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Author : United States. Department of Defense
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (233 download)
Download or read book The Secret Diplomacy of the Vietnam War written by United States. Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeffrey P. Kimball
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nixon's Vietnam War written by Jeffrey P. Kimball and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signing of the Paris Agreement in 1973 ended not only America's Vietnam War but also Richard Nixon's best laid plans. After years of secret negotiations, threats of massive bombing and secret diplomacy designed to shatter strained Communist alliances, the president had to settle for a peace that fell far short of his original aims.
Author : William Burr
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700620826
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Nixon's Nuclear Specter written by William Burr and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their initial effort to end the Vietnam War, Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger attempted to lever concessions from Hanoi at the negotiating table with military force and coercive diplomacy. They were not seeking military victory, which they did not believe was feasible. Instead, they backed up their diplomacy toward North Vietnam and the Soviet Union with the Madman Theory of threatening excessive force, which included the specter of nuclear force. They began with verbal threats then bombed North Vietnamese and Viet Cong base areas in Cambodia, signaling that there was more to come. As the bombing expanded, they launched a previously unknown mining ruse against Haiphong, stepped-up their warnings to Hanoi and Moscow, and initiated planning for a massive shock-and-awe military operation referred to within the White House inner circle as DUCK HOOK. Beyond the mining of North Vietnamese ports and selective bombing in and around Hanoi, the initial DUCK HOOK concept included proposals for “tactical” nuclear strikes against logistics targets and U.S. and South Vietnamese ground incursions into the North. In early October 1969, however, Nixon aborted planning for the long-contemplated operation. He had been influenced by Hanoi's defiance in the face of his dire threats and concerned about U.S. public reaction, antiwar protests, and internal administration dissent. In place of DUCK HOOK, Nixon and Kissinger launched a secret global nuclear alert in hopes that it would lend credibility to their prior warnings and perhaps even persuade Moscow to put pressure on Hanoi. It was to be a “special reminder” of how far President Nixon might go. The risky gambit failed to move the Soviets, but it marked a turning point in the administration's strategy for exiting Vietnam. Nixon and Kissinger became increasingly resigned to a “long-route” policy of providing Saigon with a “decent chance” of survival for a “decent interval” after a negotiated settlement and U.S. forces left Indochina. Burr and Kimball draw upon extensive research in participant interviews and declassified documents to unravel this intricate story of the October 1969 nuclear alert. They place it in the context of nuclear threat making and coercive diplomacy since 1945, the culture of the Bomb, intra-governmental dissent, domestic political pressures, the international “nuclear taboo,” and Vietnamese and Soviet actions and policies. It is a history that holds important lessons for the present and future about the risks and uncertainties of nuclear threat making.
Author : George C. Herring
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477304258
Total Pages : 916 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)
Download or read book The Secret Diplomacy of the Vietnam War written by George C. Herring and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-12-12 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1971 RAND consultant Daniel J. Ellsberg made national news by handing over to the New York Times a top secret Pentagon study on the Vietnam War. Publication of the Pentagon Papers rocked the American defense establishment and fanned the flames of the growing antiwar protest movement in the United States. By late that year, most of the Pentagon Papers had been released to the public. Four volumes, however, were held back, Ellsberg himself conceding their special sensitivity. These so-called negotiating volumes deal with the diplomacy of the war between 1964 and 1968. Published in book form with extensive commentary, they provide an indispensable source for the study of diplomacy during the Vietnam conflict. These documents cover thirteen major peace contacts and initiatives that took place during the presidency of Lyndon Johnson. They furnish a wealth of new information about the American bombing pauses of May 1965 and January 1966; several third-party peace initiatives; and a still virtually unknown 1965 contact, mysteriously called “xyz,” between North Vietnamese and American diplomats in Paris. They afford the most complete documentation yet available of the Polish-sponsored peace move codenamed “marigold” and the abortive peace initiative launched early in 1967 by British Prime Minister Wilson and Soviet Premier Kosygin. The utility of this important book is greatly enhanced by Herring’s extensive annotation, highly informative introductory essays, and helpful glossaries.
Author : James Hershberg
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804783888
Total Pages : 936 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Marigold written by James Hershberg and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marigold presents the first rigorously documented, in-depth story of one of the Vietnam War's last great mysteries: the secret peace initiative, codenamed "Marigold," that sought to end the war in 1966. The initiative failed, the war dragged on for another seven years, and this episode sank into history as an unresolved controversy. Antiwar critics claimed President Johnson had bungled (or, worse, deliberately sabotaged) a breakthrough by bombing Hanoi on the eve of a planned secret U.S.-North Vietnamese encounter in Poland. Yet, LBJ and top aides angrily insisted that Poland never had authority to arrange direct talks and Hanoi was not ready to negotiate. This book uses new evidence from long hidden communist sources to show that, in fact, Poland was authorized by Hanoi to open direct contacts and that Hanoi had committed to entering talks with Washington. It reveals LBJ's personal role in bombing Hanoi as he utterly disregarded the pleas of both the Polish and his own senior advisors. The historical implications of missing this opportunity are immense: Marigold might have ended the war years earlier, saving thousands of lives, and dramatically changed U.S. political history.
Author : Lloyd C. Gardner
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 1585443425
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (854 download)
Download or read book The Search for Peace in Vietnam, 1964-1968 written by Lloyd C. Gardner and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-10 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Search for Peace in Vietnam, 1964-1968, the newest edition in the Texas A&M University Press Series on Foreign Relations and the Presidency, is a collection of essays that analyze the Vietnam War in terms of its significance to the global arena. Under the guidance of editors Lloyd C. Gardner and Ted Gittinger, the contributors, representing both communist and capitalist backgrounds, examine whether the Vietnam War was responsible for the transformation of the international system, using a formula postulated by series editor H. W. Brands, which looks at the international system at the beginning of the war and at the end, and measuring how much of the difference in the two periods is the result of the war. Topics include Robert J. McMahon's assessment of the war's legacy to Southeast Asia; Xiaoming Zhang's analysis of Chinese involvement as an element in the Sino-Soviet rivalry; Ilya Gaiduk's account of the Soviet Indochina policy within the context of Moscow's relations with the outside world; Judith A. Klinghoffer's examination of the war's role in determining American foreign policy in the Middle East; Hiroshi Fujimoto's discussion of whether America's Cold War policy of regionalism affected Japan's economic prosperity; and other analyses by H. W. Brands, Lloyd C. Gardner, Robert K. Brigham, Frank Costigliola, Kil J. Yi, and Quang Zhai. John Prados ends the book questioning whether the Vietnam War was, in essence, just a sideshow in international relations and attempts to understand the war's place in the world and its impact on the place of the United States. The Search for Peace in Vietnam, 1964-1968 brings together a diverse group of scholars representing various viewpoints and backgrounds regarding the Vietnam War. The book breaks free from the mold of many American analyses of Vietnam, which place the war solely in the context of America's involvement and detriment, and endeavors to look further for both causes and effects. A true scholarly work, The Search for Peace in Vietnam, 1964-1968 challenges readers to think about this pivotal point in international history in a new way.
Author : Pierre Asselin
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807861235
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)
Download or read book A Bitter Peace written by Pierre Asselin and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2003-10-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstrating the centrality of diplomacy in the Vietnam War, Pierre Asselin traces the secret negotiations that led up to the Paris Agreement of 1973, which ended America's involvement but failed to bring peace in Vietnam. Because the two sides signed the agreement under duress, he argues, the peace it promised was doomed to unravel. By January of 1973, the continuing military stalemate and mounting difficulties on the domestic front forced both Washington and Hanoi to conclude that signing a vague and largely unworkable peace agreement was the most expedient way to achieve their most pressing objectives. For Washington, those objectives included the release of American prisoners, military withdrawal without formal capitulation, and preservation of American credibility in the Cold War. Hanoi, on the other hand, sought to secure the removal of American forces, protect the socialist revolution in the North, and improve the prospects for reunification with the South. Using newly available archival sources from Vietnam, the United States, and Canada, Asselin reconstructs the secret negotiations, highlighting the creative roles of Hanoi, the National Liberation Front, and Saigon in constructing the final settlement.
Author : David J. Alvarez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Secret Messages written by David J. Alvarez and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To defeat your enemies you must know them well. In wartime, however, enemy codemakers make that task much more difficult. If you cannot break their codes and read their messages, you may discover too late the enemy's intentions. That's why codebreakers were considered such a crucial weapon during World War II. In Secret Messages, David Alvarez provides the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of decoded radio messages (signals intelligence) upon American foreign policy and strategy from 1930 to 1945. He presents the most complete account to date of the U.S. Army's top-secret Signal Intelligence Service (SIS): its creation, its struggles, its rapid wartime growth, and its contributions to the war effort. Alvarez reveals the inner workings of the SIS (precursor of today's NSA) and the codebreaking process and explains how SIS intercepted, deciphered, and analyzed encoded messages. From its headquarters at Arlington Hall outside Washington, D.C., SIS grew from a staff of four novice codebreakers to more than 10,000 people stationed around the globe, secretly monitoring the communications of not only the Axis powers but dozens of other governments as well and producing a flood of intelligence. Some of the SIS programs were so clandestine that even the White House—unaware of the agency's existence until 1937—was kept uninformed of them, such as the 1943 creation of a super-secret program to break Soviet codes and ciphers. In addition, Alvarez brings to light such previously classified operations as the interception of Vatican communications and a comprehensive program to decrypt the communications of our wartime allies. He also dispels many of the myths about the SIS's influence on American foreign policy, showing that the impact of special intelligence in the diplomatic sphere was limited by the indifference of the White House, constraints within the program itself, and rivalries with other agencies (like the FBI). Drawing upon military and intelligence archives, interviews with retired and active cryptanalysts, and over a million pages of cryptologic documents declassified in 1996, Alvarez illuminates this dark corner of intelligence history and expands our understanding of its role in and contributions to the American effort in World War II.
Author : William M. Hammond
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780160016738
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (167 download)
Download or read book Public Affairs written by William M. Hammond and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1988 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States Army in Vietnam. CMH Pub. 91-13. Draws upon previously unavailable Army and Defense Department records to interpret the part the press played during the Vietnam War. Discusses the roles of the following in the creation of information policy: Military Assistance Command's Office of Information in Saigon; White House; State Department; Defense Department; and the United States Embassy in Saigon.
Author : Corneliu Bjola
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317330919
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Secret Diplomacy written by Corneliu Bjola and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates secret diplomacy with the aim of understanding its role in shaping foreign policy. Recent events, including covert intelligence gathering operations, accusations of spying, and the leaking of sensitive government documents, have demonstrated that secrecy endures as a crucial, yet overlooked, aspect of international diplomacy. The book brings together different research programmes and views on secret diplomacy and integrates them into a coherent analytical framework, thereby filling an important gap in the literature. The aim is to stimulate, generate and direct the further development of theoretical understandings of secret diplomacy by highlighting ‘gaps’ in existing bodies of knowledge. To this end, the volume is structured around three distinct themes: concepts, contexts and cases. The first section elaborates on the different meanings and manifestations of the concept; the second part examines basic contexts that underpin the practice of secret diplomacy; while the third section presents a series of empirical cases of particular relevance for contemporary diplomatic practice. While the fundamental conditions diplomacy seeks to overcome – alienation, estrangement and separation – are imbued with distrust and secrecy, this volume highlights that, if anything, secret diplomacy is a vital, if misunderstood and unfairly criticised, aspect of diplomacy. This book will be of much interest to students of diplomacy, intelligence studies, foreign policy and IR in general.
Author : William J. Rust
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813167450
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)
Download or read book Eisenhower & Cambodia written by William J. Rust and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historical study examines America’s Cold War diplomacy and covert operations intended to lure Cambodia from neutrality to alliance. Although most Americans paid little attention to Cambodia during Dwight D. Eisenhower’s presidency, the global ideological struggle with the Soviet Union guaranteed US vigilance throughout Southeast Asia. Cambodia’s leader, Norodom Sihanouk, refused to take sides in the Cold War, a policy that disturbed US officials. From 1953 to 1961, his government avoided the political and military crises of neighboring Laos and South Vietnam. However, relations between Cambodia and the United States suffered a blow in 1959 when Sihanouk discovered CIA involvement in a plot to overthrow him. The failed coup only increased Sihanouk’s power and prestige, presenting new foreign policy challenges in the region. In Eisenhower and Cambodia, William J. Rust demonstrates that covert intervention in the political affairs of Cambodia proved to be a counterproductive tactic for advancing the United States’ anticommunist goals. Drawing on recently declassified sources, Rust skillfully traces the impact of “plausible deniability” on the formulation and execution of foreign policy. His meticulous study not only reveals a neglected chapter in Cold War history but also illuminates the intellectual and political origins of US strategy in Vietnam and the often-hidden influence of intelligence operations in foreign affairs.
Author : Jeffrey P. Kimball
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Vietnam War Files written by Jeffrey P. Kimball and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The new evidence uncovers a number of behind-the-scenes plays - such as Nixon's secret nuclear alert of October 1969 - and sheds more light on Nixon's goals in Vietnam and his and Kissinger's strategies of Vietnamization, the "China card," and "triangular diplomacy." The excerpted documents also reveal significant new information about the purposes of the linebacker bombings, Nixon's manipulation of the pow issue, and the conduct of the secret negotiations in Paris - as well as other key topics, events, and issues. All of these are effectively framed by Kimball, whose introductions to each document provide historical context."
Author : Robert Kendall Brigham
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801433177
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (331 download)
Download or read book Guerrilla Diplomacy written by Robert Kendall Brigham and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1960 revolutionaries in South Viet Nam created the National Liberation Front, a political and military organization committed to overthrowing the Saigon government and liberating Viet Nam south of the seventeenth parallel. The role of the NLF during the war has been hotly debated, with officials in Washington claiming from the outset that the NLF was merely a puppet of Hanoi. Based on over a hundred interviews with former Communist cadre and high ranking Party officials as well as extensive archival research in Viet Nam, Robert K. Brigham's is a definitive work that provides a focus on the NLF not found elsewhere. It contributes greatly to our understanding of the Viet Nam War and encourages a reassessment of that conflict. Brigham assesses the impact of the NLF's diplomatic strategy on the conduct and outcome of hostilities, explores the origin and pursuit of its policy objectives, and defines its true relationship with North Viet Nam. He contends that the NLF's success in convincing the world that it was independent of Hanoi was critical in upsetting the political and military balance in South Viet Nam and frustrating the U.S. war effort. In addition, he argues that differences in goals among Communists--building socialism in the north, liberating the south--resulted in disagreements over responses to American intervention, and he shows how these differences entered into foreign relations and seriously undermined revolutionary efforts.
Author : Larry Berman
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 074321742X
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (432 download)
Download or read book No Peace, No Honor written by Larry Berman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2001-09-23 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this shocking exposé on the betrayal of South Vietnam, premier historian Larry Berman uses never-before-seen North Vietnamese documents to create a sweeping indictment against President Nixon and Henry Kissinger. On April 30, 1975, when U.S. helicopters pulled the last soldiers out of Saigon, the question lingered: Had American and Vietnamese lives been lost in vain? When the city fell shortly thereafter, the answer was clearly yes. The Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam—signed by Henry Kissinger in 1973, and hailed as "peace with honor" by President Nixon—was a travesty. In No Peace, No Honor, Larry Berman reveals the long-hidden truth in secret documents concerning U.S. negotiations that Kissinger had sealed—negotiations that led to his sharing the Nobel Peace Prize. Based on newly declassified information and a complete North Vietnamese transcription of the talks, Berman offers the real story for the first time, proving that there is only one word for Nixon and Kissinger's actions toward the United States' former ally, and the tens of thousands of soldiers who fought and died: betrayal.
Author : Wallace J. Thies
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780520046467
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (464 download)
Download or read book When Governments Collide written by Wallace J. Thies and published by . This book was released on 1982-05-17 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relying heavily on declassified documents, the author studies the attempt by the United States to coerce North Vietnam into a peace settlement by graduated military pressures short of total war
Author : Allan E. Goodman
Publisher : Institute of East Asian Studies University of California - B
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (49 download)
Download or read book The Search for a Negotiated Settlement of the Vietnam War written by Allan E. Goodman and published by Institute of East Asian Studies University of California - B. This book was released on 1986 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Viktor Bátor
Publisher : Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. : Oceana Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Vietnam, a Diplomatic Tragedy written by Viktor Bátor and published by Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. : Oceana Publications. This book was released on 1965 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study of the Eisenhower-Dulles era in foreign policy in 1953-56 as applied to the Indochina situation, seen as leading to the present conflict in Vietnam.
