The Puerto Rican Independence Movement

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War Against All Puerto Ricans

Author : Nelson A Denis
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568585020
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis War Against All Puerto Ricans by : Nelson A Denis

Download or read book War Against All Puerto Ricans written by Nelson A Denis and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The powerful, untold story of the 1950 revolution in Puerto Rico and the long history of U.S. intervention on the island, that the New York Times says "could not be more timely." In 1950, after over fifty years of military occupation and colonial rule, the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico staged an unsuccessful armed insurrection against the United States. Violence swept through the island: assassins were sent to kill President Harry Truman, gunfights roared in eight towns, police stations and post offices were burned down. In order to suppress this uprising, the US Army deployed thousands of troops and bombarded two towns, marking the first time in history that the US government bombed its own citizens. Nelson A. Denis tells this powerful story through the controversial life of Pedro Albizu Campos, who served as the president of the Nationalist Party. A lawyer, chemical engineer, and the first Puerto Rican to graduate from Harvard Law School, Albizu Campos was imprisoned for twenty-five years and died under mysterious circumstances. By tracing his life and death, Denis shows how the journey of Albizu Campos is part of a larger story of Puerto Rico and US colonialism. Through oral histories, personal interviews, eyewitness accounts, congressional testimony, and recently declassified FBI files, War Against All Puerto Ricans tells the story of a forgotten revolution and its context in Puerto Rico's history, from the US invasion in 1898 to the modern-day struggle for self-determination. Denis provides an unflinching account of the gunfights, prison riots, political intrigue, FBI and CIA covert activity, and mass hysteria that accompanied this tumultuous period in Puerto Rican history.

Dream Nation

Author : María Acosta Cruz
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813571294
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Dream Nation by : María Acosta Cruz

Download or read book Dream Nation written by María Acosta Cruz and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifty years, Puerto Rican voters have roundly rejected any calls for national independence. Yet the rhetoric and iconography of independence have been defining features of Puerto Rican literature and culture. In the provocative new book Dream Nation, María Acosta Cruz investigates the roots and effects of this profound disconnect between cultural fantasy and political reality. Bringing together texts from Puerto Rican literature, history, and popular culture, Dream Nation shows how imaginings of national independence have served many competing purposes. They have given authority to the island’s literary and artistic establishment but have also been a badge of countercultural cool. These ideas have been fueled both by nostalgia for an imagined past and by yearning for a better future. They have fostered local communities on the island, and still helped define Puerto Rican identity within U.S. Latino culture. In clear, accessible prose, Acosta Cruz takes us on a journey from the 1898 annexation of Puerto Rico to the elections of 2012, stopping at many cultural touchstones along the way, from the canonical literature of the Generación del 30 to the rap music of Tego Calderón. Dream Nation thus serves both as a testament to how stories, symbols, and heroes of independence have inspired the Puerto Rican imagination and as an urgent warning about how this culture has become detached from the everyday concerns of the island’s people. A volume in the American Literature Initiatives series

Puerto Rico's Revolt for Independence

Author : Olga Jiménez Wgenheim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781558766440
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis Puerto Rico's Revolt for Independence by : Olga Jiménez Wgenheim

Download or read book Puerto Rico's Revolt for Independence written by Olga Jiménez Wgenheim and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book interprets Puerto Rico's first and most significant attempt to end its colonial dependence on Spain. Looking at the imperial policies and conditions within Puerto Rico that led to the 1868 rebellion known as El Grito de Lares, the author compares the colonization of Puerto Rico with that of Spanish America and explores why the island's independence movement began decades after Spain's other colonies of the region had revolted. Through the extensive use of previously unresearched archival materials of the rebel movement, she corrects many errors found in earlier accounts of the revolt, and offers new interpretations of the movement's impact on Spanish-Puerto Rican relations.

Caribbean Revolutions

Author : Rachel A. May
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108424759
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Caribbean Revolutions by : Rachel A. May

Download or read book Caribbean Revolutions written by Rachel A. May and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive history and comparative analysis of the most important Caribbean armed revolutionary movements during the Cold War era.

Puerto Rico's Statehood Movement

Author : Edgardo Meléndez
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Puerto Rico's Statehood Movement by : Edgardo Meléndez

Download or read book Puerto Rico's Statehood Movement written by Edgardo Meléndez and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1988-09-26 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against a historical backdrop whose origins go back to the US's acquisition of Puerto Rico in the Spanish-American War, the author examines in close detail the evolution of the statehood movement in that territory. . . . This volume will interest mostly professional scholars, graduate students, and general readers attuned to the Puerto Rican statehood issue and to such matters as ethnicity and constitutional development in societies still governed from a distant metropole- in this case, from Washington DC. The book is generally well written and readable. It contains a useful bibliography on the Puerto Rican statehood movement and a servicable index. Choice Melendez presents the first comprehensive treatment of the statehood movement in Puerto Rico from the nineteenth century to the present day. Broad in scope, the discussion encompasses every major aspect of annexationism--programs, ideology, politics, changing support for statehood within the United States, and the influential role of the New Progressive Party--and offers a groundbreaking comparative analysis of statehood activities, parties, and conceptions throughout the history of the movement. Throughout, Melendez places particular emphasis on major changes and transformations in the movement, enabling the student of Puerto Rican politics to construct a more comprehensive picture of the evolution of Puerto Rican annexationism than has yet been available.

Fantasy Island

Author : Ed Morales
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568588984
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Fantasy Island by : Ed Morales

Download or read book Fantasy Island written by Ed Morales and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial, clear-eyed accounting of Puerto Rico's 122 years as a colony of the US. Since its acquisition by the US in 1898, Puerto Rico has served as a testing ground for the most aggressive and exploitative US economic, political, and social policies. The devastation that ensued finally grew impossible to ignore in 2017, in the wake of Hurricane María, as the physical destruction compounded the infrastructure collapse and trauma inflicted by the debt crisis. In Fantasy Island, Ed Morales traces how, over the years, Puerto Rico has served as a colonial satellite, a Cold War Caribbean showcase, a dumping ground for US manufactured goods, and a corporate tax shelter. He also shows how it has become a blank canvas for mercenary experiments in disaster capitalism on the frontlines of climate change, hamstrung by internal political corruption and the US federal government's prioritization of outside financial interests. Taking readers from San Juan to New York City and back to his family's home in the Luquillo Mountains, Morales shows us the machinations of financial and political interests in both the US and Puerto Rico, and the resistance efforts of Puerto Rican artists and activists. Through it all, he emphasizes that the only way to stop Puerto Rico from being bled is to let Puerto Ricans take control of their own destiny, going beyond the statehood-commonwealth-independence debate to complete decolonization.

Building a Latino Civil Rights Movement

Author : Sonia Song-Ha Lee
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469614146
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Building a Latino Civil Rights Movement by : Sonia Song-Ha Lee

Download or read book Building a Latino Civil Rights Movement written by Sonia Song-Ha Lee and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-05-26 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first book-length history of Puerto Rican civil rights in New York City, Sonia Lee traces the rise and fall of an uneasy coalition between Puerto Rican and African American activists from the 1950s through the 1970s. Previous work has tended to see blacks and Latinos as either naturally unified as "people of color" or irreconcilably at odds as two competing minorities. Lee demonstrates instead that Puerto Ricans and African Americans in New York City shaped the complex and shifting meanings of "Puerto Rican-ness" and "blackness" through political activism. African American and Puerto Rican New Yorkers came to see themselves as minorities joined in the civil rights struggle, the War on Poverty, and the Black Power movement--until white backlash and internal class divisions helped break the coalition, remaking "Hispanicity" as an ethnic identity that was mutually exclusive from "blackness." Drawing on extensive archival research and oral history interviews, Lee vividly portrays this crucial chapter in postwar New York, revealing the permeability of boundaries between African American and Puerto Rican communities.

Right-wing Women in Chile

Author : Margaret Power
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271021748
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Right-wing Women in Chile by : Margaret Power

Download or read book Right-wing Women in Chile written by Margaret Power and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When over five thousand women took to the streets of Santiago to protest Salvador Allende&’s Popular Unity government on December 1, 1971, their March of the Empty Pots and Pans signaled the beginning of a mass opposition movement and prompted the later formation of Feminine Power, a multi-class organization that played a critical role in paving the way for the military coup in 1973. Drawing on extensive interviews with leaders and participants, Margaret Power tells the story of these right-wing women, examining their motives, the tactics they employed, and the impact of their ideas and activity on Chilean society and politics. The ability of the right to exploit established ideas about gender, Power argues, was key to the opposition&’s success, and she explores how conservatives appealed to women as wives and mothers to mobilize them. Power also pays attention to the earlier history of these efforts, including the formation of Women&’s Action of Chile in 1963, and to the support provided by the U.S. government. The epilogue examines right-wing women&’s reactions to the arrest of Augusto Pinochet in 1998 and their role in the elections of 2000. By focusing on the women who opposed Allende and supported Pinochet, this book offers a fresh look at the complex dynamics of Chilean politics in the last half of the twentieth century.

Puerto Rico in the American Century

Author : César J. Ayala
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807895539
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Puerto Rico in the American Century by : César J. Ayala

Download or read book Puerto Rico in the American Century written by César J. Ayala and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009-06-23 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a comprehensive overview of Puerto Rico's history and evolution since the installation of U.S. rule, Cesar Ayala and Rafael Bernabe connect the island's economic, political, cultural, and social past. Puerto Rico in the American Century explores Puerto Ricans in the diaspora as well as the island residents, who experience an unusual and daily conundrum: they consider themselves a distinct people but are part of the American political system; they have U.S. citizenship but are not represented in the U.S. Congress; and they live on land that is neither independent nor part of the United States. Highlighting both well-known and forgotten figures from Puerto Rican history, Ayala and Bernabe discuss a wide range of topics, including literary and cultural debates and social and labor struggles that previous histories have neglected. Although the island's political economy remains dependent on the United States, the authors also discuss Puerto Rico's situation in light of world economies. Ayala and Bernabe argue that the inability of Puerto Rico to shake its colonial legacy reveals the limits of free-market capitalism, a break from which would require a renewal of the long tradition of labor and social activism in Puerto Rico in connection with similar currents in the United States.

The Young Lords

Author : Johanna Fernández
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469653451
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis The Young Lords by : Johanna Fernández

Download or read book The Young Lords written by Johanna Fernández and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of America's escalating urban rebellions in the 1960s, an unexpected cohort of New York radicals unleashed a series of urban guerrilla actions against the city's racist policies and contempt for the poor. Their dramatic flair, uncompromising socialist vision for a new society, skillful ability to link local problems to international crises, and uncompromising vision for a new society riveted the media, alarmed New York's political class, and challenged nationwide perceptions of civil rights and black power protest. The group called itself the Young Lords. Utilizing oral histories, archival records, and an enormous cache of police surveillance files released only after a decade-long Freedom of Information Law request and subsequent court battle, Johanna Fernandez has written the definitive account of the Young Lords, from their roots as a Chicago street gang to their rise and fall as a political organization in New York. Led by poor and working-class Puerto Rican youth, and consciously fashioned after the Black Panther Party, the Young Lords occupied a hospital, blocked traffic with uncollected garbage, took over a church, tested children for lead poisoning, defended prisoners, fought the military police, and fed breakfast to poor children. Their imaginative, irreverent protests and media conscious tactics won reforms, popularized socialism in the United States and exposed U.S. mainland audiences to the country's quiet imperial project in Puerto Rico. Fernandez challenges what we think we know about the sixties. She shows that movement organizers were concerned with finding solutions to problems as pedestrian as garbage collection and the removal of lead paint from tenement walls; gentrification; lack of access to medical care; childcare for working mothers; and the warehousing of people who could not be employed in deindustrialized cities. The Young Lords' politics and preoccupations, especially those concerning the rise of permanent unemployment foretold the end of the American Dream. In riveting style, Fernandez demonstrates how the Young Lords redefined the character of protest, the color of politics, and the cadence of popular urban culture in the age of great dreams.

Free Puerto Rico

Author : Pedro Albizu Campos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781105772696
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (726 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Puerto Rico by : Pedro Albizu Campos

Download or read book Free Puerto Rico written by Pedro Albizu Campos and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pedro Albizu Campos (September 12, 1891 - April 21, 1965) was a Puerto Rican attorney and politician, and the leading figure in the Puerto Rican independence movement. Contained in this volume are the most prescient of his words on Puerto Rico, which to this day remains a subject of the United States of America.

Nationalist Heroines

Author : Olga Jiménez de Wagenheim
Publisher : Markus Wiener Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781558766198
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (661 download)

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Book Synopsis Nationalist Heroines by : Olga Jiménez de Wagenheim

Download or read book Nationalist Heroines written by Olga Jiménez de Wagenheim and published by Markus Wiener Publishers. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A group of Nationalists led by Pedro Albizu Campos made it clear that they would free Puerto Rico from colonial rule. A confrontation between the Nationalists and the colonial police in October 1935 left four Nationalists dead. Albizu Campos and seven of his aides were convicted on seditious charges and sent to a federal prison in Atlanta, Georgia. His followers attempted to hold a demonstration in Ponce, Albizu Campos' hometown, and were gunned down by the police: nineteen were killed and more than one hundred and fifty were wounded. Eight Nationalists then attempted to kill Governor, Blanton Winship. Back in Puerto Rico in 1947, Albizu Campos began to plan for a revolution, which he launched on October 30, 1950. A commando unit of five attacked the Governor's residence while others assaulted police stations in half a dozen cities and towns throughout the island. One woman (Doris Torresola) was shot while protecting her leader. The same day Blanca Canales was one of three to lead the revolt in Jayuya. Two days later, two Nationalists, residents of New York, attempted to kill, President Truman at Blair House, his temporary residence. Massive arrests followed and forty-one women were detained on suspicion they had conspired with the rebels. Two of the fifteen women indicted were sentenced to life in prison. Then, on March 1, 1954, another woman (Dolores Lebraon) led three male companions in the attack of the U.S. House of Representatives where five congressmen were shot for keeping Puerto Rico in bondage. Historians have largely overlooked the roles of these Nationalist women. Now the book, Nationalist Heroines: Puerto Rican Women History Forgot, 1930s-1950s seeks to rescue the stories of the women who gave up their freedom in search of freeing their homeland"--Provided by publisher.

Seams of Empire

Author : Carlos Alamo-Pastrana
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813065011
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Seams of Empire by : Carlos Alamo-Pastrana

Download or read book Seams of Empire written by Carlos Alamo-Pastrana and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A truly excellent contribution that unearths new and largely unknown evidence about relationships between Puerto Ricans and African-Americans and white Americans in the continental United States and Puerto Rico. Alamo-Pastrana revises how race is to be studied and understood across national, cultural, colonial, and hierarchical cultural relations.”—Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores, author of Locked In, Locked Out: Gated Communities in a Puerto Rican City Puerto Rico’s colonial relationship with the United States and its history of intermixture of native, African, and Spanish inhabitants has prompted inconsistent narratives about race and power in the colonial territory. Departing from these accounts, early twentieth-century writers, journalists, and activists scrutinized both Puerto Rico’s and the United States’s institutionalized racism and colonialism in an attempt to spur reform, leaving an archive of oft-overlooked political writings. In Seams of Empire, Carlos Alamo-Pastrana uses racial imbrication as a framework for reading this archive of little-known Puerto Rican, African American, and white American radicals and progressives, both on the island and the continental United States. By addressing the concealed power relations responsible for national, gendered, and class differences, this method of textual analysis reveals key symbolic and material connections between marginalized groups in both national spaces and traces the complexity of race, racism, and conflict on the edges of empire.

Luis Muñoz Marín

Author : A. W. Maldonado
Publisher : La Editorial, UPR
ISBN 13 : 9780847701582
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Luis Muñoz Marín by : A. W. Maldonado

Download or read book Luis Muñoz Marín written by A. W. Maldonado and published by La Editorial, UPR. This book was released on 2006 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the most important events in Muñoz's life, played out within his own internal "civil wars": the transformation from a young bohemian, succeding at nothing, to a political leader, spearheading the campaign to convince the jibaros not to sell their vote; the journey from an ardent independentista to a principal architect of today's Commonwealth; finally, the clash between Operation Bootstrap, that lifted the island from extreme poverty through industrialization, and Operation Serenity, an expression of his yearning for socialist values and humanitarian civilization."--Jacket.

The Sovereign Colony

Author : Antonio Sotomayor
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803278810
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sovereign Colony by : Antonio Sotomayor

Download or read book The Sovereign Colony written by Antonio Sotomayor and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2016-02-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An examination of the development of the Olympic movement in Puerto Rico in the context of national and political identity"--

Foreign in a Domestic Sense

Author : Christina Duffy Burnett
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822381168
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Foreign in a Domestic Sense by : Christina Duffy Burnett

Download or read book Foreign in a Domestic Sense written by Christina Duffy Burnett and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-20 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking study of American imperialism, leading legal scholars address the problem of the U.S. territories. Foreign in a Domestic Sense will redefine the boundaries of constitutional scholarship. More than four million U.S. citizens currently live in five “unincorporated” U.S. territories. The inhabitants of these vestiges of an American empire are denied full representation in Congress and cannot vote in presidential elections. Focusing on Puerto Rico, the largest and most populous of the territories, Foreign in a Domestic Sense sheds much-needed light on the United States’ unfinished colonial experiment and its legacy of racially rooted imperialism, while insisting on the centrality of these “marginal” regions in any serious treatment of American constitutional history. For one hundred years, Puerto Ricans have struggled to define their place in a nation that neither wants them nor wants to let them go. They are caught in a debate too politicized to yield meaningful answers. Meanwhile, doubts concerning the constitutionality of keeping colonies have languished on the margins of mainstream scholarship, overlooked by scholars outside the island and ignored by the nation at large. This book does more than simply fill a glaring omission in the study of race, cultural identity, and the Constitution; it also makes a crucial contribution to the study of American federalism, serves as a foundation for substantive debate on Puerto Rico’s status, and meets an urgent need for dialogue on territorial status between the mainlandd and the territories. Contributors. José Julián Álvarez González, Roberto Aponte Toro, Christina Duffy Burnett, José A. Cabranes, Sanford Levinson, Burke Marshall, Gerald L. Neuman, Angel R. Oquendo, Juan Perea, Efrén Rivera Ramos, Rogers M. Smith, E. Robert Statham Jr., Brook Thomas, Richard Thornburgh, Juan R. Torruella, José Trías Monge, Mark Tushnet, Mark Weiner

The East Turkestan Independence Movement, 1930s to 1940s

Author : Wang Ke
Publisher : The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press
ISBN 13 : 9629967693
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The East Turkestan Independence Movement, 1930s to 1940s by : Wang Ke

Download or read book The East Turkestan Independence Movement, 1930s to 1940s written by Wang Ke and published by The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on rare firsthand historical data, Wang Ke presents the analysis of the East Turkestan from the perspective of Islamic social structure, the origin and evolution of thoughts on national revolution, the power structure of the Republic, and international politics. The original Japanese edition of this book has been recognized as the most authoritative research work on the independence movement of East Turkestan. This revised, enriched English edition provides valuable references for the prominent issues of Xinjiang today. "For those intrigued by the modern history of China's Xinjiang region, this detailed study of the 1940s invites the reader to explore a tempestuous decade marked by conflict and turmoil as Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other ethnic groups sought to form an independent state, the East Turkestan Republic. Understanding the complex involvement of powerful outside forces, a brutal world war, and an opportunity for groups that saw a chance at independence requires careful examination, and Professor Wang's book does an admirable job in doing so. His exceptionally wellwritten book offers numerous insights, many based on materials that range from diaries and documents to memoirs and personal interviews. Altogether, Wang's recently translated account strengthens our understanding of Xinjiang's mid20th century conundrum.”--Linda Benson, Professor Emerita, Oakland University