The Reformation of the Landscape

Download The Reformation of the Landscape PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780199654383
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (543 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Reformation of the Landscape by : Alexandra Walsham

Download or read book The Reformation of the Landscape written by Alexandra Walsham and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A richly detailed and original study of the relationship between the landscape of Britain and Ireland, and the tumultuous religious changes of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Landscape and Religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt

Download Landscape and Religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351561138
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Landscape and Religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt by : Boudewijn Bakker

Download or read book Landscape and Religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt written by Boudewijn Bakker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a corrective to the common scholarly characterization of seventeenth-century Dutch landscape painting as modern, realistic and secularized, Boudewijn Bakker here explores the long history and purpose of landscape in Netherlandish painting. In Bakker's view, early Netherlandish as well as seventeenth-century Dutch painting can be understood only in the context of the intellectual climate of the day. Concentrating on landscape painting as the careful depiction of the visible world, Bakker's analysis takes in the thought of figures seldom consulted by traditional art historians, such as the fifteenth-century philosopher Dionysius the Carthusian, the sixteenth-century religious reformer John Calvin, the geographer Abraham Ortelius and the seventeenth-century poet Constantijn Huygens. Probing their conception of nature as 'the first Book of God' and art as its representation, Bakker identifies a world view that has its roots in the traditional Christian perceptions of God and creation. Landscape and Religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt imposes a new layer of interpretation on the richly varied landscapes of the great masters. In so doing it adds a new dimension to the insights offered by modern art-historical research. Further, Bakker's explorations of early modern art and literature provide essential background for any student of European intellectual history.

Remembering the Reformation

Download Remembering the Reformation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429619928
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Remembering the Reformation by : Alexandra Walsham

Download or read book Remembering the Reformation written by Alexandra Walsham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This stimulating volume explores how the memory of the Reformation has been remembered, forgotten, contested, and reinvented between the sixteenth and twenty-first centuries. Remembering the Reformation traces how a complex, protracted, and unpredictable process came to be perceived, recorded, and commemorated as a transformative event. Exploring both local and global patterns of memory, the contributors examine the ways in which the Reformation embedded itself in the historical imagination and analyse the enduring, unstable, and divided legacies that it engendered. The book also underlines how modern scholarship is indebted to processes of memory-making initiated in the early modern period and challenges the conventional models of periodisation that the Reformation itself helped to create. This collection of essays offers an expansive examination and theoretically engaged discussion of concepts and practices of memory and Reformation. This volume is ideal for upper level undergraduates and postgraduates studying the Reformation, Early Modern Religious History, Early Modern European History, and Early Modern Literature.

The Late Medieval Landscape of North-east Scotland

Download The Late Medieval Landscape of North-east Scotland PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Windgather Press
ISBN 13 : 1914427076
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Late Medieval Landscape of North-east Scotland by : Colin Shepherd

Download or read book The Late Medieval Landscape of North-east Scotland written by Colin Shepherd and published by Windgather Press. This book was released on 2021-10-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The landscape of the north-east of Scotland ranges from wild mountains to undulating farmlands; from cosy, quaint fishing coves to long, sandy bays. This landscape witnessed the death of MacBeth, the final stand of the Comyns earls of Buchan against Robert the Bruce and the last victory, in Britain, of a catholic army at Glenlivet. But behind these momentous battles lie the quieter histories of ordinary folk farming the land - and supping their local malts. Colin Shepherd paints a picture of rural life within the landscapes of the north-east between the 13th and 18th centuries by using documentary, cartographic and archaeological evidence. He shows how the landscape was ordered by topographic and environmental constraints that resulted in great variation across the region and considers the evidence for the way late medieval lifestyles developed and blended sustainably within their environments to create a patchwork of cultural and agricultural diversity. However, these socio-economic developments subsequently led to a breakdown of this structure, resulting in what Adam Smith, in the 18th century, described as 'oppression'. The 12th-century Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation and the Industrial Revolution are used here to define a framework for considering the cultural changes that affected this region of Scotland. These include the dispossession of rights to land ownership that continue to haunt policy makers in the Scottish government today. While the story also shows how a regional cultural divergence, recognized here, can undermine 'big theories' of socio-political change when viewed across the wider stage of Europe and the Americas.

Reformation of the Senses

Download Reformation of the Senses PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252083990
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (839 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reformation of the Senses by : Jacob M. Baum

Download or read book Reformation of the Senses written by Jacob M. Baum and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We see the Protestant Reformation as the dawn of an austere, intellectual Christianity that uprooted a ritualized religion steeped in stimulating the senses--and by extension the faith--of its flock. Historians continue to use the idea as a potent framing device in presenting not just the history of Christianity but the origins of European modernity. Jacob M. Baum plumbs a wealth of primary source material from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries to offer the first systematic study of the senses within the religious landscape of the German Reformation. Concentrating on urban Protestants, Baum details the engagement of Lutheran and Calvinist thought with traditional ritual practices. His surprising discovery: Reformation-era Germans echoed and even amplified medieval sensory practices. Yet Protestant intellectuals simultaneously cultivated the idea that the senses had no place in true religion. Exploring this paradox, Baum illuminates the sensory experience of religion and daily life at a crucial historical crossroads. Provocative and rich in new research, Reformation of the Senses reevaluates one of modern Christianity's most enduring myths.

Jane Austen and the Reformation

Download Jane Austen and the Reformation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134804393
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jane Austen and the Reformation by : Roger Emerson Moore

Download or read book Jane Austen and the Reformation written by Roger Emerson Moore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jane Austen's England was littered with remnants of medieval religion. From her schooling in the gatehouse of Reading Abbey to her visits to cousins at Stoneleigh Abbey, Austen faced constant reminders of the wrenching religious upheaval that reordered the English landscape just 250 years before her birth. Drawing attention to the medieval churches and abbeys that appear frequently in her novels, Moore argues that Austen's interest in and representation of these spaces align her with a long tradition of nostalgia for the monasteries that had anchored English life for centuries until the Reformation. Converted monasteries serve as homes for the Tilneys in Northanger Abbey and Mr. Knightley in Emma, and the ruins of the 'Abbeyland' have a prominent place in Sense and Sensibility. However, these and other formerly sacred spaces are not merely picturesque backgrounds, but tangible reminders of the past whose alteration is a source of regret and disappointment. Moore uncovers a pattern of critique and commentary throughout Austen's works, but he focuses in particular on Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, and Sanditon. His juxtaposition of Austen's novels with sixteenth- and seventeenth-century texts rarely acknowledged as relevant to her fiction enlarges our understanding of Austen as a commentator on historical and religious events and places her firmly in the long national conversation about the meaning and consequences of the Reformation.

The Reformation of the Image

Download The Reformation of the Image PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226450063
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Reformation of the Image by : Joseph Leo Koerner

Download or read book The Reformation of the Image written by Joseph Leo Koerner and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2004-05-03 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With his 95 Theses, Martin Luther advanced the radical notion that all Christians could enjoy a direct, personal relationship with God—shattering years of Catholic tradition and obviating the need for intermediaries like priests and saints between the individual believer and God. The text of the Bible, the Word of God itself, Luther argued, revealed the only true path to salvation—not priestly ritual and saintly iconography. But if words—not iconic images—showed the way to salvation, why didn't religious imagery during the Reformation disappear along with indulgences? The answer, according to Joseph Leo Koerner, lies in the paradoxical nature of Protestant religious imagery itself, which is at once both iconic and iconoclastic. Koerner masterfully demonstrates this point not only with a multitude of Lutheran images, many never before published, but also with a close reading of a single pivotal work—Lucas Cranach the Elder's altarpiece for the City Church in Wittenberg (Luther's parish). As Koerner shows, Cranach, breaking all the conventions of traditional Catholic iconography, created an entirely new aesthetic for the new Protestant ethos. In the Crucifixion scene of the altarpiece, for instance, Christ is alone and stripped of all his usual attendants—no Virgin Mary, no John the Baptist, no Mary Magdalene—with nothing separating him from Luther (preaching the Word) and his parishioners. And while the Holy Spirit is nowhere to be seen—representation of the divine being impossible—it is nonetheless dramatically present as the force animating Christ's drapery. According to Koerner, it is this "iconoclash" that animates the best Reformation art. Insightful and breathtakingly original, The Reformation of the Image compellingly shows how visual art became indispensable to a religious movement built on words.

Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain

Download Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1472432533
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (724 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain by : Professor Alexandra Walsham

Download or read book Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain written by Professor Alexandra Walsham and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The survival and revival of Roman Catholicism in post-Reformation Britain remains the subject of lively debate. This volume examines key aspects of the evolution and experience of the Catholic communities of these Protestant kingdoms during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Rejecting an earlier preoccupation with recusants and martyrs, it highlights the importance of those who exhibited varying degrees of conformity with the ecclesiastical establishment and explores the moral and political dilemmas that confronted the clergy and laity. It reassesses the significance of the Counter Reformation mission as an evangelical enterprise; analyses its communication strategies and its impact on popular piety; and illuminates how Catholic ritual life creatively adapted itself to a climate of repression. Reacting sharply against the insularity of many previous accounts, this book investigates developments in the British Isles in relation to wider international initiatives for the renewal of the Catholic faith in Europe and for its plantation overseas. It emphasises the reciprocal interaction between Catholicism and anti-Catholicism throughout the period and casts fresh light on the nature of interconfessional relations in a pluralistic society. It argues that persecution and suffering paradoxically both constrained and facilitated the resurgence of the Church of Rome. They presented challenges and fostered internal frictions, but they also catalysed the process of religious identity formation and imbued English, Welsh and Scottish Catholicism with peculiar dynamism. Prefaced by an extensive new historiographical overview, this collection brings together a selection of Alexandra Walsham's essays written over the last fifteen years, fully revised and updated to reflect recent research in this flourishing field. Collectively these make a major contribution to our understanding of minority Catholicism and the Counter Reformation in the era after the Council of Trent.

Contesting the Reformation

Download Contesting the Reformation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405113235
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contesting the Reformation by : C. Scott Dixon

Download or read book Contesting the Reformation written by C. Scott Dixon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contesting the Reformation provides a comprehensive survey of the most influential works in the field of Reformation studies from a comparative, cross-national, interdisciplinary perspective. Represents the only English-language single-authored synthetic study of Reformation historiography Addresses both the English and the Continental debates on Reformation history Provides a thematic approach which takes in the main trends in modern Reformation history Draws on the most recent publications relating to Reformation studies Considers the social, political, cultural, and intellectual implications of the Reformation and the associated literature

Heresy, Culture, and Religion in Early Modern Italy

Download Heresy, Culture, and Religion in Early Modern Italy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271090790
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Heresy, Culture, and Religion in Early Modern Italy by : Ronald K. Delph

Download or read book Heresy, Culture, and Religion in Early Modern Italy written by Ronald K. Delph and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2006-08-25 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars from Italy and the United States offer a fresh and nuanced image of the religious reform movements on the Italian peninsula in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. United in their conviction that religious ideas can only be fully understood in relation to the particular social, cultural, and political contexts in which they develop, these scholars explore a wide range of protagonists from popes, bishops, and inquisitors to humanists and merchants, to artists, jewelers, and nuns. What emerges is a story of negotiations, mediations, compromises, and of shifting boundaries between heresy and orthodoxy. This book is essential reading for all students of the history of Christianity in early modern Europe.

Layered Landscapes

Download Layered Landscapes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317107209
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Layered Landscapes by : Eric Nelson

Download or read book Layered Landscapes written by Eric Nelson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the conceptualization and construction of sacred space in a wide variety of faith traditions: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and the religions of Japan. It deploys the notion of "layered landscapes" in order to trace the accretions of praxis and belief, the tensions between old and new devotional patterns, and the imposition of new religious ideas and behaviors on pre-existing religious landscapes in a series of carefully chosen locales: Cuzco, Edo, Geneva, Granada, Herat, Istanbul, Jerusalem, Kanchipuram, Paris, Philadelphia, Prague, and Rome. Some chapters hone in on the process of imposing novel religious beliefs, while others focus on how vestiges of displaced faiths endured. The intersection of sacred landscapes with political power, the world of ritual, and the expression of broader cultural and social identity are also examined. Crucially, the volume reveals that the creation of sacred space frequently involved more than religious buildings and was a work of historical imagination and textual expression. While a book of contrasts as much as comparisons, the volume demonstrates that vital questions about the location of the sacred and its reification in the landscape were posed by religious believers across the early-modern world.

Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain

Download Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317169247
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain by : Alexandra Walsham

Download or read book Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain written by Alexandra Walsham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The survival and revival of Roman Catholicism in post-Reformation Britain remains the subject of lively debate. This volume examines key aspects of the evolution and experience of the Catholic communities of these Protestant kingdoms during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Rejecting an earlier preoccupation with recusants and martyrs, it highlights the importance of those who exhibited varying degrees of conformity with the ecclesiastical establishment and explores the moral and political dilemmas that confronted the clergy and laity. It reassesses the significance of the Counter Reformation mission as an evangelical enterprise; analyses its communication strategies and its impact on popular piety; and illuminates how Catholic ritual life creatively adapted itself to a climate of repression. Reacting sharply against the insularity of many previous accounts, this book investigates developments in the British Isles in relation to wider international initiatives for the renewal of the Catholic faith in Europe and for its plantation overseas. It emphasises the reciprocal interaction between Catholicism and anti-Catholicism throughout the period and casts fresh light on the nature of interconfessional relations in a pluralistic society. It argues that persecution and suffering paradoxically both constrained and facilitated the resurgence of the Church of Rome. They presented challenges and fostered internal frictions, but they also catalysed the process of religious identity formation and imbued English, Welsh and Scottish Catholicism with peculiar dynamism. Prefaced by an extensive new historiographical overview, this collection brings together a selection of Alexandra Walsham's essays written over the last fifteen years, fully revised and updated to reflect recent research in this flourishing field. Collectively these make a major contribution to our understanding of minority Catholicism and the Counter Reformation in the era after the Council of Trent.

"Landscape Imagery, Politics, and Identity in a Divided Germany, 1968?989 "

Download

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351561006
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis "Landscape Imagery, Politics, and Identity in a Divided Germany, 1968?989 " by : Catherine Wilkins

Download or read book "Landscape Imagery, Politics, and Identity in a Divided Germany, 1968?989 " written by Catherine Wilkins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscape Imagery, Politics and Identity in a Divided Germany, 1968-1989 explores the communicative relationship between German landscape painting and the viewing public that developed in the wake of the student revolutions of the late 1960s. The book demonstrates that, contrary to some historical thinking, more similarities than differences characterized the sociopolitical concerns of East and West Germans during the late Cold War Era, and that it was these shared issues that were reflected in the revival of the Romantic painting genre. Catherine Wilkins focuses on recovering the agency of the individual artist and in revising historiography with sensitivity to narration 'from below.' Interdisciplinary in nature, art historians can benefit from the study's analysis of images and artists not widely known outside of Germany. Additionally, the consolidation of statistics and data regarding German postwar cultural policy are relevant for political and cultural historians. The author contributes to the ongoing multidisciplinary debates regarding Histoire Crois?(in arguing that a clear dichotomy between East Germany and West Germany did not exist but rather that the residents of both nations shared a concern over some of the same issues of the period) and memory studies (by using images as primary historical sources, able to be employed in the recovery of potentially 'subversive' memory and identity). Issues related to gender relations, environmentalism, and spiritual belief are addressed by Wilkins, with appeal for scholars working with those particular themes. Poststructuralist and literary theorists as well can find arguments supporting an alternative means of writing history through artworks and private memories.

Scotland's Long Reformation

Download Scotland's Long Reformation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004323945
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scotland's Long Reformation by : John McCallum

Download or read book Scotland's Long Reformation written by John McCallum and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of essays offers new perspectives on the longer-term context and development of the Scottish Reformation, emphasising changes and continuities in religious life in early modern Scotland, and synthesising the fruits of the latest research in the field.

Exploring Earthiness

Download Exploring Earthiness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1621897575
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exploring Earthiness by : Anne Primavesi

Download or read book Exploring Earthiness written by Anne Primavesi and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If we see ourselves as Earth rather than Earth as existing for us our perspective is transformed. A variety of religious, philosophical, cultural, and political self-perceptions that dominate our sense of human identity are deeply challenged by this shift in perspective. John Locke's doctrine of Earth as human "property" has been central to current presuppositions about our selves: justified on the grounds of our possessing unique, divinely bestowed, rational abilities. But today, the effects of that doctrine on Earth's resource base and on its other-than-human creatures directly challenge such assumptions. At the same time contemporary scientific findings about the evolution of earthly life demonstrate that while we belong to Earth and nowhere else, Earth does not belong to us. Exploring this role reversal raises fundamental questions about current theological, philosophical, scientific, and economic presuppositions that underpin the "business as usual" viewpoint and human-centered aims of contemporary policies and lifestyles. It takes us beyond hierarchical Christian and philosophical doctrines toward a deeper, Earth-focused and peace-based understanding of what it means to be human today.

Christian Pilgrimage, Landscape and Heritage

Download Christian Pilgrimage, Landscape and Heritage PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135013128
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Christian Pilgrimage, Landscape and Heritage by : Avril Maddrell

Download or read book Christian Pilgrimage, Landscape and Heritage written by Avril Maddrell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a theoretically and empirically-grounded study of the significance of landscape in the experience of Christian pilgrimage across different denominations and its intersection with cultural heritage and tourism. The book focuses on pilgrimages to Meteora (Greece), Subiaco (Italy) and the Isle of Man. These are each sites of scenic beauty that boast a rich heritage associated respectively to Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Ecumenical/ Protestant denominations. The study discusses different Christian theologies, practices and perspectives on the nature and the purpose of pilgrimage in these traditions. It draws on participant experiential accounts, archival research, and interviews with clergy, laity and local stakeholders. Special attention is paid to the themes of sacred space and practice, aesthetics, mobilities, embodiment and performance, emotional geographies, theology, cultural heritage, consumption and commodification, and the pilgrim-tourist continuum.

Anti-Catholicism in Britain and Ireland, 1600–2000

Download Anti-Catholicism in Britain and Ireland, 1600–2000 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030428826
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anti-Catholicism in Britain and Ireland, 1600–2000 by : Claire Gheeraert-Graffeuille

Download or read book Anti-Catholicism in Britain and Ireland, 1600–2000 written by Claire Gheeraert-Graffeuille and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection brings together varying angles and approaches to tackle the multi-dimensional issue of anti-Catholicism since the Protestant Reformation in Britain and Ireland. It is of course difficult to infer from such geographically and historically diverse studies one single contention, but what the book as a whole suggests is that there can be no teleological narration of anti-Catholicism – its manifestations were episodic, more or less rooted in common worldviews, and its history does not end today.