The Spatial Ecology Of Predator Prey Interactions A Case Study Of Yellowstone Elk Wolves And Cougars

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The Spatial Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions: A Case Study of Yellowstone Elk, Wolves, and Cougars

Author : Michel T. Kohl
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Spatial Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions: A Case Study of Yellowstone Elk, Wolves, and Cougars by : Michel T. Kohl

Download or read book The Spatial Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions: A Case Study of Yellowstone Elk, Wolves, and Cougars written by Michel T. Kohl and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predators can serve as an important top-down driver of ecosystems via their influence on prey behavior. Although predator effects on prey behavior (or traits) may be as strong as or stronger than predator effects on prey abundance in small-scale, experimental systems, it is unclear whether behavioral effects are as dominant in large-scale, free-living systems. The objective of this project was to improve our ecological understanding of the spatio-temporal interactions between large predators and their primary prey source in a free-living system. Specifically, I used data from northern Yellowstone to evaluate 1) the role of predator diel activity on prey habitat selection of risky places, 2) how prey operate in a landscape composed of multiple predators that occupy different spatial and temporal niches, and 3) how the density - and behaviorally-meditated effects of large predators influence the large-scale spatial distribution of a prey population. In Chapter 2, I show that the predictability of daily wolf (Canis lupus) hunting activity provided an opportunity for elk (Cervus elaphus) to use risky places during safe times, which in essence, flattened (i.e., minimized) the landscape of fear in Yellowstone. In Chapter 3, I show that wolves and cougars (Puma concolor) hunt in different places, and at different times, which provided a refugia from these predators in time and space that likely minimized overall predation risk in an environment that was spatially saturated with wolves and cougars. In Chapter 4, I show that the current spatial distribution of elk across the northern range of Yellowstone is driven primarily by demographic rather than behavioral mechanisms. Overall, the results from chapters 2-4 suggest that any trophic cascade from predators, to prey, to deciduous woody plants in Yellowstone National Park is likely due to demographic mechanisms rather than a landscape of fear. More broadly, this research identifies a previously overlooked behavioral trait of predators, diel activity, which prey can use to minimize the effect of predators on sophisticated prey. Together, this study advances the field of ecology by quantifying the ecological importance of fear in a large-scale, free-living system.

Yellowstone Cougars

Author : Toni K. Ruth
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1607328291
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Yellowstone Cougars by : Toni K. Ruth

Download or read book Yellowstone Cougars written by Toni K. Ruth and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2019-09-23 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone Cougars examines the effect of wolf restoration on the cougar population in Yellowstone National Park—one of the largest national parks in the American West. No other study has ever specifically addressed the theoretical and practical aspects of competition between large carnivores in North America. The authors provide a thorough analysis of cougar ecology, how they interact with and are influenced by wolves—their main competitor—and how this knowledge informs management and conservation of both species across the West. Of practical importance, Yellowstone Cougars addresses the management and conservation of multiple carnivores in increasingly human-dominated landscapes. The authors move beyond a single-species approach to cougar management and conservation to one that considers multiple species, which was impossible to untangle before wolf reestablishment in the Yellowstone area provided biologists with this research opportunity. Yellowstone Cougars provides objective scientific data at the forefront of understanding cougars and large carnivore community structure and management issues in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, as well as in other areas where wolves and cougars are reestablishing. Intended for an audience of scientists, wildlife managers, conservationists, and academics, the book also sets a theoretical precedent for writing about competition between carnivorous mammals.

Yellowstone Wolves

Author : Douglas W. Smith
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022672848X
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Yellowstone Wolves by : Douglas W. Smith

Download or read book Yellowstone Wolves written by Douglas W. Smith and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This beautifully illustrated volume on the Yellowstone Wolf Project includes an introduction by Jane Goodall and an exclusive online documentary. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park was one of the greatest wildlife conservation achievements of the twentieth century. Eradicated after the park was first established, these iconic carnivores returned in 1995 when the US government reversed its century-old policy of extermination. In the intervening decades, scientists have built a one-of-a-kind field study of these wolves, their behaviors, and their influence on the entire ecosystem. Yellowstone Wolves tells the incredible story of the Yellowstone Wolf Project, as told by the people behind it. This wide-ranging volume highlights what has been learned in the decades since reintroduction, as well as the unique blend of research techniques used to gain this knowledge. We learn about individual wolves, population dynamics, wolf-prey relationships, genetics, disease, management and policy, and the rippling ecosystem effects wolves have had on Yellowstone’s wild and rare landscape. Featuring a foreword by Jane Goodall, beautiful images, a companion online documentary by celebrated filmmaker Bob Landis, and contributions from more than seventy wolf and wildlife conservation luminaries from Yellowstone and around the world, Yellowstone Wolves is an informative and beautifully realized celebration of the extraordinary Yellowstone Wolf Project.

The Behavior and Ecology of Cursorial Predators and Dangerous Prey

Author : Aimee Tallian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis The Behavior and Ecology of Cursorial Predators and Dangerous Prey by : Aimee Tallian

Download or read book The Behavior and Ecology of Cursorial Predators and Dangerous Prey written by Aimee Tallian and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driving into Yellowstone National Park for the first time is a moving experience. Gazing over the sweeping landscapes, seeing a geyser erupt 80 feet into the air, and having your first 0́8wildlife encounter0́9, whether that be a 2 ton bull bison aggressively wallowing on his dirt mound, snorting and kicking up dust, or watching a pack of 6 wolves move through a valley off in the distance, pausing to howl in search of their companions. Yellowstone staff wishes to manage our park in a way that preserves these remarkable experiences. In order to effectively manage this dynamic ecosystem, it is critical to thoroughly understand how different animal and plant species interact with each other and their environment. Wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone in 1995-1997 and park researchers and managers are still trying to understand how their presence impacts the ecosystem. In Yellowstone, wolves primarily prey on elk; however, predation on bison has started to increase in recent years. We still know little about how wolves hunt bison and what impacts wolves have had on how bison use their environment. The objective of this study was to better understand the behavioral and ecological interactions of wolves and bison, the most dangerous prey for wolves in North America. Since reintroduction, researchers have collected data on how wolves hunt both elk and bison. I used these data to understand 1) the conditions that allow wolves to capture their most dangerous prey, bison, 2) whether wolves have started preying on bison more often as the bison population increased, and 3) whether wolf reintroduction has limited bison use of Yellowstone0́9s most extreme high-elevation winter range. Finally, I collaborated with ecologists in Scandinavia to determine how wolf predation was affected by a competitor, the brown bear. My study adds to the current body of work addressing the effects of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone. This research is unique because it focuses on wolf bison interactions, about which little is known in this system. This research also sheds light on the behavioral relationships at play in a special type of predator-prey interaction: predators that hunt dangerous prey

The Ecology of Large Mammals in Central Yellowstone

Author : Robert A. Garrott
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080921051
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Large Mammals in Central Yellowstone by : Robert A. Garrott

Download or read book The Ecology of Large Mammals in Central Yellowstone written by Robert A. Garrott and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-11-25 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an authoritative work on the ecology of some of America’s most iconic large mammals in a natural environment - and of the interplay between climate, landscape, and animals in the interior of the world’s first and most famous national park.Central Yellowstone includes the range of one of the largest migratory populations of bison in North America as well as a unique elk herd that remains in the park year round. These populations live in a varied landscape with seasonal and often extreme patterns of climate and food abundance. The reintroduction of wolves into the park a decade ago resulted in scientific and public controversy about the effect of large predators on their prey, a debate closely examined in the book. Introductory chapters describe the geography, geology and vegetation of the ecosystem. The elk and bison are then introduced and their population ecology described both pre- and post– wolf introduction, enabling valuable insights into the demographic and behavioral consequences for their ungulate prey. Subsequent chapters describe the wildlife-human interactions and show how scientific research can inform the debate and policy issues surrounding winter recreation in Yellowstone. The book closes with a discussion of how this ecological knowledge can be used to educate the public, both about Yellowstone itself and about science, ecology and the environment in general. Yellowstone National Park exemplifies some of the currently most hotly debated and high-profile ecological, wildlife management, and environmental policy issues and this book will have broad appeal not only to academic ecologists, but also to natural resource students, managers, biologists, policy makers, administrators and the general public. Unrivalled descriptions of ecological processes in a world famous ecosystem, based on information from 16 years of painstaking field work and collaborations among 66 scientists and technical experts and 15 graduate studies Detailed studies of two charismatic North American herbivore species – elk and bison Description of the restoration of wolves into central Yellowstone and their ecological interactions with their elk and bison prey Illustrated with numerous evocative colour photographs and stunning maps

Spatial Ecology of Coyotes and Cougars

Author : Peter J. Mahoney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatial Ecology of Coyotes and Cougars by : Peter J. Mahoney

Download or read book Spatial Ecology of Coyotes and Cougars written by Peter J. Mahoney and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extent to which predators regulate prey populations remains a subject of debate. Yet, when predator control is employed as a management strategy, it is often assumed that predators can and do regulate prey populations. From 2011 through 2015, I monitored the demography and space use of coyotes (Canis latrans) and cougars (Puma concolor) on Monroe Mountain in Fishlake National Forest, Utah as part of a larger collaboration investigating the impacts of coyote aerial control on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) neonate survival. My primary objective was to assess the impacts of anthropogenic regulation on the respective populations and identify any cascading effects relevant to mule deer management. To meet this objective, I established a monitoring program for both predators by deploying radio-telemetry collars (VHF and GPS) on each, documented predation events, established surveys for small mammals and lagomorphs to monitor primary prey populations during deer parturition (June 0́3 August), and collected data on the location and demographic composition of winter-removed coyotes. I analyzed these data primarily in a community-based, animal movement and resource selection framework permitting the integration of data from multiple sources. When evaluating coyote aerial removal as a management strategy, I identified a spatial dependency in the ability to match removals with indices of deer recruitment as Wildlife Services Operations personnel were primarily limited by terrain and tree cover. Thus, matching treatment with deer fawning was highly variable with only a small number of sites where removals were effective. In addition, I found that coyotes selected for sites with the highest densities of lagomorphs while avoiding areas with a high probability of encountering cougars. Coyotes did not select for mule deer fawning sites, although individual coyotes that occupied resource-poor home ranges were more likely to do so. Cougars strongly selected for mule deer high use areas throughout much of the year, only switching to elk (Cervus elaphus) during the cougar harvest season (i.e., winter). Data from cougar kill site investigations match the observed patterns in cougar space use. My results suggest that predator-prey processes are multi-dimensional and dynamic through time, which likely contribute to the lack of resolution regarding the efficacy of predator control and the regulatory potential of predators in general.

Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition

Author : P. J. White
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674076419
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition by : P. J. White

Download or read book Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition written by P. J. White and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's first national park is constantly changing. How we understand and respond to recent events putting species under stress will determine the future of ecosystems millions of years in the making. Marshaling expertise from over 30 contributors, Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition examines three primary challenges to the park's ecology.

Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions

Author : Pedro Barbosa
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195171209
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions by : Pedro Barbosa

Download or read book Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions written by Pedro Barbosa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-11 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the fundamental issues of predator-prey interactions, with an emphasis on predation among arthropods, which have been better studied, and for which the database is more extensive than for the large and rare vertebrate predators. The book should appeal to ecologists interested in the broad issue of predation effects on communities.

Coexisting with Large Carnivores

Author : Tim Clark
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597268445
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Coexisting with Large Carnivores by : Tim Clark

Download or read book Coexisting with Large Carnivores written by Tim Clark and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in the rest of the United States, grizzly bears, wolves, and mountain lions in and around Yellowstone National Park were eliminated or reduced decades ago to very low numbers. In recent years, however, populations have begun to recover, leading to encounters between animals and people and, more significantly, to conflicts among people about what to do with these often controversial neighbors. Coexisting with Large Carnivores presents a close-up look at the socio-political context of large carnivores and their management in western Wyoming south of Yellowstone National Park, including the southern part of what is commonly recognized as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The book brings together researchers and others who have studied and worked in the region to help untangle some of the highly charged issues associated with large carnivores, their interactions with humans, and the politics that arise from those interactions. This volume argues that coexistence will be achieved only by a thorough understanding of the human populations involved, their values, attitudes, beliefs, and the institutions through which carnivores and humans are managed. Coexisting with Large Carnivores offers important insights into this complex, dynamic issue and provides a unique overview of issues and strategies for managers, researchers, government officials, ranchers, and everyone else concerned about the management and conservation of large carnivores and the people who live nearby.

Yellowstone's Destabilized Ecosystem

Author : Frederic H. Wagner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195148215
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Yellowstone's Destabilized Ecosystem by : Frederic H. Wagner

Download or read book Yellowstone's Destabilized Ecosystem written by Frederic H. Wagner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-25 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The beloved Yellowstone National Park underwent a management shift in 1969 that drastically altered its landscape. This book comes at a time when scientific results are sometimes withheld so that they do not challenge policy positions. The author charges that Yellowstone-supported research has produced a faulty ecological paradigm, whether consciously or not, in order to maintain status quo of the Park's "natural-regulation" policy." "Wagner's ecosystem model of the Park's northern range focuses on a low-elevation region of the Park where a large herd of Rocky Mountain elk winters. His study spans 132 years of ecological, hydrologic, archaeological, photographic, and historic evidence and synthesizes the herd's impact over time."--BOOK JACKET.

Evaluating the Consequences of Wolf Recovery on Northern Yellowstone Elk

Author : Patrick James White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Consequences of Wolf Recovery on Northern Yellowstone Elk by : Patrick James White

Download or read book Evaluating the Consequences of Wolf Recovery on Northern Yellowstone Elk written by Patrick James White and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent restoration of wolves to the greater Yellowstone ecosystem created a new degree of complexity that makes it difficult to project long-term trends in abundance for ungulates. In contrast to other areas in North America, the greater Yellowstone ecosystem already supported a diverse predator complex, with five other large predators (i.e., black bears, coyotes, grizzly bears, humans, and mountain lions). Previous studies of relatively simple faunal systems with 1-2 predator and prey species suggest that wolves can have substantial top-down control on ungulates by decreasing their abundance and altering their spatial and temporal distribution, movements, and browsing patterns. Such effects have significant implications for natural resource managers because a reduction in ungulate abundance can lead to "trophic cascade" effects such as alterations in species abundance and community composition, nutrient concentrations of plants, and the physical structure of the vegetation and the environment. A reduction in ungulate abundance also typically results in lower harvest limits for humans. Thus, it is essential that natural resource decision-makers have reliable knowledge regarding the population dynamics of ungulates and wolves, as well as any other trophic-level effects that these interactions produce in the ecosystem.

Cougar-wolf Interactions in Yellowstone National Park

Author : Toni Karen Ruth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (583 download)

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Book Synopsis Cougar-wolf Interactions in Yellowstone National Park by : Toni Karen Ruth

Download or read book Cougar-wolf Interactions in Yellowstone National Park written by Toni Karen Ruth and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report provides a brief background and methodology pertinent to the project and its potentials, and preliminary results for the period of March 1998 through April 2001"--Page 2.

Advances in the Conservation of Large Terrestrial Mammals

Author : R. Terry Bowyer
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832549535
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in the Conservation of Large Terrestrial Mammals by : R. Terry Bowyer

Download or read book Advances in the Conservation of Large Terrestrial Mammals written by R. Terry Bowyer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-27 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large mammals are threatened worldwide. Life histories characterized by long life spans, delayed age at first reproduction, iteroparity, small litter sizes, high maternal investment in offspring, and long generation times expose many iconic large mammals to elevated risks of extinction. Among these risks are habitat loss, habitat degradation, escalating threats of climate change, illegal killing, disease, or inbreeding. Comprehending the threats faced by large mammals, and exploring how to counter those challenges effectively, are important steps toward conserving wild populations now and in the near future.

The Ecology of the Cougar (Puma Concolor) in the Northern Yellowstone Ecosystem

Author : Kerry M. Murphy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of the Cougar (Puma Concolor) in the Northern Yellowstone Ecosystem by : Kerry M. Murphy

Download or read book The Ecology of the Cougar (Puma Concolor) in the Northern Yellowstone Ecosystem written by Kerry M. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Weak Spatiotemporal Response of Prey to Predation Risk in a Freely Interacting System

Author : Jeremy J. Cusack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Weak Spatiotemporal Response of Prey to Predation Risk in a Freely Interacting System by : Jeremy J. Cusack

Download or read book Weak Spatiotemporal Response of Prey to Predation Risk in a Freely Interacting System written by Jeremy J. Cusack and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. The extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expectations. 2. We addressed all three challenges in a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal responses of adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (Canis lupus) during winter in northern Yellowstone, USA. 3. We quantified spatial overlap between the winter home ranges of GPS-collared elk and three measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf-killed elk and vegetation openness. We also assessed whether elk varied their use of areas characterized by more or less predation risk across hours of the day, and estimated encounter rates between simultaneous elk and wolf pack trajectories. We determined whether observed values were significantly lower than expected if elk movements were random with reference to predation risk using a null model approach. 4. Although a small proportion of elk did show a tendency to minimize use of open vegetation at specific times of the day, overall we highlight a notable absence of spatiotemporal response by female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone. 5. Our results suggest that predator?prey interactions may not always result in strong spatiotemporal patterns of avoidance.

The Northern Yellowstone Elk

Author : Douglas B. Houston
Publisher : Free Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Northern Yellowstone Elk by : Douglas B. Houston

Download or read book The Northern Yellowstone Elk written by Douglas B. Houston and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ecology of Predation and Scavenging and the Interface

Author : Marcos Moleón
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036510400
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of Predation and Scavenging and the Interface by : Marcos Moleón

Download or read book Ecology of Predation and Scavenging and the Interface written by Marcos Moleón and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predation and scavenging are pervasive ecological interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The ecology, evolution and conservation of predators and scavengers have received wide scientific attention and public awareness. However, the close connection that exists between predation and scavenging has not been emphasized until very recently. The recognition that carnivorous animals may obtain meat by either hunting prey or scavenging their carcasses has profound implications from individual behavior to population, community and ecosystem levels. However, many relevant questions still remain unexplored. This book deals with some of these questions, with the final aim to definitively dismiss the traditional view that predation and scavenging are disconnected ecological processes. This compendium of science may help to inspire ecologists, evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, forensic scientists, anatomists, and, of course, conservation biologists in their stimulating and promising endeavor of achieving a more comprehensive understanding of carnivory in a rapidly changing world.