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The Roles Of Mobility And Masks In The Spread Of Covid 19
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Book Synopsis The Roles of Mobility and Masks in the Spread of Covid-19 by : Daniel Cooper
Download or read book The Roles of Mobility and Masks in the Spread of Covid-19 written by Daniel Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This policy brief analyzes the effects of COVID-19 mitigation policies, those that restrict movement and activity and those that advocate public health best practices. The analysis uses US state-level data to estimate the effects of mobility, mask mandates, and compliance with these mandates on the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths. A one-standard-deviation increase in mobility is associated with an 11 to 20 basis points greater rate of growth in case counts; a mask mandate can offset about half of this increase. Slower growth in case counts ultimately translates into slower growth in death counts. Mask mandates are more effective in states where compliance with those mandates is higher. Our estimates imply that total infections in the United States would have been 46.5 to 66.2 percent lower than they were on November 15 if mobility had remained fixed at its May 15 level. Given the actual mobility level, if a national mask mandate had been enacted on May 15, the case count would have been 26.4 to 34.3 percent lower than it was on November 15. This means that a national mask mandate potentially could have offset as many as 74 percent of the additional COVID-19 cases associated with increases in mobility.
Book Synopsis The Face Mask In COVID Times by : Deborah Lupton
Download or read book The Face Mask In COVID Times written by Deborah Lupton and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simple fabric face mask is a key agent in the fight against the global spread of COVID-19. However, beyond its role as a protective covering against coronavirus infection, the face mask is the bearer of powerful symbolic and political power and arouses intense emotions. Adopting an international perspective informed by social theory, The Face Mask in COVID Times: A Sociomaterial Analysis offers an intriguing and original investigation of the social, cultural and historical dimensions of face-masking as a practice in the age of COVID. Rather than Beck’s ‘risk society’, we are now living in a ‘COVID society’, the long-term effects of which have yet to be experienced or imagined. Everything has changed. The COVID crisis has generated novel forms of sociality and new ways of living and moving through space and time. In this new world, the face mask has become a significant object, positioned as one of the key ways people can protect themselves and others from infection with the coronavirus. The face mask is rich with symbolic meaning as well as practical value. In the words of theorist Jane Bennett, the face mask has acquired a new ‘thing-power’ as it is coming together with human bodies in these times of uncertainty, illness and death. The role of the face mask in COVID times has been the subject of debate and dissension, arousing strong feelings. The historical and cultural contexts in which face masks against COVID contagion are worn (or not worn) are important to consider. In some countries, such as Japan and other East Asian nations, face mask wearing has a long tradition. Full or partial facial coverings, such as veiling, is common practice in regions such as the Middle East. In many other countries, including most countries in the Global North, most people, beyond health care workers, have little or no experience of face masks. They have had to learn how to make sense of face masking as a protective practice and how to incorporate face masks into their everyday practices and routines. Face masking practices have become highly political. The USA has witnessed protests against face mask wearing that rest on ‘sovereign individualism’, a notion which is highly specific to the contemporary political climate in that country. Face masks have also been worn to make political statements: bearing anti-racist statements, for example, but also Trump campaign support. Meanwhile, celebrities and influencers have sought to advocate for face mask wearing as part of their branding, while art makers, museums, designers and novelty fashion manufacturers have identified the opportunity to profit from this sudden new market. Face masks have become a fashion item as well as a medical device: both a way of signifying the wearer’s individuality and beliefs and their ethical stance in relation to the need to protect their own and others’ health. The Face Mask in COVID Times: A Sociomaterial Analysis provides a short and accessible analysis of the sociomaterial dimensions of the face mask in the age of COVID-19. The book presents seven short chapters and an epilogue. We bring together sociomaterial theoretical perspectives with compelling examples from public health advice and campaigns, anti-mask activism as well as popular culture (news reports, blog posts, videos, online shopping sites, art works) to illustrate our theoretical points, and use Images to support our analysis.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Dynamic Relationship Between Mobility and the Spread of Covid-19, and the Role of Vaccines by : Tomoo Inoue
Download or read book Exploring the Dynamic Relationship Between Mobility and the Spread of Covid-19, and the Role of Vaccines written by Tomoo Inoue and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial and Spatio-temporal Bayesian Models with R - INLA by : Marta Blangiardo
Download or read book Spatial and Spatio-temporal Bayesian Models with R - INLA written by Marta Blangiardo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Bayesian Models with R-INLA provides a much needed, practically oriented & innovative presentation of the combination of Bayesian methodology and spatial statistics. The authors combine an introduction to Bayesian theory and methodology with a focus on the spatial and spatio-temporal models used within the Bayesian framework and a series of practical examples which allow the reader to link the statistical theory presented to real data problems. The numerous examples from the fields of epidemiology, biostatistics and social science all are coded in the R package R-INLA, which has proven to be a valid alternative to the commonly used Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations
Book Synopsis Societal Values and Mask Usage for COVID-19 Control in the US. by : Courtney Bir
Download or read book Societal Values and Mask Usage for COVID-19 Control in the US. written by Courtney Bir and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 has reshaped lives worldwide and societies are looking for ways to mitigate risk while reopening to stimulate economic recovery. Facial covering (mask) usage reduces the risk of disease spread by preventing transmission by even asymptomatic individuals. Yet, particularly in the U.S. where mask wearing is divisive and politicized there is limited understanding of public beliefs with regard to mask usage. We find that 83% (±3%) of U.S. respondents in our nationally representative sample believe masks have a role in U.S. society related to the spread of COVID-19. However, 11-24% of those same respondents report not wearing a mask themselves in some public locations. Beliefs about mask wearing and usage vary by respondent demographics and their level of agreement with a variety of societal value statements referencing personal freedoms and societal expectations. As cases are rising throughout the summer 2020 many regions of the U.S. are fearful of reintroduction of movement restrictions to slow disease spread. While many more agree that masks have a role in society, only 47% indicated that “Wearing a mask will help prevent future lock-downs in my community related to COVID-19.” Public perception of the importance of mask usage revealed the top three locations in order of importance as public transportation, grocery/food stores, and schools, indicating a possible mismatch in areas public health entities reference as highest risk for spread versus locations the public sees as most important for mask usage.
Book Synopsis Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any strategy to cope with an influenza pandemic must be based on the knowledge and tools that are available at the time an epidemic may occur. In the near term, when we lack an adequate supply of vaccine and antiviral medication, strategies that rely on social distancing and physical barriers will be relatively more prominent as means to prevent spread of disease. The use of respirators and facemasks is one key part of a larger strategy to establish barriers and increase distance between infected and uninfected individuals. Respirators and facemasks may have a role in both clinical care and community settings. Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic: Facing the Flu answers a specific question about the role of respirators and facemasks to reduce the spread of flu: Can respirators and facemasks that are designed to be disposable be reused safely and effectively? The committee-assisted by outstanding staff-worked intensively to review the pertinent literature; consult with manufacturers, researchers, and medical specialists; and apply their expert judgment. This report offers findings and recommendations based on the evidence, pointing to actions that are appropriate now and to lines of research that can better inform future decisions.
Book Synopsis Understanding Mobility as a Service (MaaS) by : David A. Hensher
Download or read book Understanding Mobility as a Service (MaaS) written by David A. Hensher and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-05-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread adoption of smartphones, ridesharing and carsharing have disrupted the transport sector. In cities around the world, new mobility services are both welcomed and challenged by regulators and incumbent operators. Mobility as a Service (MaaS), an ecosystem designed to deliver collaborative and connected mobility services in a society increasingly embracing a sharing culture, is at the center of this disruption. Understanding Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Past, Present and Future examines such topics as: How likely MaaS will be implemented in one digital platform app Whether MaaS will look the same in all countries The role multi-modal contract brokers play Mobility regulations and pricing models MaaS trials, their impacts and consequences Written by the leading thinkers in the field for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers, Understanding Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Past, Present and Future serves as a single source on all the current and evolving developments, debates, and challenges. Includes case studies to show how MaaS is delivered around the world Covers foundational aspects of MaaS, clarifying what it is for those new to the concept Offers an in-depth analysis on a wide range of MaaS topics including governance, contracts, consumer and supplier preferences, links to societal objectives, the role of trials, assessments, and more
Book Synopsis Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating Pandemic Disease by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating Pandemic Disease written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-07-08 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent public workshops and working group meetings, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has examined a variety of infectious disease outbreaks with pandemic potential, including those caused by influenza (IOM, 2005) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (IOM, 2004). Particular attention has been paid to the potential pandemic threat posed by the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, which is now endemic in many Southeast Asian bird populations. Since 2003, the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza has caused 185 confirmed human deaths in 11 countries, including some cases of viral transmission from human to human (WHO, 2007). But as worrisome as these developments are, at least they are caused by known pathogens. The next pandemic could well be caused by the emergence of a microbe that is still unknown, much as happened in the 1980s with the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in 2003 with the appearance of the SARS coronavirus. Previous Forum meetings on pandemic disease have discussed the scientific and logistical challenges associated with pandemic disease recognition, identification, and response. Participants in these earlier meetings also recognized the difficulty of implementing disease control strategies effectively. Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating Pandemic Disease: Workshop Summary as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.
Book Synopsis Mapping COVID-19 in Space and Time by : Shih-Lung Shaw
Download or read book Mapping COVID-19 in Space and Time written by Shih-Lung Shaw and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the spatial and temporal perspectives on COVID-19 and its impacts and deepens our understanding of human dynamics during and after the global pandemic. It critically examines the role smart city technologies play in shaping our lives in the years to come. The book covers a wide-range of issues related to conceptual, theoretical and data issues, analysis and modeling, and applications and policy implications such as socio-ecological perspectives, geospatial data ethics, mobility and migration during COVID-19, population health resilience and much more. With accelerated pace of technological advances and growing divide on political and policy options, a better understanding of disruptive global events such as COVID-19 with spatial and temporal perspectives is an imperative and will make the ultimate difference in public health and economic decision making. Through in-depth analyses of concepts, data, methods, and policies, this book stimulates future studies on global pandemics and their impacts on society at different levels.
Book Synopsis Regression and Other Stories by : Andrew Gelman
Download or read book Regression and Other Stories written by Andrew Gelman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical approach to using regression and computation to solve real-world problems of estimation, prediction, and causal inference.
Book Synopsis Psychology of Behavioural Interventions and Pandemic Control by : Barrie Gunter
Download or read book Psychology of Behavioural Interventions and Pandemic Control written by Barrie Gunter and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-28 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology of Behavioural Interventions and Pandemic Control is a unique text that examines the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to population risk factors and the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions deployed by many governments around the world to bring the pandemic under control. The book presents critical and insightful lessons that can be drawn up to assess governments’ performance in relation to the pandemic and to guide the construction of effective measures to put in place in readiness for any future public health crises on this scale. It starts by examining lessons learned from historical pandemics and then turns to early epidemiological modelling that influenced the decision of many governments to implement wide-ranging interventions designed to bring public behaviour under close control. It also examines the findings of research that tried to understand pre-existing population risks factors which had some mediating influences over COVID-19, mortality rates, and the effects of interventions. Early modelling work is critiqued, and the discussion also identifies weaknesses in early modelling research. The author, Barrie Gunter, goes on to consider ways in which multiple disciplines can be triangulated to produce more comprehensive models of risk. He also offers suggestions on how future pandemic-related research might be constructed to deliver more powerful analyses of the effects of interventions and the role played by different population risk factors. This insight might then deliver better policies for pandemic control and for safe release from that control. This is essential reading for students and researchers in psychology, public health and medical sciences. It would also be of interest to policy makers assessing government strategies, responses and performance.
Book Synopsis A New Contract with the Middle Class by : Richard V. Reeves
Download or read book A New Contract with the Middle Class written by Richard V. Reeves and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better future for the middle class is no longer an aspiration. It is a necessity. The disintegration of the American Dream is more visible than ever before. The understanding—the contract—that existed between individuals willing to work and contribute and a society willing to support those individuals when they needed it is falling apart. Now is the time to draft a new contract with America's middle class. One that rewards work and service, improves upward mobility, and reduces inequality. In A New Contract with the Middle Class Brookings senior fellows Isabel Sawhill and Richard Reeves outline the foundations of what that new contract should be, based on discussions they had across the country with middle-class Americans. Sawhill and Reeves' recommendations provide solutions to issues that came up time and time again in these conversations: money, time, relationships, health, and respect. Some of the bold recommendations included in A New Contract with the Middle Class: • Eliminate virtually all income taxes paid by the middle class. • Raise the minimum wage and subsidize wages below the median with a worker tax credit. • Offer scholarships for those who undertake at least a year of national service. • Ensure four weeks of paid leave per year. • Align school and working hours and boost child care to help working parents. America is only as strong as the American middle-class. A New Contract with the Middle Class proposes a new way forward.
Book Synopsis Resilient Urban Futures by : Zoé A. Hamstead
Download or read book Resilient Urban Futures written by Zoé A. Hamstead and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book addresses the way in which urban and urbanizing regions profoundly impact and are impacted by climate change. The editors and authors show why cities must wage simultaneous battles to curb global climate change trends while adapting and transforming to address local climate impacts. This book addresses how cities develop anticipatory and long-range planning capacities for more resilient futures, earnest collaboration across disciplines, and radical reconfigurations of the power regimes that have institutionalized the disenfranchisement of minority groups. Although planning processes consider visions for the future, the editors highlight a more ambitious long-term positive visioning approach that accounts for unpredictability, system dynamics and equity in decision-making. This volume brings the science of urban transformation together with practices of professionals who govern and manage our social, ecological and technological systems to design processes by which cities may achieve resilient urban futures in the face of climate change.
Download or read book Slum Health written by Jason Corburn and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban slum dwellers—especially in emerging-economy countries—are often poor, live in squalor, and suffer unnecessarily from disease, disability, premature death, and reduced life expectancy. Yet living in a city can and should be healthy. Slum Health exposes how and why slums can be unhealthy; reveals that not all slums are equal in terms of the hazards and health issues faced by residents; and suggests how slum dwellers, scientists, and social movements can come together to make slum life safer, more just, and healthier. Editors Jason Corburn and Lee Riley argue that valuing both new biologic and “street” science—professional and lay knowledge—is crucial for improving the well-being of the millions of urban poor living in slums.
Book Synopsis The Economic Effects of COVID-19 Containment Measures by : Pragyan Deb
Download or read book The Economic Effects of COVID-19 Containment Measures written by Pragyan Deb and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containment measures are crucial to halt the spread of the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic but entail large short-term economic costs. This paper tries to quantify these effects using daily global data on real-time containment measures and indicators of economic activity such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions, flights, energy consumption, maritime trade, and mobility indices. Results suggest that containment measures have had, on average, a very large impact on economic activity--equivalent to a loss of about 15 percent in industrial production over a 30-day period following their implementation. Using novel data on fiscal and monetary policy measures used in response to the crisis, we find that these policy measures were effective in mitigating some of these economic costs. We also find that while workplace closures and stay-at-home orders are more effective in curbing infections, they are associated with the largest economic costs. Finally, while easing of containment measures has led to a pickup in economic activity, the effect has been lower (in absolute value) than that from the tightening of measures.
Book Synopsis The Cultural Psychology of the COVID-19 Pandemic by : Yulia Chentsova Dutton
Download or read book The Cultural Psychology of the COVID-19 Pandemic written by Yulia Chentsova Dutton and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Smart Mobility written by Alaa Khamis and published by Apress. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year we witness several paradigm shifts in mobility systems and services, increasingly so as technology progresses. The future of mobility is people-centric, software-defined, connected, and electric. Now more than ever, it is imperative for current and aspiring leaders in the field to understand the foundations of people-centric smart cities with a focus on sustainability. Smart Mobility offers a holistic view of the current and emerging smart mobility systems and explores their foundational technologies, technology enablers, and disruptors. Author Alaa Khamis acknowledges the need for smart mobility arising with growing world urbanization, and the impact of this on public health, congestion, and climate change. Khamis expertly interrogates how a focus on smart mobility can mitigate all of these risks using his triad of complementary factors: technology, governance, and city planning. In this book you’ll study how foundational technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, the Internet of Things, robotics, and many more all work together to allow for smart mobility in our modern era. Khamis additionally covers the topical events of the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes its impact on consumer behavior and the expected short-term disruptions and longer-term structural changes. The socioeconomic changes in our urban centers are vast, and Smart Mobility breaks down the core concepts with meaningful data and insights. What You Will Learn Explore different mobility modes, including mobility-as-a-service, shared mobility, mobility on demand, the gig economy and the passenger economy Cover how the smart mobility triad - technology, governance, and city planning - work together to create a smart and sustainable mobility See how the COVID-19 pandemic is impacting consumer behavior and preferences and changing the future of mobility Who This Book Is ForWorking professionals, students, researchers, technologists, city planners, and the curious layman.
