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The Role Of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator A1b1 In Growth Factor Mediated Mammary Tumorigenesis
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Book Synopsis The Role of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator A1B1 in Growth Factor-Mediated Mammary Tumorigenesis by :
Download or read book The Role of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator A1B1 in Growth Factor-Mediated Mammary Tumorigenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AIBI (Amplified In Breast Cancer I) is a nuclear receptor coactivator whose gene is amplified in 5-10% of breast cancers and both the mRNA and protein are overexpressed in 30% of breast tumors. In vitro studies show that AIBI plays a significant role in estrogen and IGF-1-induced cell proliferation. Germline knockout of the AIBI gene leads to reduced somatic growth abnormal reproductive function and reduced mammary gland development. Knockout of AIBI expression also abrogates Ras-induced tumorigenesis. Furthermore patients with tumors expressing high levels of the growth factor HER2/Neu in addition to AIBI often develop anti-estrogen resistance to tamoxifen therapy. These findings imply that AIBI plays a fundamental role in the development of hormone-independent breast cancer through growth factor mediated pathways. Nonetheless the underlying mechanism of AIBI regulation of growth factor mediated mammary neoplasia is unknown. In this invesbgation I will utilize the MMTV-Neu mouse model (develop mammary gland tumors in 7-9 months) to elucidate the specific role of AIBI in growth factor-induced mammary tumorigenesis.
Book Synopsis The Role of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator Aib1/src3 in Normal and Breast Cancer Stromal Functions by : Maram Abdulmohsen Al-Otaiby
Download or read book The Role of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator Aib1/src3 in Normal and Breast Cancer Stromal Functions written by Maram Abdulmohsen Al-Otaiby and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nuclear receptor coactivator amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1/SRC3) has a well-defined role in steroid and growth factor signaling in cancer and normal epithelial cells. Less is known about its function in stromal cells, though AIB1/SRC3 is upregulated in tumor stroma and may thus contribute to tumor angiogenesis. In addition, our lab has demonstrated previously a potential impact of AIB1/SRC3 on tumor stroma as reduced angiogenesis was observed in mammary tumors in AIB1/SRC3 knockout mice. In this study, we report for the first time the effect of AIB1/SRC3 on the function of two types of stromal cells and on keratinocytes in vitro. Endothelial cell functions including formation of tube like structures, monolayer formation, migration, proliferation and apoptosis were all inhibited by reduction in AIB1. We also observed reduction on FGF2-induced signaling of endothelial cells in vitro when AIB1/SRC3 levels were reduced. Moreover, AIB1/SRC3 did not impact fibroblast proliferation, but did impact its migration. We also observed that AIB1/SRC3 had a significant effect on keratinocyte proliferation through the up regulation of a number of cell cycle molecules. In AIB1/SRC3+/- and AIB1/SRC3-/- mice, the angiogenic responses to subcutaneous Matrigel implants were reduced by two thirds and exogenously added FGF2 did not overcome this deficiency. Furthermore, AIB1/SRC3+/- and AIB1/SRC3-/- mice showed a similarly delayed healing of full-thickness excisional skin wounds indicating that both alleles were required for proper tissue repair. Analysis of this defective wound healing showed reduced recruitment of inflammatory cells and macrophages, cytokine induction and metalloprotease activity. Skin grafts from animals with different AIB1 genotype and subsequent wounding of the grafts revealed that the defective healing is attributable to local factors and not to defective bone marrow responses. Indeed, wounds in AIB1/SRC3+/- mice showed reduced expression of FGF10, FGFBP3, FGFR1, FGFR2b and FGFR3, major local drivers of angiogenesis. Further, we examined the influence of AIB1/SRC3 in the epithelial and stromal cross talk in breast cancer. We reported that AIB1/SRC3 has a critical role in the stromal compartment during mammary tumor development. The loss of one allele of AIB1/SRC3 in the stroma significantly delayed tumorigenesis.
Book Synopsis Regulation and Role of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator AIB1 in Breast Cancer by :
Download or read book Regulation and Role of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator AIB1 in Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AIB1 (Amplified In Breast cancer 1) is a nuclear receptor coactivator found amplified and overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers. AIBl potentiates the transcriptional activity of the estrogen, progesterone, thyroid hormone, and retinoid receptors. It is necessary for normal female reproductive function and mammary gland development and is rate-limiting for tumor growth in nude mice. It is hypothesized that the amplification and overexpression of AIBl contribute to the promotion and/or progression of breast cancer. An understanding of the regulation of expression of AIB1 will give insight into the role of AIB1 in breast cancer. This work has shown that antiestrogens, retinoids, and TGF-beta contribute to the overexpression of AIB1 in MCK-7 breast cancer cells. The putative promoter for the AIB1 gene has been identified. Regulatory elements involved in the regulation of AIB1 by antiestrogens, retinoids, and TGF-beta were not found in the cloned promoter regions and may be upstream or intronic enhancer elements. Further studies will explore the consequences of overexpression of AIB1 through stable transfection into a cell line with low endogenous levels of AIB1.
Book Synopsis EGF Regulation of Nuclear Co-Activator AIB1 Function in Breast Cancer by :
Download or read book EGF Regulation of Nuclear Co-Activator AIB1 Function in Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various growth factor receptor pathways promote human breast tumorigenesis of hormone-independent tumors. The nuclear receptor coactivator AIBi (amplified in breast cancer 1) can be phosphorylated and regulated by growth factor-induced signaling pathways such as MAP kinase and IkB kinase. Our lab has found a splice variant of AIBl, called delta exon3 AIBl, which has a higher co-activating ability than the full-length protein. This study determined the ability of delta exon3 splice variant compared with AIBi in potentiating growth factor signaling and to determine the mechanism of this potentiation using a growth factor responsive promoter.
Book Synopsis Transgenic Models in Pharmacology by : Lutz Hein
Download or read book Transgenic Models in Pharmacology written by Lutz Hein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-10 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information on animal models generated by transgenic or gene targeting techniques. Naturally, the focus is on the mouse system. Each chapter has been written by leading experts in the field and gives an overview on existing animal models. This is facilitated by tables, which list the most important genetically engineered animal models and their phenotypes. This book aims at illustrating the impact of transgenic animal models in the field of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, which includes their role in the understanding of basic cellular mechanisms, the evaluation of potential drug targets or the testing for drug effects.
Download or read book Retinoid Signaling Pathways written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retinoid Signaling Pathways, Volume 637, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Sections in this release include The chemistry and biochemistry of Vitamin A and its natural derivative, Biosynthesis of retinoic acids, Biodegration of retinoic acids mediated by retinoid binding proteins, Retinoic acid homeostasis, Cryo Electron Microscopy to study retinol update via the STRA6 receptor, Immuno-detection of retinoic acid synthesis enzymes in the brain, classical pathway of gene regulation by retinoids, Protein-protein interactions in the regulation of retinoid acid receptors activity, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series - Includes the latest information on retinoid signaling pathways
Book Synopsis Bone Pathology by : Jasvir S. Khurana
Download or read book Bone Pathology written by Jasvir S. Khurana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone Pathology is the second edition of the book, A Compendium of Skeletal Pathology that published 10 years ago. Similar to the prior edition, this book complements standard pathology texts and blends new but relatively established information on the molecular biology of the bone. Serving as a bench-side companion to the surgical pathologist, this new edition reflects new advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of bone. New chapters on soft-tissue sarcomas and soft-tissue tumors have been added as well as several additional chapters such as Soft-tissue pathology and Biomechanics. The volume is written by experts who are established in the field of musculoskeletal diseases. Bone Pathology is a combined effort from authors of different specialties including surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and basic scientists all of whom have in common an interest in bone diseases. It will be of great value to surgical pathology residents as well as practicing pathologists, skeletal radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and medical students.
Book Synopsis Genetic Steroid Disorders by : Maria I. New
Download or read book Genetic Steroid Disorders written by Maria I. New and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-06-14 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Steroid Disorders, Second Edition targets adult and pediatric endocrinologists, clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, reproductive endocrinologists, neonatologists, urologists, and psychoendocrinologists. It is designed to assist these specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of steroid disorders. This revision includes a new chapter on "Gonadotropins, Obesity and Bone" and new research on non-invasive prenatal diagnosis with cell-free DNA. Chapters are thoroughly updated covering steroid disorders, the genetic bases for the disorder and case presentations, This definitive reference belongs in every medical library! - Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of genetic steroid disorders in one reference work - Provides a common language for endocrinologists, geneticists, molecular pathologists, and genetic counselors to discuss and diagnose genetic steroid disorders Saves clinicians and researchers time in quickly accessing the very latest details on genetic tests and diagnoses as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles - Highlights significant discoveries with clinical relevance, presenting insight into which medications to use based on the genetic makeup of a patient - Teaches the best strategies and most effective use of genetic information in the patient counseling setting
Book Synopsis DNA Methylation and Complex Human Disease by : Michel Neidhart
Download or read book DNA Methylation and Complex Human Disease written by Michel Neidhart and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA Methylation and Complex Human Disease reviews the possibilities of methyl-group-based epigenetic biomarkers of major diseases, tailored epigenetic therapies, and the future uses of high-throughput methylome technologies. This volume includes many pertinent advances in disease-bearing research, including obesity, type II diabetes, schizophrenia, and autoimmunity. DNA methylation is also discussed as a plasma and serum test for non-invasive screening, diagnostic and prognostic tests, as compared to biopsy-driven gene expression analysis, factors which have led to the use of DNA methylation as a potential tool for determining cancer risk, and diagnosis between benign and malignant disease. Therapies are at the heart of this volume and the possibilities of DNA demethylation. In cancer, unlike genetic mutations, DNA methylation and histone modifications are reversible and thus have shown great potential in the race for effective treatments. In addition, the authors present the importance of high-throughput methylome analysis, not only in cancer, but also in non-neoplastic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. - Discusses breaking biomarker research in major disease families of current health concern and research interest, including obesity, type II diabetes, schizophrenia, and autoimmunity - Summarizes advances not only relevant to cancer, but also in non-neoplastic disease, currently an emerging field - Describes wholly new concepts, including the linking of metabolic pathways with epigenetics - Provides translational researchers with the knowledge of both basic research and clinic applications of DNA methylation in human diseases
Book Synopsis Hormones and Cancer: Breast and Prostate, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America by : Alice C. Levine
Download or read book Hormones and Cancer: Breast and Prostate, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America written by Alice C. Levine and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Endocrinology Clinics brings the reader up to date on the latest information about hormones and cancer of the breast and prostate. The first section focuses on the breast, and topics covered include the following. The role of sex steroids and their receptors in normal breast development; estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer; hormonal mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and breast cancer; postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer; aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogen and SERMS in the treatment of breast cancer; and androgens in breast cancer in men and women. The second section is devoted to the prostate, and topics covered include the following. Overview of prostate anatomy, histology, and pathology; the critical role of sex steroids in normal prostate development; estrogens and androgens in prostate cancer development and the rationale for hormonal chemopreventive therapies; weighing the clinical evidence regarding the timing and extent of androgen ablative therapy for prostate cancer treatment; new hormonal therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer; and the management of the side effects of castration therapy.
Book Synopsis Cellular Lipid Metabolism by : Christian Ehnholm
Download or read book Cellular Lipid Metabolism written by Christian Ehnholm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years lipids have fascinated cell biologists and biochemists due to their profound effects on cell function. "Cellular Lipid Metabolism" highlights new concepts and recent findings, but also reviews important discoveries made in the past. Outstanding international experts contribute 13 chapters on the genetics, molecular and cell biology of lipids. Presenting analyses at the molecular level they reveal the principles by which cellular lipid metabolism functions. Further, numerous intriguing observations that cannot yet be explained are identified, stimulating the readers to future studies. This book provides an invaluable source of information for biomedical researchers in energy metabolism, vascular biology, endocrinology and lipidology.
Book Synopsis Hormones, Brain and Behavior by : Donald W. Pfaff
Download or read book Hormones, Brain and Behavior written by Donald W. Pfaff and published by Academic Press. This book was released on with total page 957 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Androgens and Androgen Receptor by : Chawnshang Chang
Download or read book Androgens and Androgen Receptor written by Chawnshang Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-10-31 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgen Receptors is the most comprehensive and up to date volume on the topic, including discussions of the basic mechanisms of androgen-androgen receptor actions, their roles in the androgen-related diseases, and their potential clinical applications. Key topics covered include: -The discovery and cloning of the androgen receptor; -Androgen receptor coregulators; -Androgen related genes and their consensus DNA response elements; -Basic mechanism of action including functional analyses, cellular localization and phosphorylation studies; -Cross-talk to other signal transduction systems; -The recent connections of androgens to women's diseases, such as osteoporosis and ovarian cancer. This book is of interest to students, basic scientists, and clinicians as both a study guide and reference of research in the androgen field. It could also be used as an advanced level text in endocrinology, urology, OBGYN, or oncology.
Book Synopsis Principles of Molecular Oncology by : Miguel H. Bronchud
Download or read book Principles of Molecular Oncology written by Miguel H. Bronchud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the midpoint of the 20th century, our knowledge of cancer was based on epide- ology and pathology, and treatment consisted of surgery and radiation therapy. At mid-century, Medawar and colleagues initiated the understanding of transplantation immunology, Farber described the first use of an antifolic drug to treat leukemia, and Jacobson and coworkers described the irradiation-protection effect of spleen cells. These observations opened the door to the development of chemotherapy and tra- plantation in the treatment of cancer. Despite the rapid development of these new disciplines, progress was usually based on empiric observations and clinical trials. The rapid advances in molecular biology at the end of the 20th century mark a new era in our knowledge of cancer. Molecular immunology, molecular genetics, mole- lar pharmacology, and the Human Genome Project are in the process of providing a level of understanding of cancer undreamed of in the past. Optimism is based on the firm belief that understanding at the molecular level will lead to better and earlier di- nosis, to new forms of treatment, and, most importantly, eventually to prevention of many types of cancer.
Book Synopsis Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems: Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation by :
Download or read book Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems: Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems: Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation, Volume 639, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Chapters in this new release include Fluorogenic detection of protein aggregates in live cells using the AggTag method, Synthesis and Application of Ratiometric Probes for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection, Chemical Tools for Multicolor Protein FRET with Tryptophan, Fluorescing Isofunctional Ribonucleosides for Adenosine Deaminase Activity and Inhibition, Temporal profiling establishes a dynamic S-palmitoylation cycle, Solvation-guided design of fluorescent probes for discrimination of amyloids, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Includes the latest information on retinoid signaling pathways
Book Synopsis Morphogenesis and Pathogenicity in Fungi by : José Pérez Martín
Download or read book Morphogenesis and Pathogenicity in Fungi written by José Pérez Martín and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-02-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious fungal diseases continue to take their toll in terms of human suffering and enormous economic losses. Invasive infections by opportunistic fungal pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immuno-compromised individuals. At the same time, plant pathogenic fungi have devastating effects on crop production and human health. New strategies for antifungal control are required to meet the challenges posed by these agents, and such approaches can only be developed through the identification of novel biochemical and molecular targets. However, in contrast to bacterial pathogens, fungi display a wealth of “lifestyles” and modes of infection. This diversity makes it extremely difficult to identify individual, evolutionarily conserved virulence determinants and represents a major stumbling block in the search for common antifungal targets. In order to activate the infection programme, all fungal pathogens must undergo appropriate developmental transitions that involve cellular differentiation and the introduction of a new morphogenetic programme. How growth, cell cycle progression and morphogenesis are co-ordinately regulated during development has been an active area of research in fungal model systems such as budding and fission yeast. By contrast, we have only limited knowledge of how these developmental processes shape fungal pathogenicity, or of the role of the cell cycle and morphogenesis regulators as true virulence factors. This book combines state-of-the-art expertise from diverse pathogen model systems to update our current understanding of the regulation of fungal morphogenesis as a key determinant of pathogenicity in fungi.
Book Synopsis Ocular Transporters and Receptors by : Ashim K Mitra
Download or read book Ocular Transporters and Receptors written by Ashim K Mitra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular transporters and receptors contains detailed descriptions of major transporters and receptors expressed in the eye, with special emphasis on their role in drug delivery. The complex anatomy and the existence of multiple barriers in the eye pose a considerable challenge to successful drug delivery to the eye. Hence ocular transporters and receptors are important targets for drug delivery. A significant advancement has been made in the field of ocular transport research and their role in drug delivery. In this book the cutting edge research being carried out in this field is compiled and summarized. The book focuses on key areas, including the anatomy and physiology of the eye, biology of ocular transporters and receptors, techniques in characterization of transporters and receptors, transporters and receptors in the anterior and posterior segment in the eye, the role of ocular transporters and receptors in drug delivery, and transporter-metabolism interplay in the eye. - Highly focused on ocular transporters - Most up-to-date research compilation - Detailed description of role of transporters and receptors in ocular drug discovery and delivery
