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The Rise Of The Middle Class In Contemporary China
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Book Synopsis The Rise of the Middle Class in Contemporary China by : Hainan Su
Download or read book The Rise of the Middle Class in Contemporary China written by Hainan Su and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book portrays the middle class in contemporary China with plain language and precise professional knowledge in an all-round, broad and responsible way from the perspectives of income, property, profession, education, consumption, investment, physiological and behavioral characteristics, history and development. It gives, in a logical order, the reasons for stimulating the rise of the middle class in contemporary China. It emphatically describes what the middle class is and what the middle class in contemporary China looks like. It also analyzes whether the middle class can rise in China and sheds light on the basic thinking, medium and long-term goals, main measures and current work priorities for achieving full rise of the middle class in contemporary China. As China becomes the world's largest economy, the new middle class will be the Chinese people facing the world; as such, this book will be of interest to sociologists, sinologists, political scientists, and economists.
Book Synopsis Class in Contemporary China by : David S. G. Goodman
Download or read book Class in Contemporary China written by David S. G. Goodman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2015 More than three decades of economic growth have led to significant social change in the People's Republic of China. This timely book examines the emerging structures of class and social stratification: how they are interpreted and managed by the Chinese Communist Party, and how they are understood and lived by people themselves. David Goodman details the emergence of a dominant class based on political power and wealth that has emerged from the institutions of the Party-state; a well-established middle class that is closely associated with the Party-state and a not-so-well-established entrepreneurial middle class; and several different subordinate classes in both the rural and urban areas. In doing so, he considers several critical issues: the extent to which the social basis of the Chinese political system has changed and the likely consequences; the impact of change on the old working class that was the socio-political mainstay of state socialism before the 1980s; the extent to which the migrant workers on whom much of the economic power of the PRC since the early 1980s has been based are becoming a new working class; and the consequences of China's growing middle class, especially for politics. The result is an invaluable guide for students and non-specialists interested in the contours of ongoing social change in China.
Book Synopsis China's Emerging Middle Class by : Cheng Li
Download or read book China's Emerging Middle Class written by Cheng Li and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades ago, there was no distinct middle class in the People's Republic of China. Any meaningful discussion of China's economy, politics, or society must take into account the rapid emergence and explosive growth of the Chinese middle class. This book details the origins and characteristics of this dramatic change.
Download or read book Middle Class Shanghai written by Cheng Li and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States may be headed toward a disastrous conflict with China unless Washington updates its understanding of contemporary Chinese society After four decades of engagement, the United States and China now appear to be locked on a collision course that has already fomented a trade war, seems likely to produce a new cold war, and could even result in dangerous military conflict. The current deterioration of the bilateral relationship is the culmination of years of disputes, disillusionment, disappointment, and distrust between the two countries. Washington has legitimate concerns about Beijing's excessive domestic political control and aggressive foreign policy stances, just as Chinese leaders believe the United States still has futile designs on blocking their country's inevitable rise to great-power status. Cheng Li's Middle Class Shanghai argues that American policymakers must not lose sight of the expansive dynamism and diversity in present-day China. The caricature of the PRC as a monolithic Communist apparatus set on exporting its ideology and development model is simplistic and misguided. Drawing on empirical research in the realms of higher education, avant-garde art, architecture, and law, this unique study highlights the strong, constructive impact of bilateral exchanges. Combining eclectic human stories with striking new data analysis, this book addresses the possibility that the development of China's class structure and cosmopolitan culture—exemplified and led by Shanghai—could provide a force for reshaping U.S.-China engagement. Both countries should build upon the deep cultural and educational exchanges that have bound them together for decades. The author concludes that U.S. policymakers should neither underestimate the role and strength of the Chinese middle class, nor ostracize or alienate this force with policies that push it toward jingoistic nationalism to the detriment of both countries and the global community. With its unique focus, this book will enlighten policymakers, scholars, business leaders, and anyone interested in China and its increasingly fraught relations with the United States.
Book Synopsis Driving toward Modernity by : Jun Zhang
Download or read book Driving toward Modernity written by Jun Zhang and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Driving toward Modernity, Jun Zhang ethnographically explores the entanglement between the rise of the automotive regime and emergence of the middle class in South China. Focusing on the Pearl River Delta, one of the nation's wealthiest regions, Zhang shows how private cars have shaped everyday middle-class sociality, solidarity, and subjectivity, and how the automotive regime has helped make the new middle classes of the PRC. By carefully analyzing how physical and social mobility intertwines, Driving toward Modernity paints a nuanced picture of modern Chinese life, comprising the continuity and rupture as well as the structure and agency of China's great transformation.
Book Synopsis Rising Middle Classes in China by : Li Chunling
Download or read book Rising Middle Classes in China written by Li Chunling and published by Paths International Ltd. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This key new book gathers together the latest research results from renowned Chinese scholars who have comprehensively examined the formation of China's middle class. The coverage takes in key background issues, socioeconomic status and sociopolitical functions, the definition, values, social attitudes, income and consumption characteristics of China's rapidly expanding middle class.
Book Synopsis Consumption Patterns Of The Middle Class In Contemporary China by : Zhu Di
Download or read book Consumption Patterns Of The Middle Class In Contemporary China written by Zhu Di and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, set against the background of accounts of globalisation, aims to figure out the consumer orientation of the middle class in contemporary China, in particular how the new elements in consumer orientation operate in the Chinese context. It focuses on the contemporary middle class. Data used in the book are taken from national representative surveys conducted in the recent decade and also from 30 interviews with middle class people in Beijing. The book focuses on the consumption patterns from everyday consumption, taste and material culture. It highlights consumers' self-referential orientations: the pursuit of pleasure, tempered by considerations regarding comfort, is a significant form of aesthetic justification. Living within one's means i.e. keeping a balance between expenditure and income is the main moral justification. Consumers' orientations draw on a new set of elements, conceptualised in this research as "the orientation toward personal pleasure and comfort." This orientation is shaped by social conventions, traditional values and the metropolitan context. The findings challenge the stereotype of the Chinese "new rich" and the one-dimensional pictures of tendencies towards either conspicuous display or frugality. Contents: Introduction Theoretical Approaches from the Sociology of Consumption The Formation of the Contemporary Middle Class The Emergence of Consumer Culture Research Methodology Characteristics of the Middle Class and Their Consumption Patterns Homeownership of the Young Middle Class Everyday Consumption of the Middle Class Consumption and Social Conventions Taste and Material Aspiration Conclusion Readership: Policymakers, professionals, academics, undergraduate and graduate students interested in China's new rich and the consumer orientation of the middle class in contemporary China. Keywords: Consumption;Middle Class;China Study;Taste;Consumer Culture;SurveyReview: Key Features: This book employs systematic methodology and framework to analyze consumer culture of the middle class, which could generate both academic and marketing significance This book draws on a new and distinct conceptualization of the Chinese middle class as "the orientation toward personal pleasure and comfort," to be opposed to the popular depiction of their being either conspicuous or frugal The author, with her work and life experiences in both China and the UK, has conducted academic practices in multiple contexts and witnessed consumer culture of the Chinese middle class in both China and overseas; these experiences therefore empower the book with more comprehensive and penetrating insights
Book Synopsis The Chinese Lifestyle by : Alfonso Sanchez-Romera
Download or read book The Chinese Lifestyle written by Alfonso Sanchez-Romera and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research presented in this book explores the formation of the middle class in contemporary urban China. Including case studies on middle-class professionals living in Beijing, this book analyses how social and economic changes to Chinese society create a middle-class lifestyle and new forms of distinction with a particular focus on the social construction of identity. Looking through the lens of individuals’ perception of life trajectories and ideological taxonomies generated within the framework of post-Maoist China, the book uncovers the role that the Chinese middle-class play in a state-sponsored discourse and where the distinctions identifying the middle-class lifestyle produce inequality, transfer privilege, and disadvantage in contemporary urban China. It goes on to question hegemonic discourses on class, arguing that a middle-class identity is progressively constructed in urban China not only though consumption practices, but through the experience of non-individualistic activities in both the public and private spheres. Analyzing how social distinctions are performed contributes to the understanding of the Chinese middle-class pre-pandemic, as well as the continual challenges this social group shall face in the years to come. As such, this is a must read for those interested in the Chinese middle-class, Chinese politics, and gender studies.
Book Synopsis THE CHINESE DREAM: The Rise of the World's Largest Middle Class and What It Means to You by : Helen H. Wang
Download or read book THE CHINESE DREAM: The Rise of the World's Largest Middle Class and What It Means to You written by Helen H. Wang and published by Bestseller Press. This book was released on with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (2nd Edition: July 6, 2012) In The Chinese Dream, a groundbreaking book about the rising middle class in China, Forbes columnist and China expert Helen Wang challenges us to recognize that some of our fears about China are grossly misplaced. As a result of China's new capitalist paradigm, a burgeoning middle class-calculated to reach 800 million within the next fifteen years-is jumping aboard the consumerism train and riding it for all it's worth-a reality that may provide the answer to America's economic woes. And with China's increasing urbanization and top-down governmental approach, it now faces increasing energy, environmental, and health problems-problems that the U.S. can help solve. Through timely interviews, personal stories, and a historical perspective, China-born Wang takes us into the world of the Chinese entrepreneurial middle class to show how a growing global mindset and the realization of unity in diversity may ultimately provide the way to creating a saner, safer world for all.
Book Synopsis Changing State-Society Relations in Contemporary China by : Wei Shan
Download or read book Changing State-Society Relations in Contemporary China written by Wei Shan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to provide an overview of social and political changes in Chinese society since the global financial crisis. Rapid economic development has restructured the setup of society and empowered or weakened certain social players. The chapters in this book provide an updated account of a wide range of social changes, including the rise of the middle class and private entrepreneurs, the declining social status of the working class, as well as the resurgence of non-governmental organisations and the growing political mobilisation on the internet. The authors also examine the implications of those changes for state-society relations, governance, democratic prospects, and potentially for the stability of the current political regime.
Download or read book In Search of Paradise written by Li Zhang and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new revolution in homeownership and living has been sweeping the booming cities of China. This time the main actors on the social stage are not peasants, migrants, or working-class proletariats but middle-class professionals and entrepreneurs in search of a private paradise in a society now dominated by consumerism. No longer seeking happiness and fulfillment through collective sacrifice and socialist ideals, they hope to find material comfort and social distinction in newly constructed gated communities. This quest for the good life is profoundly transforming the physical and social landscapes of urban China. Li Zhang, who is from Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, turns a keen ethnographic eye on her hometown. She combines her analysis of larger political and social issues with fine-grained details about the profound spatial, cultural, and political effects of the shift in the way Chinese urban residents live their lives and think about themselves. In Search of Paradise is a deeply informed account of how the rise of private homeownership is reconfiguring urban space, class subjects, gender selfhood, and ways of life in the reform era. New, seemingly individualistic lifestyles mark a dramatic move away from yearning for a social utopia under Maoist socialism. Yet the privatization of property and urban living have engendered a simultaneous movement of public engagement among homeowners as they confront the encroaching power of the developers. This double movement of privatized living and public sphere activism, Zhang finds, is a distinctive feature of the cultural politics of the middle classes in contemporary China. Theoretically sophisticated and highly accessible, Zhang's account will appeal not only to those interested in China but also to anyone interested in spatial politics, middle-class culture, and postsocialist governing in a globalizing world.
Book Synopsis A Middle Class Without Democracy by : Jie Chen
Download or read book A Middle Class Without Democracy written by Jie Chen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What kind of role can the middle class play in potential democratization in such an undemocratic, late developing country as China? To answer this profound political as well as theoretical question, Jie Chen explores attitudinal and behavioral orientation of China's new middle class to democracy and democratization. Chen's work is based on a unique set of data collected from a probability-sample survey and in-depth interviews of residents in three major Chinese cities, Beijing, Chengdu and Xi'an--each of which represents a distinct level of economic development in urban China-in 2007 and 2008. The empirical findings derived from this data set confirm that (1) compared to other social classes, particularly lower classes, the new Chinese middle class-especially those employed in the state apparatus-tends to be more supportive of the current Party-state but less supportive of democratic values and institutions; (2) the new middle class's attitudes toward democracy may be accounted for by this class's close ideational and institutional ties with the state, and its perceived socioeconomic wellbeing, among other factors; (3) the lack of support for democracy among the middle class tends to cause this social class to act in favor of the current state but in opposition to democratic changes. The most important political implication is that while China's middle class is not likely to serve as the harbinger of democracy now, its current attitudes toward democracy may change in the future. Such a crucial shift in the middle class's orientation toward democracy can take place, especially when its dependence on the Party-state decreases and perception of its own social and economic statuses turns pessimistic. The key theoretical implication from the findings suggests that the attitudinal and behavioral orientations of the middle class-as a whole and as a part-toward democratic change in late developing countries are contingent upon its relationship with the incumbent state and its perceived social/economic wellbeing, and the middle class's support for democracy in these countries is far from inevitable.
Book Synopsis The Chinese Lifestyle by : Antonio Sánchez Romeralo
Download or read book The Chinese Lifestyle written by Antonio Sánchez Romeralo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The research presented in this book explores the formation of the middle class in contemporary urban China. Including case studies on middle-class professionals living in Beijing, this book analyses how social and economic changes to Chinese society create a middle-class lifestyle and new forms of distinction with a particular focus on the social construction of identity. Looking through the lens of individuals' perception of life trajectories and ideological taxonomies generated within the framework of post-Maoist China, the book uncovers the role that the Chinese middle-class play in a state-sponsored discourse and where the distinctions identifying the middle-class lifestyle produce inequality, transfer privilege, and disadvantage in contemporary urban China. It goes on to question hegemonic discourses on class, arguing that a middle-class identity is progressively constructed in urban China not only though consumption practices, but through the experience of non-individualistic activities in both the public and private spheres. Analyzing how social distinctions are performed contributes to the understanding of the Chinese middle-class pre-pandemic, as well as the continual challenges this social group shall face in the years to come. As such, this is a must read for those interested in the Chinese middle-class, Chinese politics, and gender studies"--
Book Synopsis The Rise of China's Middle Class and the Prospects for Democratization - Lipset's Economic Modernization Theory, ASEAN, Taiwan, Transition, Confucius Versus Realists, Industrialization, Urbanization by : U. S. Military
Download or read book The Rise of China's Middle Class and the Prospects for Democratization - Lipset's Economic Modernization Theory, ASEAN, Taiwan, Transition, Confucius Versus Realists, Industrialization, Urbanization written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-17 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Deng Xiaoping instituted economic reforms under the "reform and open" policy in 1978, the Chinese Communist Party has overseen a gradualist approach to modernizing China's economy. A new Chinese middle class has emerged with China's economic reforms and economic growth. According to Seymour Martin Lipset's modernization theory, there is a strong relationship between socioeconomic development and the emergence of democratic politics. The growth of an educated middle class, according to Lipset, will demand democratization as a means to achieve more participation in politics. This thesis assesses the validity of Lipset's argument that socioeconomic development is likely to result in a democratic transition through the growth of a liberal middle class in the case of contemporary China. This assessment assesses how closely China's middle class fits Lipset's model and whether China's middle class displays characteristics that suggest that Lipset's framework of democratization will hold true in China. Since spreading democracy around the world was reasserted as a long-range U.S. objective in the early 1990s, attention has focused on prospects for democratization in China. This thesis illuminates the political implications of China's growing middle class and argues that China's economic modernization does not guarantee democratization. This is important because the rationale for American politics of engagement with China rests in part on the assertion that economic growth over the long run may lead to China's democratization. CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * A. PURPOSE * B. CONCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * 1. Approaches to Democratization * 2. Perspectives on Classes and Democratic Behaviors * 3. Taiwan as a Case Study * 4. Opinions on U.S. Implications * 5. Overall Literature Assessment * D. METHODOLOGY * E. SOURCES * F. THESIS SYNOPSIS * CHAPTER II - REQUISITES FOR DEMOCRACY * A. INTRODUCTION * B. LIPSET'S MODEL * 1. Industrialization * 2. Urbanization * 3. Education * 4. Wealth * C. SUPPORTING AND OPPOSING ARGUMENTS * 1. Huntington's Argument: Supporting * 2. Przeworski's Argument: Opposing * 3. Pei's Argument: The Reality in China * D. QUANTIFYING THE GROWTH OF CHINA'S MIDDLE CLASS * E. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER III - CHINA'S MIDDLE CLASS IN DEMOCRATIZATION * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THE ROLE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS IN DEMOCRATIZATION * C. WHO IS CHINA'S MIDDLE CLASS * 1. Liberal versus Conservative * 2. Confucius versus Realists * D. THE PROSPECTS FOR FAILURE * E. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - TAIWAN CASE STUDY: ASIAN MIDDLE CLASS AT WORK * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THE TWO ECONOMIES: THE RISE OF TAIWAN AND CHINA * 1. The Comparison * 2. The Contrast * 3. Conclusion * C. THE TWO STATES * 1. The Taiwanese Roadmap and how the PRC is Already on It * 2. The PRC's Path to a Taiwanese Roadmap of Transition * 3. Conclusion * CHAPTER V - REPLICATING TAIWAN'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THE ROLE OF WAR * C. THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES * D. ROLE OF THE STATE * E. THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC FACTORS * F. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER VI - CONCLUSION * A. INTRODUCTION * B. PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRATIZATION * C. CONCLUSION
Book Synopsis The Making of the Chinese Middle Class by : Jean-Louis Rocca
Download or read book The Making of the Chinese Middle Class written by Jean-Louis Rocca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the making of the Chinese middle class that started in the 1990s using a constructivist approach. With the development of the Chinese economy, a new group of middle wage earners appeared. Chinese social scientists and state institutions promoted the idea that China needs a middle class to achieve modernization. Middle class members are defined—and define themselves—as good consumers, educated people, politically engaged but reasonable citizens. As such, the making of the middle class is the result of three convergent phenomena: an attempt to define the middle class, a process of civilization, and the development of protest movements. The making of the Chinese middle class, Rocca argues, is a way to end the stalemate that modern Chinese society is facing, in particular the necessity to democratize without introducing an election system.
Book Synopsis Consumption Patterns of the Middle Class in Contemporary China by : Di Zhu (Researcher)
Download or read book Consumption Patterns of the Middle Class in Contemporary China written by Di Zhu (Researcher) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Changing Landscape of China’s Consumerism by : Alison Hulme
Download or read book The Changing Landscape of China’s Consumerism written by Alison Hulme and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumerism in China has developed rapidly. The Changing Landscape of China's Consumerism looks at the growth of consumerism in China from both a socio-economic and a political/cultural angle. It examines changing trends in consumption in China as well as the impact of these trends on society, and the politics and culture surrounding them. It examines the ways in which, despite needing to "unlock" the spending power of the rural provinces, the Chinese authorities are also keen to maintain certain attitudes towards the Communist Party and socialism "with Chinese Characteristics." Overall, it aims to show that consumerism in China today is both an economic and political phenomenon and one which requires both surrounding political culture and economic trends for its continued establishment. The ways in which this dual relationship both supports and battles with itself are explored through apposite case studies including the use of New Confucianism in the market context, the commodification of Lei Feng, the new Chinese tourist as a diplomatic tool in consumption, the popularity of Shanzhai (fake product) culture, and the conspicuous consumption of China's new middle class. Provides innovative interdisciplinary research, useful to cultural studies, sociology, Chinese studies, and politics Examines changes in consumerism from multiple perspectives Allows both micro and macro insights into consumerism in China by providing specific case studies, while placing these within the context of geo-politics and grand theory
