The Relationship Between Science And The Military In The Soviet Union

Download The Relationship Between Science And The Military In The Soviet Union full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Relationship Between Science And The Military In The Soviet Union ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Competing with the Soviets

Author : Audra J. Wolfe
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421409011
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Competing with the Soviets by : Audra J. Wolfe

Download or read book Competing with the Soviets written by Audra J. Wolfe and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthetic account of how science became a central weapon in the ideological Cold War. Honorable Mention for the Forum for the History of Science in America Book Prize of the Forum for the History of Science in America For most of the second half of the twentieth century, the United States and its allies competed with a hostile Soviet Union in almost every way imaginable except open military engagement. The Cold War placed two opposite conceptions of the good society before the uncommitted world and history itself, and science figured prominently in the picture. Competing with the Soviets offers a short, accessible introduction to the special role that science and technology played in maintaining state power during the Cold War, from the atomic bomb to the Human Genome Project. The high-tech machinery of nuclear physics and the space race are at the center of this story, but Audra J. Wolfe also examines the surrogate battlefield of scientific achievement in such diverse fields as urban planning, biology, and economics; explains how defense-driven federal investments created vast laboratories and research programs; and shows how unfamiliar worries about national security and corrosive questions of loyalty crept into the supposedly objective scholarly enterprise. Based on the assumption that scientists are participants in the culture in which they live, Competing with the Soviets looks beyond the debate about whether military influence distorted science in the Cold War. Scientists’ choices and opportunities have always been shaped by the ideological assumptions, political mandates, and social mores of their times. The idea that American science ever operated in a free zone outside of politics is, Wolfe argues, itself a legacy of the ideological Cold War that held up American science, and scientists, as beacons of freedom in contrast to their peers in the Soviet Union. Arranged chronologically and thematically, the book highlights how ideas about the appropriate relationships among science, scientists, and the state changed over time.

The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev

Author : Maria Rogacheva
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107196361
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev by : Maria Rogacheva

Download or read book The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev written by Maria Rogacheva and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major new contribution to understanding the transition of Soviet society from Stalinism to a more humane model of socialism.

Stalin and the Bomb

Author : David Holloway
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300164459
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Stalin and the Bomb by : David Holloway

Download or read book Stalin and the Bomb written by David Holloway and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic and “utterly engrossing” study of Stalin’s pursuit of a nuclear bomb during the Cold War by the renowned political scientist and historian (Foreign Affairs). For forty years the U.S.-Russian nuclear arms race dominated world politics, yet the Soviet nuclear establishment was shrouded in secrecy. Then, shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union, David Holloway pulled back the Iron Curtain with his “marvelous, groundbreaking study” Stalin and the Bomb (The New Yorker). How did the Soviet Union build its atomic and hydrogen bombs? What role did espionage play? How did the American atomic monopoly affect Stalin's foreign policy? What was the relationship between Soviet nuclear scientists and the country's political leaders? David Holloway answers these questions by tracing the dramatic story of Soviet nuclear policy from developments in physics in the 1920s to the testing of the hydrogen bomb and the emergence of nuclear deterrence in the mid-1950s. This magisterial history throws light on Soviet policy at the height of the Cold War, illuminates a central element of the Stalinist system, and puts into perspective the tragic legacy of this program―environmental damage, a vast network of institutes and factories, and a huge stockpile of unwanted weapons.

Soviet Science and Engineering in the Shadow of the Cold War

Author : Hiroshi Ichikawa
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351374222
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Soviet Science and Engineering in the Shadow of the Cold War by : Hiroshi Ichikawa

Download or read book Soviet Science and Engineering in the Shadow of the Cold War written by Hiroshi Ichikawa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1950s were a vital time in the history of science. In accordance with the intensification of the Cold War, many scientific talents were mobilized to several military-related research and development projects not only in the United States, but also in the Soviet Union. Contrary to the expectation of General Leslie Groves, a leader of the Manhattan Project, the Soviet Union succeeded in their nuclear weapon development in a very short time. And then, by the end of the decade, mankind reached the dawn of the Atomic Age proper with the beginning of the operation of the world’s first civil nuclear power plant in Obninsk in 1954. The risky and costly developments of new weapons such as rockets, jet warplanes, and computers were achieved by the Soviet Union in a very short time after World War II in spite of the heavy economic damage caused by the battles with German troops in Soviet territory. Why were such a great number of scientific talents mobilized to various Soviet Cold War research and development projects? What were the true natures, and real consequences of the rushed Cold War projects? How did Soviet scientists approach the nuclear age? Thanks to the study of formerly classified Soviet archives, a more nuanced view of Soviet society has become possible. To resolve the above-mentioned questions, Ichikawa analyses the complicated interactions among various factors, including the indigenous contradictions in the historical development of science in the Soviet Union; conflicts among the related interest groups; relationships with the political leadership and the military, the role of ideology and others.

Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309090938
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy by : National Research Council

Download or read book Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-02 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is intended to provide a brief historical perspective of the evolution of the interacademy program during the past half-century, recognizing that many legacies of the Soviet era continue to influence government approaches in Moscow and Washington and to shape the attitudes of researchers toward bilateral cooperation in both countries (of special interest is the changing character of the program during the age of perestroika (restructuring) in the late 1980s in the Soviet Union); to describe in some detail the significant interacademy activities from late 1991, when the Soviet Union fragmented, to mid-2003; and to set forth lessons learned about the benefits and limitations of interacademy cooperation and to highlight approaches that have been successful in overcoming difficulties of implementation.

Science in Russia and the Soviet Union

Author : Loren R. Graham
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521287890
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (878 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Science in Russia and the Soviet Union by : Loren R. Graham

Download or read book Science in Russia and the Soviet Union written by Loren R. Graham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the 1980s the Soviet scientific establishment had become the largest in the world, but very little of its history was known in the West. What has been needed for many years in order to fill that gap in our knowledge is a history of Russian and Soviet science written for the educated person who would like to read one book on the subject. This book has been written for that reader. The history of Russian and Soviet science is a story of remarkable achievements and frustrating failures. That history is presented here in a comprehensive form, and explained in terms of its social and political context. Major sections include the tsarist period, the impact of the Russian Revolution, the relationship between science and Soviet society, and the strengths and weaknesses of individual scientific disciplines. The book also discusses the changes brought to science in Russia and other republics by the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program

Author : Milton Leitenberg
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674065263
Total Pages : 956 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Soviet Biological Weapons Program by : Milton Leitenberg

Download or read book The Soviet Biological Weapons Program written by Milton Leitenberg and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first attempt to understand the full scope of the USSR’s offensive biological weapons research, from inception in the 1920s. Gorbachev tried to end the program, but the U.S. and U.K. never obtained clear evidence that he succeeded, raising the question whether the means for waging biological warfare could be present in Russia today.

Military Strategy

Author : Vasiliĭ Danilovich Sokolovskiĭ
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Military Strategy by : Vasiliĭ Danilovich Sokolovskiĭ

Download or read book Military Strategy written by Vasiliĭ Danilovich Sokolovskiĭ and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stalin's Great Science

Author : A. B. Kozhevnikov
Publisher : Imperial College Press
ISBN 13 : 9781860944208
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (442 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Stalin's Great Science by : A. B. Kozhevnikov

Download or read book Stalin's Great Science written by A. B. Kozhevnikov and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-class science and technology developed in the Soviet Union during Stalin's dictatorial rule under conditions of political violence, lack of international contacts, and severe restrictions on the freedom of information. Stalin's Great Science: The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists is an invaluable book that investigates this paradoxical success by following the lives and work of Soviet scientists ? including Nobel Prize-winning physicists Kapitza, Landau, and others ? throughout the turmoil of wars, revolutions, and repression that characterized the first half of Russia's twentieth century.The book examines how scientists operated within the Soviet political order, communicated with Stalinist politicians, built a new system of research institutions, and conducted groundbreaking research under extraordinary circumstances. Some of their novel scientific ideas and theories reflected the influence of Soviet ideology and worldview and have since become accepted universally as fundamental concepts of contemporary science. In the process of making sense of the achievements of Soviet science, the book dismantles standard assumptions about the interaction between science, politics, and ideology, as well as many dominant stereotypes ? mostly inherited from the Cold War ? about Soviet history in general. Science and technology were not only granted unprecedented importance in Soviet society, but they also exerted a crucial formative influence on the Soviet political system itself. Unlike most previous studies, Stalin's Great Science recognizes the status of science as an essential element of the Soviet polity and explores the nature of a special relationship between experts (scientists and engineers) and communist politicians that enabled the initial rise of the Soviet state and its mature accomplishments, until the pact eroded in later years, undermining the communist regime from within.

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program and Its Legacy in Today's Russia

Author : Raymond A. Zilinskas
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781542917452
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Soviet Biological Weapons Program and Its Legacy in Today's Russia by : Raymond A. Zilinskas

Download or read book The Soviet Biological Weapons Program and Its Legacy in Today's Russia written by Raymond A. Zilinskas and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-04 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its first Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Case Study, the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (CSWMD) at the National Defense University examined President Richard M. Nixon's decision, on November 25, 1969, to terminate the U.S. offensive biological weapons program. This occasional paper seeks to explain why the Soviet government, at approximately the same time, decided to do essentially the opposite, namely, to establish a large biological warfare (BW) program that would be driven by newly discovered and powerful biotechnologies. By introducing the innovation of recombinant DNA technology - commonly referred to as genetic engineering - the Soviets were attempting to create bacterial and viral strains that were more useful for military purposes than were strains found in nature. In historical terms, the Soviet BW program had two so-called "generations," defined as distinct periods of time during which types of weapons were developed from earlier types. The first generation of the Soviet BW program commenced about 1928 and was based on naturally occurring pathogens that had caused devastating epidemics during World War I and the subsequent Russian Civil War. The second generation began approximately in 1972 when the decision was made at the highest political level to institute a research and development (R&D) system that utilized newly discovered techniques of genetic engineering to create novel or enhanced bacterial and viral strains that were better adapted for BW purposes than strains found in nature. President Boris Yeltsin ordered the cessation of the offensive BW program some months after the Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991 and in 1992 publically stated that it had conducted an offensive BW program in violation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. However, after Vladimir Putin was elected president, high-level Russian officials have lied about the Soviet BW program, stating that it was strictly a defensive program that had not broken international law. As is discussed later in this paper, elements of the Soviet offensive BW program continue in Russia and may provide the basis for a third-generation BW program supported by the current leadership. The first section of this paper describes the Soviet BW program's first generation, including its establishment, work plan and operations, and accomplishments. The second section focuses on "establishing the conditions" for the Soviet decision that was made sometime during 1969-1971 to establish and operate the second generation BW program. Conditions that are considered include the geopolitical challenges as perceived by the Soviet government, the decision making process for military acquisitions, and the inferior state of the biosciences in the Soviet Union at that time, which stimulated Soviet bioscientists to "play the military card" in order to introduce genetic engineering into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics' (USSR's) bioscience establishment. The final section has two sub-sections. The first summarizes the key factors that drove Soviet decisionmaking in the early 1970s to institute a huge offensive BW program. The second informs readers that even before Vladimir Putin was elected president for the second time, he openly stated that new weapons were to be developed using high technologies including "genetics." Based on this promise, and considering the secrecy that still keeps the military biological institutes and anti-plague institutes closed to outsiders, the paper discusses the possibility that the Putin administration may institute a third generation BW program. The appendix consists of a short biography of the Soviet general Yefim Ivanovich Smirnov who was for many years in charge of the Soviet BW program.

The Soviet Union

Author : United States. Air Force
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Soviet Union by : United States. Air Force

Download or read book The Soviet Union written by United States. Air Force and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Totalitarian Science and Technology

Author : Paul R. Josephson
Publisher : Humanity Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Totalitarian Science and Technology by : Paul R. Josephson

Download or read book Totalitarian Science and Technology written by Paul R. Josephson and published by Humanity Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No Marketing Blurb

The Imagineers of War

Author : Sharon Weinberger
Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 0385351798
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (853 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Imagineers of War by : Sharon Weinberger

Download or read book The Imagineers of War written by Sharon Weinberger and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2017 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Founded in 1958 in response to the launch of Sputnik, DARPA has been responsible for countless inventions and technologies that have evolved from the agency's mission- forward-thinking solutions to the Pentagon's challenges. Sharon Weinberger gives us a riveting account of DARPA's successes and failures, useful innovations and wild-eyed schemes- we see how the nuclear threat sparked investment in computer networking, which led to the Internet, as well as plans to power a missile-seeking particle beam by draining the Great Lakes...how, in Vietnam, DARPA developed technology for the world's first armed drones and was also responsible for Agent Orange... how DARPA's recent success with self-driving cars is counterbalanced with its disappointing contributions to the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. Weinberger has spoken to dozens of former DARPA and Pentagon officials--many of whom had never been interviewed before about their work with the agency--and synthesized countless documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act. The result is a riveting history of a meeting point of science, technology, and politics.

Innovation and the Arms Race

Author : Matthew Evangelista
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Innovation and the Arms Race by : Matthew Evangelista

Download or read book Innovation and the Arms Race written by Matthew Evangelista and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evangelista provides a new framework for analyzing U.S. and Soviet innovations in weapons technology. In America, development is generated from the bottom up with scientists providing the initial impetus. Soviet weapons innovation occurs from the top down, as soviet leaders react to external forces, particularly American initiatives. With current weapons programs such as the Strategic Defense Initiative, the author sees opportunities for arms control. The United States must recognize that technological innovation is no guarantee of security. The Soviet Union must decide not to match American innovation. ISBN 0-8014-2165-9: $32.95.

From Newspeak to Cyberspeak

Author : Slava Gerovitch
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262572255
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (722 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis From Newspeak to Cyberspeak by : Slava Gerovitch

Download or read book From Newspeak to Cyberspeak written by Slava Gerovitch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Slava Gerovitch argues that Soviet cybernetics was not just an intellectual trend but a social movement for radical reform in science and society as a whole. Followers of cybernetics viewed computer simulation as a universal method of problem solving and the language of cybernetics as a language of objectivity and truth. With this new objectivity, they challenged the existing order of things in economics and politics as well as in science. The history of Soviet cybernetics followed a curious arc. In the 1950s it was labeled a reactionary pseudoscience and a weapon of imperialist ideology. With the arrival of Khrushchev's political "thaw," however, it was seen as an innocent victim of political oppression, and it evolved into a movement for radical reform of the Stalinist system of science. In the early 1960s it was hailed as "science in the service of communism," but by the end of the decade it had turned into a shallow fashionable trend. Using extensive new archival materials, Gerovitch argues that these fluctuating attitudes reflected profound changes in scientific language and research methodology across disciplines, in power relations within the scientific community, and in the political role of scientists and engineers in Soviet society. His detailed analysis of scientific discourse shows how the Newspeak of the late Stalinist period and the Cyberspeak that challenged it eventually blended into "CyberNewspeak."

From Pugwash to Putin

Author : Gerson S Sher
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253042631
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis From Pugwash to Putin by : Gerson S Sher

Download or read book From Pugwash to Putin written by Gerson S Sher and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-17 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For 60 years, scientists from the United States and the Soviet Union participated in state-organized programs of collaboration. But what really happened in these programs? What were the hopes of the participants and governments? How did these programs weather the bumpiest years of political turbulence? And were the programs worth the millions of dollars invested in them? From Pugwash to Putin provides accounts from 63 insiders who participated in these programs, including interviews with scientists, program managers, and current or former government officials. In their own words, these participants discuss how and why they engaged in cooperative science, what their initial expectations were, and what lessons they learned. They tell stories of gravitational waves, classified chalkboards, phantom scientists, AIDS propaganda, and gunfire at meteorological stations, illustrating the tensions and benefits of this collaborative work. From the first scientific exchanges of the Cold War years through the years following the fall of the Soviet Union, Gerson S. Sher provides a sweeping and critical history of what happens when science is used as a foreign policy tool. Sher, a former manager of these cooperative programs, provides a detailed and critical assessment of what worked, what didn't, and why it matters.

Physics in a New Era

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309073421
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Physics in a New Era by : National Research Council

Download or read book Physics in a New Era written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-15 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics at the beginning of the twenty-first century has reached new levels of accomplishment and impact in a society and nation that are changing rapidly. Accomplishments have led us into the information age and fueled broad technological and economic development. The pace of discovery is quickening and stronger links with other fields such as the biological sciences are being developed. The intellectual reach has never been greater, and the questions being asked are more ambitious than ever before. Physics in a New Era is the final report of the NRC's six-volume decadal physics survey. The book reviews the frontiers of physics research, examines the role of physics in our society, and makes recommendations designed to strengthen physics and its ability to serve important needs such as national security, the economy, information technology, and education.