The Railroad Bracero Program Of World War Ii

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The Tracks North

Author : Barbara A. Driscoll
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 9780292715929
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tracks North by : Barbara A. Driscoll

Download or read book The Tracks North written by Barbara A. Driscoll and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of a bilateral commitment to focus on winning World War II, over 100,000 contracts were signed between 1943 and 1945 to recruit and transport Mexican workers to the United States for employment on the railroads. A little-known companion to the widely criticized agricultural bracero program, the railroad bracero program corresponded in its implementation more closely to the original intent of both governments than did its agricultural counterpart. In spite of pressure from the railroad industry to continue the program indefinitely, the U.S. government was adamant about terminating it on schedule and returning the workers to Mexico. The railroad bracero program still stands as the only historical example of a binational migration agreement between the two countries that was executed and concluded in the spirit of the original negotiations. The abuses commonly associated with the agricultural program were controlled in the railroad program by the organization of international committees wherein the Mexican government could, and did, force the U.S. government to be accountable for the plight of railroad braceros. The Tracks North is the only book-length study devoted to the railroad bracero program. Barbara Driscoll examines the program and its place in the long history of U.S.-Mexican relations. In so doing, she uses a wealth of materials seldom used by investigators of the bracero program, and also provides a clearer picture of the internal workings of the bracero program in Mexico than any other study produced to date.

The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II

Author : Barbara Driscoll de Alvarado
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II by : Barbara Driscoll de Alvarado

Download or read book The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II written by Barbara Driscoll de Alvarado and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bracero Railroaders

Author : Erasmo Gamboa
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295998318
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis Bracero Railroaders by : Erasmo Gamboa

Download or read book Bracero Railroaders written by Erasmo Gamboa and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desperate for laborers to keep the trains moving during World War II, the U.S. and Mexican governments created a now mostly forgotten bracero railroad program that sent a hundred thousand Mexican workers across the border to build and maintain railroad lines throughout the United States, particularly the West. Although both governments promised the workers adequate living arrangements and fair working conditions, most bracero railroaders lived in squalor, worked dangerous jobs, and were subject to harsh racial discrimination. Making matters worse, the governments held a percentage of the workers’ earnings in a savings and retirement program that supposedly would await the men on their return to Mexico. However, rampant corruption within both the railroad companies and the Mexican banks meant that most workers were unable to collect what was rightfully theirs. Historian Erasmo Gamboa recounts the difficult conditions, systemic racism, and decades-long quest for justice these men faced. The result is a pathbreaking examination that deepens our understanding of Mexican American, immigration, and labor histories in the twentieth-century U.S. West.

Mexican Labor and World War II

Author : Erasmo Gamboa
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295998393
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexican Labor and World War II by : Erasmo Gamboa

Download or read book Mexican Labor and World War II written by Erasmo Gamboa and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Although Mexican migrant workers have toiled in the fields of the Pacific Northwest since the turn of the century, and although they comprise the largest work force in the region’s agriculture today, they have been virtually invisible in the region’s written labor history. Erasmo Gamboa’s study of the bracero program during World War II is an important beginning, describing and documenting the labor history of Mexican and Chicano workers in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and contributing to our knowledge of farm labor.”—Oregon Historical Quarterly

Mexican Americans and World War II

Author : Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 9780292706811
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexican Americans and World War II by : Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez

Download or read book Mexican Americans and World War II written by Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2005-04-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A valuable book and the first significant scholarship on Mexican Americans in World War II. Up to 750,000 Mexican American men served in World War II, earning more Medals of Honor and other decorations in proportion to their numbers than any other ethnic group.

Grounds for Dreaming

Author : Lori A. Flores
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300216386
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Grounds for Dreaming by : Lori A. Flores

Download or read book Grounds for Dreaming written by Lori A. Flores and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-05 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Known as “The Salad Bowl of the World,” California’s Salinas Valley became an agricultural empire due to the toil of diverse farmworkers, including Latinos. A sweeping critical history of how Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants organized for their rights in the decades leading up to the seminal strikes led by Cesar Chavez, this important work also looks closely at how different groups of Mexicans—U.S. born, bracero, and undocumented—confronted and interacted with one another during this period. An incisive study of labor, migration, race, gender, citizenship, and class, Lori Flores’s first book offers crucial insights for today’s ever-growing U.S. Latino demographic, the farmworker rights movement, and future immigration policy.

Of Forests and Fields

Author : Mario Jimenez Sifuentez
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813576911
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Of Forests and Fields by : Mario Jimenez Sifuentez

Download or read book Of Forests and Fields written by Mario Jimenez Sifuentez and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2016 Choice Oustanding Academic Title Just looking at the Pacific Northwest’s many verdant forests and fields, it may be hard to imagine the intense work it took to transform the region into the agricultural powerhouse it is today. Much of this labor was provided by Mexican guest workers, Tejano migrants, and undocumented immigrants, who converged on the region beginning in the mid-1940s. Of Forests and Fields tells the story of these workers, who toiled in the fields, canneries, packing sheds, and forests, turning the Pacific Northwest into one of the most productive agricultural regions in the country. Employing an innovative approach that traces the intersections between Chicana/o labor and environmental history, Mario Sifuentez shows how ethnic Mexican workers responded to white communities that only welcomed them when they were economically useful, then quickly shunned them. He vividly renders the feelings of isolation and desperation that led to the formation of ethnic Mexican labor organizations like the Pineros y Campesinos Unidos Noroeste (PCUN) farm workers union, which fought back against discrimination and exploitation. Of Forests and Fields not only extends the scope of Mexican labor history beyond the Southwest, it offers valuable historical precedents for understanding the struggles of immigrant and migrant laborers in our own era. Sifuentez supplements his extensive archival research with a unique set of first-hand interviews, offering new perspectives on events covered in the printed historical record. A descendent of ethnic Mexican immigrant laborers in Oregon, Sifuentez also poignantly demonstrates the links between the personal and political, as his research leads him to amazing discoveries about his own family history... www.mariosifuentez.com

Defiant Braceros

Author : Mireya Loza
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Defiant Braceros by : Mireya Loza

Download or read book Defiant Braceros written by Mireya Loza and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Mireya Loza sheds new light on the private lives of migrant men who participated in the Bracero Program (1942–1964), a binational agreement between the United States and Mexico that allowed hundreds of thousands of Mexican workers to enter this country on temporary work permits. While this program and the issue of temporary workers has long been politicized on both sides of the border, Loza argues that the prevailing romanticized image of braceros as a family-oriented, productive, legal workforce has obscured the real, diverse experiences of the workers themselves. Focusing on underexplored aspects of workers' lives--such as their transnational union-organizing efforts, the sexual economies of both hetero and queer workers, and the ethno-racial boundaries among Mexican indigenous braceros--Loza reveals how these men defied perceived political, sexual, and racial norms. Basing her work on an archive of more than 800 oral histories from the United States and Mexico, Loza is the first scholar to carefully differentiate between the experiences of mestizo guest workers and the many Mixtec, Zapotec, Purhepecha, and Mayan laborers. In doing so, she captures the myriad ways these defiant workers responded to the intense discrimination and exploitation of an unjust system that still persists today.

Migratory Labor in American Agriculture

Author : United States. President's Commission on Migratory Labor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Migratory Labor in American Agriculture by : United States. President's Commission on Migratory Labor

Download or read book Migratory Labor in American Agriculture written by United States. President's Commission on Migratory Labor and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Steel Barrio

Author : Michael Innis-Jiménez
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814785859
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Steel Barrio by : Michael Innis-Jiménez

Download or read book Steel Barrio written by Michael Innis-Jiménez and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Innis-Jiménez is a native of Laredo, Texas and Assistant Professor in the Department of American Studies at the University of Alabama. He lives in Tuscaloosa where he working on his next book on Latino/a immigration to the American South. In the Culture, Labor, History series

Abrazando el Espíritu

Author : Dr. Ana Elizabeth Rosas
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520958659
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrazando el Espíritu by : Dr. Ana Elizabeth Rosas

Download or read book Abrazando el Espíritu written by Dr. Ana Elizabeth Rosas and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structured to meet employers’ needs for low-wage farm workers, the well-known Bracero Program recruited thousands of Mexicans to perform physical labor in the United States between 1942 and 1964 in exchange for remittances sent back to Mexico. As partners and family members were dispersed across national borders, interpersonal relationships were transformed. The prolonged absences of Mexican workers, mostly men, forced women and children at home to inhabit new roles, create new identities, and cope with long-distance communication from fathers, brothers, and sons. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources, Ana Elizabeth Rosas uncovers a previously hidden history of transnational family life. Intimate and personal experiences are revealed to show how Mexican immigrants and their families were not passive victims but instead found ways to embrace the spirit (abrazando el espíritu) of making and implementing difficult decisions concerning their family situations—creating new forms of affection, gender roles, and economic survival strategies with long-term consequences.

Traqueros

Author : Jeffrey Marcos Garcilazo
Publisher : University of North Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 157441464X
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Traqueros by : Jeffrey Marcos Garcilazo

Download or read book Traqueros written by Jeffrey Marcos Garcilazo and published by University of North Texas Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps no other industrial technology changed the course of Mexican history in the United States--and Mexico--than did the coming of the railroads. Tens of thousands of Mexicans worked for the railroads in the United States, especially in the Southwest and Midwest. Construction crews soon became railroad workers proper, along with maintenance crews later. Extensive Mexican American settlements appeared throughout the lower and upper Midwest as the result of the railroad. The substantial Mexican American populations in these regions today are largely attributable to 19th- and 20th-century railroad work. Only agricultural work surpassed railroad work in terms of employment of Mexicans. The full history of Mexican American railroad labor and settlement in the United States had not been told, however, until Jeffrey Marcos Garcílazo's groundbreaking research in Traqueros. Garcílazo mined numerous archives and other sources to provide the first and only comprehensive history of Mexican railroad workers across the United States, with particular attention to the Midwest. He first explores the origins and process of Mexican labor recruitment and immigration and then describes the areas of work performed. He reconstructs the workers' daily lives and explores not only what the workers did on the job but also what they did at home and how they accommodated and/or resisted Americanization. Boxcar communities, strike organizations, and "traquero culture" finally receive historical acknowledgment. Integral to his study is the importance of family settlement in shaping working class communities and consciousness throughout the Midwest.

The U.S.-Mexican Border in the Twentieth Century

Author : David E. Lorey
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780842027564
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis The U.S.-Mexican Border in the Twentieth Century by : David E. Lorey

Download or read book The U.S.-Mexican Border in the Twentieth Century written by David E. Lorey and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1999 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2,000-mile-long international boundary between the United States and Mexico gives shape to a unique social, economic, and cultural entity. David Lorey here offers the first comprehensive treatment of the fascinating evolution of the region over the past century. Exploring the evolution of a distinct border society, Lorey traces broad themes in the region's history, including geographical constraints, boom-and-bust cycles, and outside influences. He also examines the seminal twentieth-century events that have shaped life in the area, such as Prohibition, World War II, and economic globalization. Bringing the analysis up to the present, the book considers such divisive issues as the distinction between legal and illegal migration, trends in transboundary migrant flows, and North American free trade. Informative and accessible, this valuable study is ideal for courses on the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, Chicano studies, Mexican history, and Mexican-American history.

Moving Beyond Borders

Author : Alberto Lopez Pulido
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252056167
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Moving Beyond Borders by : Alberto Lopez Pulido

Download or read book Moving Beyond Borders written by Alberto Lopez Pulido and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving Beyond Borders examines the life and accomplishments of Julian Samora, the first Mexican American sociologist in the United States and the founding father of the discipline of Latino studies. Detailing his distinguished career at the University of Notre Dame from 1959 to 1984, the book documents the history of the Mexican American Graduate Studies program that Samora established at Notre Dame and traces his influence on the evolution of border studies, Chicano studies, and Mexican American studies. Samora's groundbreaking ideas opened the way for Latinos to understand and study themselves intellectually and politically, to analyze the complex relationships between Mexicans and Mexican Americans, to study Mexican immigration, and to ready the United States for the reality of Latinos as the fastest growing minority in the nation. In addition to his scholarly and pedagogical impact, his leadership in the struggle for civil rights was a testament to the power of community action and perseverance. Focusing on Samora's teaching, mentoring, research, and institution-building strategies, Moving Beyond Borders explores the legacies, challenges, and future of ethnic studies in United States higher education. Contributors are Teresita E. Aguilar, Jorge A. Bustamante, Gilberto Cárdenas, Miguel A. Carranza, Frank M. Castillo, Anthony J. Cortese, Lydia Espinosa Crafton, Barbara Driscoll de Alvarado, Herman Gallegos, Phillip Gallegos, José R. Hinojosa, Delfina Landeros, Paul López, Sergio X. Madrigal, Ken Martínez, Vilma Martínez, Alberto Mata, Amelia M. Muñoz, Richard A. Navarro, Jesus "Chuy" Negrete, Alberto López Pulido, Julie Leininger Pycior, Olga Villa Parra, Ricardo Parra, Victor Rios, Marcos Ronquillo, Rene Rosenbaum, Carmen Samora, Rudy Sandoval, Alfredo Rodriguez Santos, and Ciro Sepulveda.

The Bracero Program

Author : Richard B. Craig
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 147730584X
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bracero Program by : Richard B. Craig

Download or read book The Bracero Program written by Richard B. Craig and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-12-19 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long before “Cesar Chávez” and “Chicano” became commonly known, the word “bracero” had established itself in the language of American politics. The Mexican Farm Labor Program—or bracero program as it came to be known—was from its inception in 1942 a highly controversial issue. At international, national, and subnational levels, it remained the focal point of an intense interest-group struggle. This struggle and its group combatants provide the central concern of this study. In the early 1940’s agribusiness interests had sought to contract Mexican laborers (“braceros”) for work on United States farms. With the entry of the United States into World War II, legislation was passed for contracting braceros on a large scale. What was originally a wartime measure soon became an institution. During twenty-two years, 4.2 million braceros were contracted. The United States, at the insistence of the Mexican government, became a partner in the program, ensuring that the braceros were provided housing, set wages, and other benefits. The program was, however, detrimental to one group in the United States: the native farmworker. Not only was the bracero provided guarantees that the native could not demand, but the bracero also got the native’s job. During the late forties and fifties, organized labor gathered its forces in Congress to oppose the program. Finally, an administration favorable to the native farmworker threw its support behind the native laborer, and through the Department of labor measures were passed that made it less attractive to hire foreign labor. In the end, the anti-bracero forces won out in Congress and defeated extension of the Mexican Farm Labor program. At the same time, the United States government, by setting the working standards for foreign workers, brought about an improvement in the working conditions and wages of native farm laborers. Besides the conflicts between domestic interests, Craig examines the international conflicts and issues involved, as well as the international agreements that were the basis of bracero contracting. He discusses with perception the program’s immediate and long-range effects on Mexico. His study analyzes and clarifies one of the most controversial domestic and international programs of the twentieth century.

Strangers in Our Fields

Author : Ernesto Galarza
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Strangers in Our Fields by : Ernesto Galarza

Download or read book Strangers in Our Fields written by Ernesto Galarza and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Beyond Borders

Author : Timothy J. Henderson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444394959
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Borders by : Timothy J. Henderson

Download or read book Beyond Borders written by Timothy J. Henderson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-13 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond Borders: A History of Mexican Migration to the United States details the origins and evolution of the movement of people from Mexico into the United States from the first significant flow across the border at the turn of the twentieth century up to the present day. Considers the issues from the perspectives of both the United States and Mexico Offers a reasoned assessment of the factors that drive Mexican immigration, explains why so many of the policies enacted in Washington have only worsened the problem, and suggests what policy options might prove more effective Argues that the problem of Mexican immigration can only be solved if Mexico and the United States work together to reduce the disequilibrium that propels Mexican immigrants to the United States