The Reformation Of American Quakerism 1748 1783

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The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783

Author : Jack D. Marietta
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 9780812219890
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783 by : Jack D. Marietta

Download or read book The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783 written by Jack D. Marietta and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2007-08-28 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783 offers a detailed history of the withdrawal of the Society of Friends from mainstream America in the years between 1748 and the end of the American Revolution. Jack D. Marietta examines the causes, course, and consequences, both social and political, of the Quakers' retreat from prominent positions in civil government while at the same time developing a more distinctive and "purified" religious community. These changes amounted to a watershed in the greater history of the Society of Friends, a turning away from its engagement with the world on behalf of a Whig political philosophy and toward a role as critic and gadfly on the periphery of political society. Less conspicuously but perhaps more dramatically, the internal transformation of the Society through the strengthening of the members' commitment to a host of Quaker sectarian values—among them exogamy, "guarded" childrearing, sexual continence, honesty, simplicity, humility, and asceticism—was enforced by the reformers' stern determination that members would either conform to these mores or face expulsion from the Society. These changes resulted in the revitalization of the society and made possible the Quakers' campaign against slavery, thus distinguishing them as the first group of people in history to espouse abolition. Marietta draws on a wealth of data: over 10,000 disciplinary cases in the Society's records dating from 1682. The author's description and evaluation of the role, status, and treatment of women in the Society is sympathetic, and what emerges from his interpretation is a sensitive portrayal not only of withdrawal but of the substitution of a vision different from the one that inspired the Holy Experiment.

Our Savage Neighbours

Author : Peter Silver
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780393062489
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Our Savage Neighbours by : Peter Silver

Download or read book Our Savage Neighbours written by Peter Silver and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2008 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With remarkable literary skill, Peter Silver ... provokes hard thinking about the basic themes of our history." -- Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy Relying on meticulous original archival research, historian Peter Silver uncovers a fearful and vibrant early America in which Lutherans and Presbyterians, Quakers, Catholics and Covenanters, Irish, German, French, and Welsh all sought to lay claim to a daunting countryside. Such groups had rarely intermingled in Europe, and the divisions between them only grew -- until, with the arrival of the Seven Years' War, thousands of country people were forced to flee from Indian attack. Silver reveals in vivid and often chilling detail how easily a rhetoric of fear can incite entire populations to violence. He shows how it was only through the shared experience of fearing and hating Indians that these Europeans, once irreconcilable, were finally united under the ideal of religious and ethnic tolerance that has since defined the best in American life.

The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783

Author : Jack D. Marietta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783 by : Jack D. Marietta

Download or read book The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783 written by Jack D. Marietta and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783 offers a detailed history of the withdrawal of the Society of Friends from mainstream America in the years between 1748 and the end of the American Revolution. Jack D. Marietta examines the causes, course, and consequences, both social and political, of the Quakers' retreat from prominent positions in civil government while at the same time developing a more distinctive and "purified" religious community. These changes amounted to a watershed in the greater history of the Society of Friends, a turning away from its engagement with the world on behalf of a Whig political philosophy and toward a role as critic and gadfly on the periphery of political society. Less conspicuously but perhaps more dramatically, the internal transformation of the Society through the strengthening of the members' commitment to a host of Quaker sectarian values--among them exogamy, "guarded" childrearing, sexual continence, honesty, simplicity, humility, and asceticism--was enforced by the reformers' stern determination that members would either conform to these mores or face expulsion from the Society. These changes resulted in the revitalization of the society and made possible the Quakers' campaign against slavery, thus distinguishing them as the first group of people in history to espouse abolition. Marietta draws on a wealth of data: over 10,000 disciplinary cases in the Society's records dating from 1682. The author's description and evaluation of the role, status, and treatment of women in the Society is sympathetic, and what emerges from his interpretation is a sensitive portrayal not only of withdrawal but of the substitution of a vision different from the one that inspired the Holy Experiment.

Quakers and the American Family

Author : Barry Levy
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195049764
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Quakers and the American Family by : Barry Levy

Download or read book Quakers and the American Family written by Barry Levy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brilliant study shows the pivotal role the Quakers played in the origins and development of America's family ideology. Levy argues that the Quakers brought a new vision of family and social life to America--one that contrasted sharply with the harsh, formal world of the New England Puritans. The Quakers stressed affection, friendship and hospitality, the importance of women in the home, and the value of self-disciplined, non-coercive childrearing. This book explains how and why the Quakers have had such a profound cultural impact on America and what the Quakers' experience with their own radical family system tells us about American families.

The Quakers in America

Author : Thomas D. Hamm
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231123639
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis The Quakers in America by : Thomas D. Hamm

Download or read book The Quakers in America written by Thomas D. Hamm and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Quakers in America is a multifaceted history of the Religious Society of Friends and a fascinating study of its culture and controversies today. Lively vignettes of Conservative, Evangelical, Friends General Conference, and Friends United meetings illuminate basic Quaker theology and reflect the group's diversity while also highlighting the fundamental unity within the religion. Quaker culture encompasses a rich tradition of practice even as believers continue to debate whether Quakerism is necessarily Christian, where religious authority should reside, how one transmits faith to children, and how gender and sexuality shape religious belief and behavior. Praised for its rich insight and wide-ranging perspective, The Quakers in America is a penetrating account of an influential, vibrant, and often misunderstood religious sect. Known best for their long-standing commitment to social activism, pacifism, fair treatment for Native Americans, and equality for women, the Quakers have influenced American thought and society far out of proportion to their relatively small numbers. Whether in the foreign policy arena (the American Friends Service Committee), in education (the Friends schools), or in the arts (prominent Quakers profiled in this book include James Turrell, Bonnie Raitt, and James Michener), Quakers have left a lasting imprint on American life. This multifaceted book is a concise history of the Religious Society of Friends; an introduction to its beliefs and practices; and a vivid picture of the culture and controversies of the Friends today. The book opens with lively vignettes of Conservative, Evangelical, Friends General Conference, and Friends United meetings that illuminate basic Quaker concepts and theology and reflect the group's diversity in the wake of the sectarian splintering of the nineteenth century. Yet the book also examines commonalities among American Friends that demonstrate a fundamental unity within the religion: their commitments to worship, the ministry of all believers, decision making based on seeking spiritual consensus rather than voting, a simple lifestyle, and education. Thomas Hamm shows that Quaker culture encompasses a rich tradition of practice even as believers continue to debate a number of central questions: Is Quakerism necessarily Christian? Where should religious authority reside? Is the self sacred? How does one transmit faith to children? How do gender and sexuality shape religious belief and behavior? Hamm's analysis of these debates reveals a vital religion that prizes both unity and diversity.

From Independence to the U.S. Constitution

Author : Douglas Bradburn
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 081394743X
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis From Independence to the U.S. Constitution by : Douglas Bradburn

Download or read book From Independence to the U.S. Constitution written by Douglas Bradburn and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "Critical Period" of American history—the years between the end of the American Revolution in 1783 and the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1789—was either the best of times or the worst of times. While some historians have celebrated the achievement of the Constitutional Convention, which, according to them, saved the Revolution, others have bemoaned that the Constitution’s framers destroyed the liberating tendencies of the Revolution, betrayed debtors, made a bargain with slavery, and handed the country over to the wealthy. This era—what John Fiske introduced in 1880 as America’s "Critical Period"—has rarely been separated from the U.S. Constitution and is therefore long overdue for a reevaluation on its own terms. How did the pre-Constitution, postindependence United States work? What were the possibilities, the tremendous opportunities for "future welfare or misery for mankind," in Fiske’s words, that were up for grabs in those years? The scholars in this volume pursue these questions in earnest, highlighting how the pivotal decade of the 1780s was critical or not, and for whom, in the newly independent United States. As the United States is experiencing another, ongoing crisis of governance, reexamining the various ways in which elites and common Americans alike imagined and constructed their new nation offers fresh insights into matters—from national identity and the place of slavery in a republic, to international commerce, to the very meaning of democracy—whose legacies reverberated through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and into the present day. Contributors:Kevin Butterfield, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington at Mount Vernon * Hannah Farber, Columbia University * Johann N. Neem, Western Washington University * Dael A. Norwood, University of Delaware * Susan Gaunt Stearns, University of Mississippi * Nicholas P. Wood, Spring Hill College

The Transformation of American Quakerism

Author : Thomas D. Hamm
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780253360045
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Transformation of American Quakerism by : Thomas D. Hamm

Download or read book The Transformation of American Quakerism written by Thomas D. Hamm and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hamm has simply produced the best book on Quaker history in recent years." -- Quaker History ..". will stand as one of the most important works in the field." -- American Historical Review

Quakerism, Its Legacy, and Its Relevance for Gandhian Research

Author : Satish Sharma
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527505073
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Quakerism, Its Legacy, and Its Relevance for Gandhian Research by : Satish Sharma

Download or read book Quakerism, Its Legacy, and Its Relevance for Gandhian Research written by Satish Sharma and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This elaborate book explores Quakerism, its legacy, and its relevance for Gandhian research. The topics covered here include the historical circumstances, conditions, and thought that led to the birth of Quakerism; the seeds and history of the movement; the themes, principles, and practices of the sect; and the aid, change, reform, and conciliation efforts Quakers made to make people, communities, and nations more tolerant, problem-free, and united. As such, the book will appeal to scholars, planners, policy-makers, and practitioners concerned with the boundaries of liberties, freedoms, pacifism, peace, and justice across people, communities, and nations.

Warner Mifflin

Author : Gary B. Nash
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 081229436X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Warner Mifflin by : Gary B. Nash

Download or read book Warner Mifflin written by Gary B. Nash and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warner Mifflin—energetic, uncompromising, and reviled—was the key figure connecting the abolitionist movements before and after the American Revolution. A descendant of one of the pioneering families of William Penn's "Holy Experiment," Mifflin upheld the Quaker pacifist doctrine, carrying the peace testimony to Generals Howe and Washington across the blood-soaked Germantown battlefield and traveling several thousand miles by horse up and down the Atlantic seaboard to stiffen the spines of the beleaguered Quakers, harried and exiled for their neutrality during the war for independence. Mifflin was also a pioneer of slave reparations, championing the radical idea that after their liberation, Africans in America were entitled to cash payments and land or shared crop arrangements. Preaching "restitution," Mifflin led the way in making Kent County, Delaware, a center of reparationist doctrine. After the war, Mifflin became the premier legislative lobbyist of his generation, introducing methods of reaching state and national legislators to promote antislavery action. Detesting his repeated exercise of the right of petition and hating his argument that an all-seeing and affronted God would punish Americans for "national sins," many Southerners believed Mifflin was the most dangerous man in America—"a meddling fanatic" who stirred the embers of sectionalism after the ratification of the Constitution of 1787. Yet he inspired those who believed that the United States had betrayed its founding principles of natural and inalienable rights by allowing the cancer of slavery and the dispossession of Indian lands to continue in the 1790s. Writing in beautiful prose and marshaling fascinating evidence, Gary B. Nash constructs a convincing case that Mifflin belongs in the Quaker antislavery pantheon with William Southeby, Benjamin Lay, John Woolman, and Anthony Benezet.

Quakerism in the Atlantic World, 1690–1830

Author : Robynne Rogers Healey
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271089652
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Quakerism in the Atlantic World, 1690–1830 by : Robynne Rogers Healey

Download or read book Quakerism in the Atlantic World, 1690–1830 written by Robynne Rogers Healey and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third installment in the New History of Quakerism series is a comprehensive assessment of transatlantic Quakerism across the long eighteenth century, a period during which Quakers became increasingly sectarian even as they expanded their engagement with politics, trade, industry, and science. The contributors to this volume interrogate and deconstruct this paradox, complicating traditional interpretations of what has been termed “Quietist Quakerism.” Examining the period following the Toleration Act in England of 1689 through the Hicksite-Orthodox Separation in North America, this work situates Quakers in the eighteenth-century British Atlantic world. Three thematic sections—exploring unique Quaker testimonies and practices; tensions between Quakerism in community and Quakerism in the world; and expressions of Quakerism around the Atlantic world—broaden geographic understandings of the Quaker Atlantic experience to determine how local events shaped expressions of Quakerism. The authors challenge oversimplified interpretations of Quaker practices and reveal a complex Quaker world, one in which prescription and practice were more often negotiated than dictated, even after the mid-eighteenth-century “reformation” and tightening of the Discipline on both sides of the Atlantic. Accessible and well-researched, Quakerism in the Atlantic World, 1690-1830, provides fresh insights and raises new questions about an understudied period of Quaker history. In addition to the editor, the contributors to this volume include Richard C. Allen, Erin Bell, Erica Canela, Elizabeth Cazden, Andrew Fincham, Sydney Harker, Rosalind Johnson, Emma Lapsansky-Werner, Jon Mitchell, and Geoffrey Plank.

Encounters of the Spirit

Author : Richard W. Pointer
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253116899
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (531 download)

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Book Synopsis Encounters of the Spirit by : Richard W. Pointer

Download or read book Encounters of the Spirit written by Richard W. Pointer and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-28 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have long been aware that the encounter with Europeans affected all aspects of Native American life. But were Indians the only ones changed by these cross-cultural meetings? Might the newcomers' ways, including their religious beliefs and practices, have also been altered amid their myriad contacts with native peoples? In Encounters of the Spirit, Richard W. Pointer takes up these intriguing questions in an innovative study of the religious encounter between Indians and Euro-Americans in early America. Exploring a series of episodes across the three centuries of the colonial era and stretching from New Spain to New France and the English settlements, he finds that the flow of cultural influence was more often reciprocal than unidirectional.

"Rememb'ring Our Time and Work is the Lords"

Author : Karen Guenther
Publisher : Susquehanna University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781575910932
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis "Rememb'ring Our Time and Work is the Lords" by : Karen Guenther

Download or read book "Rememb'ring Our Time and Work is the Lords" written by Karen Guenther and published by Susquehanna University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pennsylvania's role in the development of American culture and society has received an increasing amount of attention in the past two decades, as the tercentenary celebrations of the founding of the province led to a reexamination of the colony and state's contributions to the ethnic and religious diversity of modern America. With increasing pluralism, however, the religious group that was most prominent in the establishment of the province - the Society of Friends, or Quakers - declined in its impact and importance.

Polemical Pain

Author : Margaret Abruzzo
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421401274
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Polemical Pain by : Margaret Abruzzo

Download or read book Polemical Pain written by Margaret Abruzzo and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2008 and 2009, the United States Congress apologized for the “fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery.” Today no one denies the cruelty of slavery, but few issues inspired more controversy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Abolitionists denounced the inhumanity of slavery, while proslavery activists proclaimed it both just and humane. Margaret Abruzzo delves deeply into the slavery debate to better understand the nature and development of humanitarianism and how the slavery issue helped shape modern concepts of human responsibility for the suffering of others. Abruzzo first traces the slow, indirect growth in the eighteenth century of moral objections to slavery's cruelty, which took root in awareness of the moral danger of inflicting unnecessary pain. Rather than accept pain as inescapable, as had earlier generations, people fought to ease, discredit, and abolish it. Within a century, this new humanitarian sensibility had made immoral the wanton infliction of pain. Abruzzo next examines how this modern understanding of humanity and pain played out in the slavery debate. Drawing on shared moral-philosophical concepts, particularly sympathy and benevolence, pro- and antislavery writers voiced starkly opposing views of humaneness. Both sides constructed their moral identities by demonstrating their own humanity and criticizing the other’s insensitivity. Understanding this contest over the meaning of humanity—and its ability to serve varied, even contradictory purposes—illuminates the role of pain in morality. Polemical Pain shows how the debate over slavery’s cruelty played a large, unrecognized role in shaping moral categories that remain pertinent today.

Quakers and Abolition

Author : Brycchan Carey
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252096126
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Quakers and Abolition by : Brycchan Carey

Download or read book Quakers and Abolition written by Brycchan Carey and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of fifteen insightful essays examines the complexity and diversity of Quaker antislavery attitudes across three centuries, from 1658 to 1890. Contributors from a range of disciplines, nations, and faith backgrounds show Quaker's beliefs to be far from monolithic. They often disagreed with one another and the larger antislavery movement about the morality of slaveholding and the best approach to abolition. Not surprisingly, contributors explain, this complicated and evolving antislavery sensibility left behind an equally complicated legacy. While Quaker antislavery was a powerful contemporary influence in both the United States and Europe, present-day scholars pay little substantive attention to the subject. This volume faithfully seeks to correct that oversight, offering accessible yet provocative new insights on a key chapter of religious, political, and cultural history. Contributors include Dee E. Andrews, Kristen Block, Brycchan Carey, Christopher Densmore, Andrew Diemer, J. William Frost, Thomas D. Hamm, Nancy A. Hewitt, Maurice Jackson, Anna Vaughan Kett, Emma Jones Lapsansky-Werner, Gary B. Nash, Geoffrey Plank, Ellen M. Ross, Marie-Jeanne Rossignol, James Emmett Ryan, and James Walvin.

Quakers and Their Allies in the Abolitionist Cause, 1754-1808

Author : Maurice Jackson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317272781
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Quakers and Their Allies in the Abolitionist Cause, 1754-1808 by : Maurice Jackson

Download or read book Quakers and Their Allies in the Abolitionist Cause, 1754-1808 written by Maurice Jackson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the significant connections between the Quaker community and the abolitionist cause in America. The case studies that make up the collection mainly focus on the greater Philadelphia area, a hotbed of the abolitionist movement and the location of the first American abolition society founded in 1775. Despite the importance of Quakers to the abolitionist movement, their significance has been largely overlooked in the existing historiography. These studies will be of interest to scholars of slavery and abolition, religious history, Atlantic studies and American social and political history.

Strangers and Pilgrims

Author : Catherine A. Brekus
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807866547
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Strangers and Pilgrims by : Catherine A. Brekus

Download or read book Strangers and Pilgrims written by Catherine A. Brekus and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Margaret Meuse Clay, who barely escaped a public whipping in the 1760s for preaching without a license; "Old Elizabeth," an ex-slave who courageously traveled to the South to preach against slavery in the early nineteenth century; Harriet Livermore, who spoke in front of Congress four times between 1827 and 1844--these are just a few of the extraordinary women profiled in this, the first comprehensive history of female preaching in early America. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Catherine Brekus examines the lives of more than a hundred female preachers--both white and African American--who crisscrossed the country between 1740 and 1845. Outspoken, visionary, and sometimes contentious, these women stepped into the pulpit long before twentieth-century battles over female ordination began. They were charismatic, popular preachers, who spoke to hundreds and even thousands of people at camp and revival meetings, and yet with but a few notable exceptions--such as Sojourner Truth--these women have essentially vanished from our history. Recovering their stories, Brekus shows, forces us to rethink many of our common assumptions about eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American culture.

Writings of Warner Mifflin

Author : Warner Mifflin
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1644531860
Total Pages : 613 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Writings of Warner Mifflin by : Warner Mifflin

Download or read book Writings of Warner Mifflin written by Warner Mifflin and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Writings of Warner Mifflin: Forgotten Quaker Abolitionist of the Revolutionary Era Gary B. Nash and Michael R. McDowell present the correspondence, petitions and memorials to state and federal legislative bodies, semi-autobiographical essays, and other materials of the key figure in the U.S. abolitionist movement between the end of the American Revolution and the Jefferson presidency. Virtually unknown to Americans—schoolbooks ignore him, academic historians barely nod at him; the public knows him not at all--Mifflin has been brought to life in Gary B. Nash’s recent biography, Warner Mifflin: Unflinching Quaker Abolitionist (2017). This volume provides an array of insights into the mind of a conscience-bound pacifist Quaker who became instrumental in making Kent County, Delaware a bastion of free blacks liberated from slavery and a seedbed of a reparationist doctrine that insisted that enslavers owed “restitution” to manumitted Africans and their descendants. Mifflin's writings also show how he became the most skilled lobbyist of the antislavery campaigners who haunted the legislative chambers of North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania as well as the halls of the Continental Congress and the First and Second Federal Congresses. An opening introduction and introductions to each of the five chronologically arranged parts of the book provide context for the documents and a narrative of the life of this remarkable American.