optoelectronic methods, and absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy.
Book Synopsis Quantum Dot Solar Cells by : Jiang Wu
Download or read book Quantum Dot Solar Cells written by Jiang Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-28 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third generation of solar cells includes those based on semiconductor quantum dots. This sophisticated technology applies nanotechnology and quantum mechanics theory to enhance the performance of ordinary solar cells. Although a practical application of quantum dot solar cells has yet to be achieved, a large number of theoretical calculations and experimental studies have confirmed the potential for meeting the requirement for ultra-high conversion efficiency. In this book, high-profile scientists have contributed tutorial chapters that outline the methods used in and the results of various quantum dot solar cell designs, including quantum dot intermediate band solar cells, hot electron quantum dot solar cells, quantum-dot sensitized solar cells, colloidal quantum dot solar cells, hybrid polymer-quantum dot solar cells, and MEG quantum dot solar cells. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are described. Quantum Dot Solar Cells helps to connect the fundamental laws of physics and the chemistry of materials with advances in device design and performance. The book can be recommended for a broad audience of chemists, electrical engineers, and materials scientists, and is suitable for use in courses on materials and device design for advanced and future optoelectronics.
Book Synopsis A Study on Long Term Stability of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells by : Hao Yu
Download or read book A Study on Long Term Stability of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells written by Hao Yu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) are recognized as a promising new technology for making cost efficient photovoltaic devices. In this project, QDSSCs are based on CdSe quantum dots (QDs) attached to ternary zinc tin oxide (ZTO) nanowires. Ternary oxides are of interest because they afford a wide latitude for compositional tuning of semiconductor properties. In any device that is to be subjected to the conditions of field deployment, the long term stability of all components of the device must be assured. Processes such as QD detachment or QD-nanowire dissolution and corrosion might significantly degrade solar cell performance over time. In this dissertation, stability aspects of QDSSCs are examined in detail, from the dissolution and alteration of ternary oxide materials to the attachment, detachment and dissolution of QDs on oxide surfaces. We find that ZTO is likely to survive long-term deployment, but that small amounts of surface alteration will take place. More importantly, solution-based QDs capped with organic stabilizing molecules demonstrate ligand-dependent attachment and detachment behaviors but are less prone to dissolution. Pulsed laser deposited QDs, however, are prone to longer-term dissolution. Post-deposition capping molecules could improve stability but might inhibit electron transfer. Long-term QDSSC stability is a balance between protection of key materials but avoiding inhibition of electron transfer needed for solar cell operation.
Book Synopsis Materials for Solid State Lighting and Displays by : Adrian Kitai
Download or read book Materials for Solid State Lighting and Displays written by Adrian Kitai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LEDs are in the midst of revolutionizing the lighting industry Up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of light-emitting materials and devices used in solid state lighting and displays Presents the fundamental principles underlying luminescence Includes inorganic and organic materials and devices LEDs offer high efficiency, long life and mercury free lighting solutions
Book Synopsis Quantum Dot Heterojunction Solar Cells by : Rachelle Ihly
Download or read book Quantum Dot Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Rachelle Ihly and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the understanding of the chemistry and physics of colloidal quantum dots for practical solar energy photoconversion. Solar cell devices that make use of PbS quantum dots generally rely on constant and unchanged optical properties such that band gap energies remain tuned within the device. The design and development of unique experiments to ascertain mechanisms of optical band gap shifts occurring in PbS quantum dot thin-films exposed to air are discussed. The systematic study of the absorption properties of PbS quantum dot films exposed to air, heat, and UV illumination as a function of quantum dot size has been described. A method to improve the air-stability of films with atomic layer deposition of alumina is demonstrated. Encapsulation of quantum dot films using a protective layer of alumina results in quantum dot solids that maintain tuned absorption for 1000 hours. This thesis focuses on the use of atomic force microscopy and electrical variants thereof to study the physical and electrical characteristics of quantum dot arrays. These types of studies have broad implications in understanding charge transport mechanisms and solar cell device operation, with a particular emphasis on quantum dot transistors and solar cells. Imaging the channel potential of a PbSe quantum dot thin-film in a transistor showed a uniform distribution of charge coinciding with the transistor current voltage characteristics. In a second study, solar cell device operation of ZnO/PbS heterojunction solar cells was investigated by scanning active cross-sections with Kelvin probe microscopy as a function of applied bias, illumination and device architecture. This technique directly provides operating potential and electric field profiles to characterize drift and diffusion currents occurring in the device. SKPM established a field-free region occurring in the quantum dot layer, indicative of diffusion-limited transport. These results provide the path to optimization of future architectures that may employ drift-based transport in the quantum dot layer for enhanced charge extraction and power conversion efficiency.
