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Author : Werner Feldt
Publisher : Verlag Tuv Rheinland
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Radioecology of Natural and Artificial Radionuclides written by Werner Feldt and published by Verlag Tuv Rheinland. This book was released on 1989 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Congress on Radiation Protection. Regional Congress (
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book The Radioecology of Natural and Artificial Radionuclides written by International Congress on Radiation Protection. Regional Congress ( and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Frederick Warner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Radioecology After Chernobyl written by Frederick Warner and published by . This book was released on 1993-06 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based upon the research of prominent international scientists, written at a level comprehensible to those without specialized knowledge of the field, it considers the magnitude of radionuclide releases from the nuclear fuel cycle, from accidents and other details of sources and their effect upon non-human biota. Describes environmental processes and geochemical cycling which may be obtained from the use of radionuclides as tracers.
Author : Vsevolod Mavrikievich Klechkovskii
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Radioecology written by Vsevolod Mavrikievich Klechkovskii and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1973 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York ; Toronto : Wiley ; Jerusalem : Israel Program for Scientific Translations, c1973.
Author : Alfred W. Klement
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Natural Environmental Radioactivity written by Alfred W. Klement and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard Tykva
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566761895
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (618 download)
Download or read book Low-Level Environmental Radioactivity written by Richard Tykva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-04-13 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Introduction Low-level radioactivity is related to those radioactive sources of ionizing radiation that are characterized by low activities. Sometimes activity here does not represent total amount of radionuclides but rather their concentration. In other cases, the total activity may be quite high, but we can measure only a relatively small portion of the material. "Low" may have, for different situations and circumstances, not only considerably different meanings but also different absolute values as far as the activity or activity concentration is concerned. For example, one can refer to low activity in the case of radiocarbon dating, where the concentration of 14C is actually lower than its natural concentration, and also in the case of radon monitoring where, especially in mines or in some enclosed spaces, its concentration may be several thousand times higher than the outdoor "atural" concentrations. Emphasis is now being placed on the analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment or on the release of radionuclides from their different man-made sources because liquid and aerial discharge level controls have become more rigorous. In addition, the applicability of low-level methodology increases the extent of different radionuclide applications considerably. Since individual radionuclides differ in their decay scheme and particles emitted as well in their energies, there is no universal method for the accurate measurement of all radioactive sources. Moreover, there is usually a mixture of radionuclides in a sample, causing some difficulties in a selective evaluation of a given radionuclide. Due to the random nature of radioactive disintegrations, the appropriate interpretation of the experimental results would be, in most cases, impossible without elaborate statistical treatment and evaluation of the data obtained. Thanks to the availability of computer-based instrumentation, the measuring data can be, in most cases, processed and evaluated on-line, which makes it possible to control and optimize the experiment in order to extract the maximum amount of information carried by the detector response. The purpose of this book is to provide an introduction to low-level radioactivity assessment and to clarify the nature of its sources, as well as the principal methods used in its measurement. Our evaluation is concentrated on the present-day aspects of low-level methodology. The book may be useful for all who need highly sensitive analysis of natural or artificial radioactivity both within and outside the nuclear field. The attempt of this book is to summarize the sources of environmental radioactivity and their possible radiological impact in terms of resulting doses to the population, and to present a sound review of the measuring methods and techniques for the evaluation of low-level radioactivities encountered in both the environment and in a number of applications where radioactive sources are used as a means of obtaining important information.
Author : Clemens Walther
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331922171X
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Author : Nataesa Todoroviac
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781536173796
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (737 download)
Download or read book Radionuclides written by Nataesa Todoroviac and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our world has been radioactive ever since! Humans are primarily exposed to natural radiation from the Sun, cosmic rays, and naturally-occurring radionuclides found in the Earth's crust. Besides the natural radioactivity, industries, which produce radioactive wastes during their normal operations or during their dismantling and decommissioning processes, do contaminate the environment through the release of radionuclides into the air, soil and water. Among them, nuclear power plants, NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) related industries, hospitals, radionuclide production facilities, uranium mining and other nuclear facilities, along with radioactive/nuclear disposal sites are a potential source of environmental contamination by emission/discharging of natural/artificial radionuclides through water, air and soil to the other environmental compartments like plants, animals and foods. In a word, everything that makes our existence! The book ''Radionuclides: Properties, Behavior and Potential Health Effects" is a comprehensive overview of some information on radiation in the environment and human exposure to radioactivity. This book highlights the sources, properties, behaviors, and biological and ecological effects of radioactivity from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The emphasis is on the environmental aspects of radionuclides and their eventual effects on biota, particularly humans.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080496382
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (963 download)
Download or read book Marine Radioactivity written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on Marine Radioactivity sets out to cover most of the aspects of marine radioactivity which have been the focus of scientific study in recent decades. The authors and their reviews divide into topic areas which have defined the field over its history. They cover the suite of natural radioisotopes which have been present in the oceans since their formation and quantitatively dominate the inventory of radioactivity in the oceans. Also addressed are the suite of artificial radionuclides introduced to the oceans as a consequence of the use of the atom for development of nuclear energy, nuclear weapons and various applications of nuclear science. The major source of these continues to derive from the global fallout of atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons in the 1950s and 1960s but also includes both planned and accidental releases of radioactivity from both civilian and military nuclear technology. The other division of the major study direction depends on whether the objective is to use the radionuclides as powerful tools to study oceanic processes, to describe and understand the ocean distribution of the various natural or artificial radionuclides or to assess the different radionuclides' impact on and pathways to man or marine organisms. The oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and thus contains a corresponding large share of the Earth's radioactivity. Marine Radioactivity covers topics of recent scientific study in this young field. It examines both natural radioactivity (radioactivity naturally present in oceans since their formation) and artificial radioactivity (radioactivity introduced by man and use of atomic and nuclear energy) with regard to possible effects on the global environment.
Author : András S. Szabó
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Radioecology and Environmental Protection written by András S. Szabó and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1993 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F. Ward Whicker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Radioecology written by F. Ward Whicker and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Elis Holm
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789814534284
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (342 download)
Download or read book Radioecology written by Elis Holm and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F.F. Luykx
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789401066204
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (662 download)
Download or read book Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites written by F.F. Luykx and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the nuclear facilities built since the Second World War have ceased active operation and have been decommissioned. Some of the sites are heavily contaminated with radioactive substances. Correct and efficient action to mitigate the radiological consequences of such contamination will only be possible when the behaviour of radionuclides in the terrestrial environment is sufficiently well known. Yet radioecologists often find it difficult to study the transfer of radioactivity in agricultural land and semi-natural ecosystems, because of the complexity and diversity of such environments. The present book presents an analysis of all the factors that affect the behaviour of radionuclides as they move from their point of release through the environment and then enter the tissues of biota living in the ecosystems, in particular plants and animals consumed by humans. The course on which the book is based was held in a region that is heavily contaminated by radioactive discharges into the environment during nuclear weapons fabrication in the 1950s and '60s, and due to a severe accidental release following the explosion of a rad-waste tank in 1957. This allowed in situ training of the students. The book's main emphasis is on specific radioecological problems in severely contaminated areas in the former Soviet Union: the Southern Urals Trail, the rivers Techa-Isert-Tobol-Irtis-Ob, and the 30 km zone around Chernobyl. Systems examined include soils, arable and pasture land, forests, lakes and rivers. Special attention is paid to the effects of radiation on natural ecosystems: trees, soil-dwelling organisms, and aquatic organisms. Synergistic effects are also considered. Short, medium and long term countermeasures are discussed.
Author : Dmitry G. Matishov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540201977
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Radioecology in Northern European Seas written by Dmitry G. Matishov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-01-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference explores oceanographic and biological conditions involved in the transfer and accumulation of radionuclides in marine sediment and biota of the Northern European seas. Much of the content synthesizes decades of work by the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute. This forms the basis of a new methodological and theoretical framework describing radionuclide bioaccumulation by marine invertebrate and vertebrate animals, with special attention to marine food webs leading to humans.
Author : R.J. Blust
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008096026X
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Freshwater and Estuarine Radioecology written by R.J. Blust and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-07-25 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chernobyl accident drew attention to the difficulties of understanding the dynamics of radionuclide transport through the environment using older methods developed after the pseudo steady state pollution resulting after the weapons testing fallout. More recent approaches, which are reported in this book, have incorporated both the dynamic aspects highlighted by the pulse Chernobyl input and the importance of improvement in models that can be brought about by constraining parameters on the basis of a knowledge of the fundamental physics, chemistry, biology and ecology of the ecosystems involved. The papers within this volume include hydrodynamic models of suspended solids transport, ion exchange interpretation of radionuclide sorption: approaches applying a knowledge of membrane transport kinetics to the uptake of radionuclides by biota; the effects of different ecological niches on the relative uptake of radionuclides by different species; kinetic models of radionuclide uptake through trophic chains and the success and failure of different countermeasures attempted after the Chernobyl accident.
Author : David A. Atwood
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118632699
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by David A. Atwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear energy is the one energy source that could meet the world's growing energy needs and provide a smooth transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in the coming decades and centuries. It is becoming abundantly clear that an increase in nuclear energy capacity will, and probably must, take place. However, nuclear energy and the use of radionuclides for civilian and military purposes lead to extremely long-lived waste that is costly and highly problematic to deal with. Therefore, it is critically important ot understand the environmental implications of radionuclides for ecosystems and human health if nuclear energy is to be used to avoid the impending global energy crisis. The present volume of the EIC Books series addresses this critical need by providing fundamental information on environmentally significant radionuclides. The content of this book was developed in collaboration with many of the authors of the chapters. Given the enormity of the subject the Editor and the Authors had to be judicious in selecting the chapters that would appropriately encompass and describe the primary topics, particularly those that are of importance to the health of ecosystems and humans. The resulting chapters were chosen to provide this information in a book of useful and appropriate length. Each chapter provides fundamental information on the chemistry of the radionuclides, their occurrence and movement in the enivornment, separation and analyses, and the technologies needed for their remediation and mitigation. The chapters are structured with a common, systematic format in order to facilitate comparions between elements and groups of elements. About EIC Books The Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (EIC) has proved to be one of the defining standards in inorganic chemistry, and most chemistry libraries around the world have access either to the first of second print editon, or to the online version. Many readers, however, prefer to have more concise thematic volumes, targeted to their specific area of interest. This feedback from EIC readers has encouraged the Editors to plan a series of EIC Books, focusing on topics of current interest. They will appear on a regular basis, and will feature leading scholars in their fields. Like the Encyclopedia, EIC Books aims to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker with a critical distillation of the leading concepts in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and provide a structured entry into the fields covered. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.
Author : H. Dahlgaard
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080875217
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (752 download)
Download or read book Nordic Radioecology written by H. Dahlgaard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-10-11 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present treatise is the final milestone in the radioecology programme, RAD, carried out from 1990 to 1993 under the Nordic Committee for Nuclear Safety Research, NKS. The book, one of the few in its field to have achieved international publication, is centred on the contamination of Nordic environments with radionuclides from the Chernobyl accident. It contains 30 contributions mainly describing the flow of radiocaesium through aquatic, agricultural, forest, and alpine ecosystems, as well as quality assurance and doses to man. A series of original papers on various aspects of Nordic post-Chernobyl radioecology by leading Nordic scientists is also included, along with terms & units definitions, indexes, and an executive summary. The volume will be invaluable to all scientists and professionals in radioecology, radiation protection, trace element cycling and environmental contamination. It will also be relevant to general evironmental management/human contamination/civil defence officials.
