The Real Estate Market In The Roman World

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The Real Estate Market in the Roman World

Author : Marta García Morcillo
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000845540
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Real Estate Market in the Roman World by : Marta García Morcillo

Download or read book The Real Estate Market in the Roman World written by Marta García Morcillo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-22 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As it is today, the property market was a key and dynamic economic sector in Ancient Rome. Its study demands a deep understanding of Roman society, of the normative frameworks and the notions of wealth, value, identity and status that shaped individual and collective mentalities. This book takes a multisided insight into real estate as the subject of short- and long-term economic investments, of speculative businesses ventures, of power abuses and inequalities, of social aspirations, but also of essential housing needs. The volume discusses thoroughly relevant and new literary, legal, epigraphic, papyrological and archaeological evidence, and incorporates comparative historical perspectives and methodologies, including economic theory and current, critical sociological debates about the functioning of modern real estate markets and issues linked to its commodification and regulation. In pursuing this line of enquiry, the contributions that make up the book investigate the impact of ideas such as profit, risk, security and trust in transfers, management and use of residential houses, commercial buildings and productive estates in urban and rural contexts. The work further evaluates the legal responses to and the public enforcement strategies concerning such activities, the high mobility of fortunes and unstable property-rights that resulted from one-off but also structural, political, financial, economic and institutional crises that marked the history of the Roman Republic and Principate. This book aims to demonstrate the relevance of the study of pre-modern real estate markets today, and will be of significant interest to readers of economic history as well as Roman law, Roman archaeology, the history of urbanism and social history.

Understanding Integration in the Roman World

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004545638
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Integration in the Roman World by :

Download or read book Understanding Integration in the Roman World written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integration is a buzzword in the 21st century. However, academics still do not agree on its meaning and, above all, on its consequences. This book offers numerous examples showing that the inhabitants of the Roman Mediterranean were “integrated”, i.e. were aware of the existence of a common framework of coexistence, without this necessarily resulting in a process of cultural convergence. For instance, the Spanish poet Martial explicitly refused to be considered the brother of the Greek Charmenion (10.65): paradoxically, while reaffirming their differences, his satirical epigram confirms the existence of a common frame of reference that encompassed them both. Understanding integration in the Roman world requires paying attention to the complex and varied responses to diversity in Roman times.

The Financial Markets of Roman Egypt

Author : Paul V. Kelly
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1837647186
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis The Financial Markets of Roman Egypt by : Paul V. Kelly

Download or read book The Financial Markets of Roman Egypt written by Paul V. Kelly and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-03 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Financial Markets of Roman Egypt analyses some 4,367 financial transactions, leases, sales and loans, recorded on papyri in Roman Egypt in the period AD 1 to 350. The analysis of this remarkable body of information, the ancient equivalent of modern-day ‘Big Data’, helps us understand how ordinary people thought about some of the most important decisions they would make in their life: buying a house, lending their savings or renting land. Using innovative theories and techniques inspired by classics, mathematics and the financial markets, it brings out the differences and similarities of behaviours with modern and historical comparators. The book looks at risk and return for both asset holders - the landlords and lenders - and those dependent on the use of those assets - the tenants and borrowers. In particular it quantifies the risks facing families, including climate variability. Issues such as wealth concentration, social mobility and the role of the aged and women in the financial markets are addressed. The analysis presented expands our knowledge of the nature of the financial markets, and from that examination a sharper insight into the nature of the economy of the Roman world is gained, making it clear that there was no single “market” economy, but different sectors, some of which were driven by reciprocity/redistribution and others by financially rational judgements.

The Economy of Roman Religion

Author : Andrew Wilson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192883550
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economy of Roman Religion by : Andrew Wilson

Download or read book The Economy of Roman Religion written by Andrew Wilson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary edited volume presents twelve papers by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing the interconnected relationship between religion and the Roman economy over the period c. 500 BC to AD 350. The connection between Roman religion and the economy has largely been ignored in work on the Roman economy, but this volume explores the many complex ways in which economic and religious thinking and activities were interwoven, from individuals to institutions. The broad geographic and chronological scope of the volume engages with a notable variety of evidence: epigraphic, archaeological, historical, papyrological, and zooarchaeological. In addition to providing case studies that draw from the rich archaeological, documentary, and epigraphic evidence, the volume also explores the different and sometimes divergent pictures offered by these sources (from discrepancies in the cost of religious buildings, to the tensions between piety and ostentatious donation). The edited collection thus bridges economic, social, and religious themes. The volume provides a view of a society in which religion had a central role in economic activity on an institutional to individual scale. The volume allows an evaluation of impact of that activity from both financial and social viewpoints, providing a new perspective on Roman religion - a perspective to which a wide range of archaeological and documentary evidence, from animal bone to coins and building costs, has contributed. As a result, this volume not only provides new information on the economy of Roman religion: it also proposes new ways of looking at existing bodies of evidence.

Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World

Author : Paul Erdkamp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192578952
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World by : Paul Erdkamp

Download or read book Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World written by Paul Erdkamp and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment in capital, both physical and financial, and innovation in its uses are often considered the linchpin of modern economic growth, while credit and credit markets now seem to determine the wealth - as well as the fate - of nations. Yet was it always thus? The Roman economy was large, complex, and sophisticated, but in terms of its structural properties did it look anything like the economies we know and are familiar with today? Through consideration of the allocation and uses of capital and credit and the role of innovation in the Roman world, the individual essays comprising this volume go straight to the heart of the matter, exploring such questions as how capital in its various forms was generated, allocated, and employed in the Roman economy; whether the Romans had markets for capital goods and credit; and whether investment in capital led to innovation and productivity growth. Their authors consider multiple aspects of capital use in agriculture, water management, trade, and urban production, and of credit provision, finance, and human capital, covering different periods of Roman history and ranging geographically across Italy and elsewhere in the Roman world. Utilizing many different types of written and archaeological evidence, and employing a range of modern theoretical perspectives and methodologies, the contributors, an expert international team of historians and archaeologists, have produced the first book-length contribution to focus exclusively on (physical and financial) capital in the Roman world; a volume that is aimed not only at specialists in the field, but also at economic historians and archaeologists specializing in other periods and places.

Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World

Author : Paul Erdkamp
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198728921
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World by : Paul Erdkamp

Download or read book Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World written by Paul Erdkamp and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on how the institutional set-up, or structure, of the Roman Empire positively or negatively affected economic performance.

Managing Information in the Roman Economy

Author : Cristina Rosillo-López
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030541002
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Information in the Roman Economy by : Cristina Rosillo-López

Download or read book Managing Information in the Roman Economy written by Cristina Rosillo-López and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-23 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume studies information as an economic resource in the Roman World. Information asymmetry is a distinguishing phenomenon of any human relationship. From an economic perspective, private or hidden information, opposed to publicly observable information, generates advantages and inequalities; at the same time, it is a source of profit, legal and illegal, and of transaction costs. The contributions that make up the present book aim to deepen our understanding of the economy of Ancient Rome by identifying and analysing formal and informal systems of knowledge and institutions that contributed to control, manage, restrict and enhance information. The chapters scrutinize the impact of information asymmetries on specific economic sectors, such as the labour market and the market of real estate, as well as the world of professional associations and trading networks. It further discusses structures and institutions that facilitated and regulated economic information in the public and the private spheres, such as market places, auctions, financial mechanisms and instruments, state treasures and archives. Managing Asymmetric Information in the Roman Economy invites the reader to evaluate economic activities within a larger collective mental, social, and political framework, and aims ultimately to test the applicability of tools and ideas from theoretical frameworks such as the Economics of Information to ancient and comparative historical research.

Property, Power and the Growth of Towns

Author : Catherine Casson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000876772
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Property, Power and the Growth of Towns by : Catherine Casson

Download or read book Property, Power and the Growth of Towns written by Catherine Casson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-05 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local enterprise, institutional quality and strategic location were of central importance in the growth of medieval towns. This book, comprising a study of 112 English towns, emphasises these key factors. Downstream locations on major rivers attracted international trade, and thereby stimulated the local processing of imports and exports, while the early establishment of richly endowed religious institutions funnelled agricultural rental income into a town, where it was spent on luxury goods produced by local craftsmen and artisans, and on expensive, long-running building schemes. Local entrepreneurs who recognised the economic potential of a town developed residential suburbs which attracted wealthy residents. Meanwhile town authorities invested in the building and maintenance of bridges, gates, walls and ditches, often with financial support from wealthy residents. Royal lordship was also an advantage to a town, as it gave the town authorities direct access to the king and bypassed local power-brokers such as bishops and earls. The legacy of medieval investment remains visible today in the streets of important towns. Drawing on rentals, deeds and surveys, this book also examines in detail the topography of seven key medieval towns: Bristol, Gloucester, Coventry, Cambridge, Birmingham, Shrewsbury and Hull. In each case, surviving records identify the location and value of urban properties, and their owners and tenants. Using statistical techniques, previously applied only to the early modern and modern periods, the book analyses the impact of location and type of property on property values. It shows that features of the modern property market, including spatial autocorrelation, were present in the middle ages. Property hot-spots of high rents are also identified; the most valuable properties were those situated between the market and other focal points such transport hubs and religious centres, convenient for both, but remote from noise and pollution. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on expertise from the disciplines of economics and history. It will be of interest to historians and to social scientists looking for a long-run perspective on urban development.

The Transformation of the Roman World AD 400-900

Author : Leslie Webster
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520210608
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Transformation of the Roman World AD 400-900 by : Leslie Webster

Download or read book The Transformation of the Roman World AD 400-900 written by Leslie Webster and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book accompanies 5 exhibitions. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-255) and index.

The Sustainability and Development of Ancient Economies

Author : Clement A. Tisdell
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000910628
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sustainability and Development of Ancient Economies by : Clement A. Tisdell

Download or read book The Sustainability and Development of Ancient Economies written by Clement A. Tisdell and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on modern economic theory, this book provides new insights into the economic development of ancient economies and the sustainability of their development. The book pays particular attention to the economics of hunting and gathering societies and their diversity. New ideas are presented about theories of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, including Childe’s theory of this development. The Agricultural Revolution was a major contributor to economic development because in most cases, it generated an economic surplus. However, as shown, income inequality was a necessary condition for the use of this surplus to promote economic development and to avoid the Malthusian population trap. This inequality was evident in the successful operation of the palatial economies of the Minoan and Mycenaean states. Nevertheless, some post-agricultural economies proved to be unsustainable, and they ‘mysteriously’ disappeared. This happened in the case of the Silesian Únětice culture and population. Economic and ecological reasons for this are suggested. The nature of economic development altered with increased trade, the use of barter, and subsequently the supply of money to facilitate this trade. These developments are examined in the context of the palatial economies of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Elsewhere, multinational business made a substantial contribution to the economic growth of Phoenicia, where international trade was not determined by its natural resource endowments. Thus, Phoenician economic exchange and development provides a different set of insights. The book makes an important contribution to the understanding of the evolution of human societies and will therefore be of interdisciplinary interest including economists (especially economic historians), anthropologists and sociologists, some archaeologists, and historians.

Industry and Development in Argentina

Author : Marcelo Rougier
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000838323
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Industry and Development in Argentina by : Marcelo Rougier

Download or read book Industry and Development in Argentina written by Marcelo Rougier and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the twists and turns in Argentina’s modern economic history and the debates that raged there around a problem common to all former colonies: how to achieve a level of economic growth for its population in a world characterized by unequal economic relations between the industrialized nations of the north and the commodity producers of the south. This new perspective examines the history of ideas surrounding industrialization and economic development in Argentina, drawing on a rigorous investigation of multiple sources. It demonstrates Argentina’s role as a laboratory for and disseminator of ideas that would eventually become the common property of all the developing world. Influential thinkers such as Raúl Prebisch and Aldo Ferrer, leading figures in twentieth century Latin American economic thought, developed important ideas such as unequal international trade relations, the promise and limits of Import Substitution Industrialization, the role of the state in the development of a national capitalism. These were the forerunners of similar concerns in other countries in Latin America and elsewhere in the world. The book will be of interest to historians, economists, sociologists of economic development, and related disciplines concerned with questions of global economic inequality.

The Political Economy of Interwar Foreign Investment

Author : Jerzy Łazor
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040028063
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Interwar Foreign Investment by : Jerzy Łazor

Download or read book The Political Economy of Interwar Foreign Investment written by Jerzy Łazor and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-30 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: France was interwar Poland’s main ally, and the biggest source of the country’s foreign investment. The two roles were closely connected: Paris used its position in Warsaw to win preferential treatment for its firms, while Polish authorities depended on France to finance their modernization policies and military spending. The relationship’s asymmetric character bred conflict, and in the 1930s dissenting voices compared French actions in Poland to imperialism and colonial expansion. This book untangles the complex mix of economics, policy, and politics in Franco-Polish relations. Based on government and company-level sources, it evaluates the part played by French capital in Poland and discovers the mechanisms ruling French FDI and public loans. Exploring case studies of specific sectors and themes, it asks questions about the modernizing potential of FDI, interwar economic imperialism, the workings of asymmetric investment, and the interactions between investments and politics. Understanding the unequal footing of Warsaw and Paris, it goes beyond imperialistic interpretations, and examines the leeway available to the weaker partner of the relationship. The book contributes to economic history of Central and Eastern Europe, and, more generally, to our understanding of the position of peripheral countries in the interwar global system.

The Economy of Classical Athens

Author : Emmanouil M. L. M.L. Economou
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000984036
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economy of Classical Athens by : Emmanouil M. L. M.L. Economou

Download or read book The Economy of Classical Athens written by Emmanouil M. L. M.L. Economou and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In parallel to the development of democracy, the Athenians of the Classical period established a series of sophisticated economic institutions for the time through which they developed a maritime and commercially oriented economy. This book provides a thorough analysis of this transformation and the functioning of the Athenian economy during the Classical period. Through the approach of New Institutional Economics (NIE), the book explores the establishment of key institutions including property rights protection, the legal protection of commercial contracts, prices determined by the forces of supply and demand, institutions against profiteering, banking services, the provision of loans through interest rates, consumer credit, insurance companies and a (primitive) version of joint-stock companies. Furthermore, the book focuses on the structure of the public sector, on how the state budget was determined and on how decisions on public revenues and expenditures were made. It also provides an integrated and detailed analysis of the social welfare policies that were implemented through the provision of a variety of public goods in Classical Athens. Moreover, it focuses on a series of socio-economic aspects such as the social status of women, slaves and foreigners and the viewpoints of prominent Athenian philosophers regarding economic organization. Finally, the book investigates whether an Athenian economic-political model of governance, based on a combination of advanced economic institutions (of free market type logic, even if in a primordial form) and direct democracy principles, can provide any lessons for modern societies. The book will be of great interest to readers of the economy, history and society of Ancient Greece as well as economic historians, ancient historians and policymakers more broadly.

An Economic History of the First German Unification

Author : Ulrich Pfister
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000850269
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis An Economic History of the First German Unification by : Ulrich Pfister

Download or read book An Economic History of the First German Unification written by Ulrich Pfister and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-27 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a striking chronological parallel between Germany’s transition from a post-Malthusian regime to modern economic growth and the formation of a modern nation-state between the late 1860s and the early 1880s, which culminated in the events of 1871.The central question of this book is whether and how such state formation did in fact contribute to economic development. Twenty chapters written by leading experts in their respective fields deal with various aspects of the book’s main question. Together, they identify three channels by which national unification contributed to Germany’s economic development: (1) Creation of a nation-state completed a process of institutional Unification of a large inland area and thereby increased the integration of domestic markets. (2) Unification raised the capacity of the political system with respect to regulating complex domains, such as stock companies, patenting, and social insurance. (3) The emerging political regime of market-preserving federalism promoted the quality of economic institutions. Moreover, a set of chapters dealing with the experience of other European economies apart from Germany during the second half of the nineteenth century highlight additional factors in nineteenth-century economic development, most notably the first wave of modern globalization and economic geography. Readers interested in the history of state building and the economic history of Germany and of Europe in general during the age of industrialization and globalization and students of the economic effects of political integration and decentralized state growth will all gain much from this book.

Inequality and Nutritional Transition in Economic History

Author : Francisco J. Medina-Albaladejo
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000864510
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality and Nutritional Transition in Economic History by : Francisco J. Medina-Albaladejo

Download or read book Inequality and Nutritional Transition in Economic History written by Francisco J. Medina-Albaladejo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-13 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food consumption and nutrition are historically among the most characteristic features of inequality in living standards driven by socioeconomic, gender, generational and geographical reasons. Nutrition directly impacts mortality, life expectancy, height and illness and thus becomes a good indicator of living standards and their evolution over time. However, one issue that remains unresolved is how to measure past diet inequalities with the available sources. This book evaluates nutritional inequalities in Spain from the nineteenth century to the present day. It explores the socioeconomic, gender, generational and geographical variations in food consumption and nutrition in Spain during this period. Deriving historical data on nutrition and diet has always been difficult due to issues with available sources. This book adopts a multi-dimensional approach and two complementary methodologies capable of presenting a more comprehensive picture: the first analyses diets based on primary sources, while the second examines the effect of nutritional inequalities on biological living standards, with special emphasis on average height. This combination allows for greater precision than previous studies on the impacts of food inequality. This book will be of significant interest to scholars from different academic branches, especially historians, economic historians and historians of science, economists, and also doctors, endocrinologists, paediatricians, anthropologists, nutritionists and expert in cooperation and development.

Managing Information in the Roman Economy

Author : Cristina Rosillo López
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030541026
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Information in the Roman Economy by : Cristina Rosillo López

Download or read book Managing Information in the Roman Economy written by Cristina Rosillo López and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Asymmetric Information and the Roman Economy: Introduction -- 2. Economics and Information: Asymmetries, Uncertainties and Risks -- Part 1: Information Management -- 3. Managing Economic Public Information in Rome: the Aerarium as Central Archive of the Roman Republic -- 4. Managing Uncertainty and Asymmetric Information in Roman Auctions -- Part 2: The Real Estate and Land Property Market -- 5. Asymmetric Information, ager publicus and the Roman Land Market in the Second Century BC -- 6. Domum pestilentem vendo: Real Estate Market and Information Asymmetry in the Roman World -- 7. Marriage and Asymmetric Information on the Real Estate Market in Roman Egypt -- Part 3: The Labour Market -- 8. Information Asymmetry and the Roman Labour Market -- 9. Asymmetric information and adverse selection in the Roman slave market: the limits of legal remedy -- Part 4: Trade and Financial Markets -- 10. Information Landscapes and Economic Practice in the Roman World -- 11. Roman Professional collegia and Economic Control. A Monopoly of Information? -- 12. A case of Arbitrage in a Worldwide Trade: Roman Coins in India -- 13. Information Governance in Roman Finance -- 14.Conclusions.

The Secret Wealth Advantage

Author : Akhil Patel
Publisher : Harriman House Limited
ISBN 13 : 0857198580
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (571 download)

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Book Synopsis The Secret Wealth Advantage by : Akhil Patel

Download or read book The Secret Wealth Advantage written by Akhil Patel and published by Harriman House Limited. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During your life you will make many important financial decisions. Their success will be significantly affected by the state of the economy and financial markets when you make them. Imagine if you had a guide to the future to help you anticipate periods of boom and bust and make decisions accordingly: when to invest and take risk, and when to sell or take measures to preserve your wealth. The Secret Wealth Advantage is that guide. To make better investment decisions at the right times, you need to understand the 18-year cycle. It is responsible for all of the periods of wild speculation and spectacular collapse that have been a feature of the modern economy for well over 200 years. At the heart of this cycle is the property market. Understand this and you will be able to forecast precisely what will happen next. Using a treasure trove of historical data and entertaining stories from the present and prior periods, The Secret Wealth Advantage reveals everything you need to know about the cycle: where we are within it, why it happens, why no one sees it and what you need to look out for. And, most importantly, The Secret Wealth Advantage provides you with a practical guide for what to do at each stage of the cycle. Put this into action and a world that appears complex and chaotic can be mastered. You will have an investment edge that seasoned professionals can only dream of.