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The Potential For Ozone Depletion In Solid Rocket Motor Plumes By Heterogeneous Chemistry
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Book Synopsis The Potential for Ozone Depletion in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes by Heterogeneous Chemistry by :
Download or read book The Potential for Ozone Depletion in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes by Heterogeneous Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rates of ozone decomposition on aluminum oxide (alumina) particles were measured in a flow tube reactor equipped with molecular beam sampling mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and in a static reaction cell equipped with ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. Reaction probabilities eta are reported for ozone on alpha-alumina, gamma-alumina, and chromatographic alumina (hydroxylated alumina), respectively, over the temperature range -60 to 200 degrees C. This work addresses the potential for stratospheric ozone depletion by launch vehicle solid rocket motor exhaust. Considering best estimates of plume particle size distributions and dispersion rates, we calculate ozone depletion profiles, for direct decomposition on alumina only. The calculated ozone holes are rather narrow. In the worst case, ozone levels are within 5x10(exp -5) of ambient in the center of the plume. A simple analysis of the global impact of alumina particles on 9 ozone decomposition indicates a potential steady-state daytime depletion of
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Chemistry in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes by :
Download or read book Heterogeneous Chemistry in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reaction rates of ozone decomposition and adsorption/desorption rates of HCl on aluminum oxide (alumina) particles were measured by a new technique involving real-time ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy in a static reactor. Reaction probabilities eta are reported for ozone on alpha-alumina, gamma-alumina, and chromatographic alumina (hydoxylated alumina), respectively, over the temperature range -60 to 200 deg C. These measurements expand on previous measurements from this group using a flow tube reactor. The adsortion/desorption kinetics is a new effort that addresses the key issue of whether heterogeneous chemistry, such as the reaction HCl + ClONO2 --> Cl2 + HNO3, on alumina particles is a significant reaction mechanism for global stratospheric ozone depletion.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust by :
Download or read book Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emissions from solid rocket motors (SRMs) include hydrogen chloride vapor (HCl) and other inorganic chlorine compounds, as well as aluminum oxide particles. The effects of these emissions on stratospheric ozone have been investigated by Prather et al. 1, Pyle2, and others. Even though such effects are not evident from satellite observations following a Space Shuttle launch 3, it is possible for the perturbation to be quite pronounced in the immediate neighborhood of the rocket plume.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Effects of Chemical Rocket Propulsion by : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Download or read book Atmospheric Effects of Chemical Rocket Propulsion written by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computer Model Predictions of the Local Effects of Large, Solid-Fuel Rocket Motors on Stratospheric Ozone by :
Download or read book Computer Model Predictions of the Local Effects of Large, Solid-Fuel Rocket Motors on Stratospheric Ozone written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solid-fuel rocket motors of large space launch vehicles release gases and particles that may significantly affect stratospheric ozone densities along the vehicle's path. In this study, standard rocket nozzle and flowfield computer codes have been used to characterize the exhaust gases and particles through the afterburning region of the solid-fuel motors of the Titan IV launch vehicle. The models predict that a large fraction of the HCl gas exhausted by the motors is converted to Cl and Cl2 in the plume afterburning region. Estimates of the subsequent chemistry suggest that on expansion into the ambient daytime stratosphere, the highly reactive chlorine may significantly deplete ozone in a cylinder around the vehicle track that ranges from 1 to 5 km in diameter over the altitude range of 15 to 40 km. The initial ozone depletion is estimated to occur on a time scale of less than 1 hour. After the initial effects, the dominant chemistry of the problem changes, and new models are needed to follow the further expansion, or closure, of the ozone hole on a longer time scale. Ozone, Stratosphere, Solid fuel, Afterburning, Rocket, Plume, Chlorine, Titan-IV, Environment.
Book Synopsis Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap by :
Download or read book Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a research program consisting of laboratory and field measurements investigating the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics of the impacts of rocket motor exhausts on upper atmospheric chemical cycles and ozone. The experimental investigation employs a laboratory quadrupole trap electrodynamic levitation apparatus to study heterogeneous processes on single aluminum oxide particles representative of those exhausted into the atmosphere by solid rocket motors. We have investigated the activities of different types of aluminum oxide particles for uptake of gas-phase H2O and HCl. The particle types investigated were alpha-Al2O3, gamma-Al2O3, H2SO4-treated alpha-Al2O3, H2SO4-treated gamma-Al2O3, and metastable aluminum oxide formed by rapid cooling from molten Al2O3 in a shock tube, analogous to particle processing in a rocket exhaust nozzle. Particles were treated with H2SO4 by vapor deposition in an oven. The kinetic measurements consisted of independent, simultaneous observations of mass uptake and particle size increase upon exposure of single particles to fixed concentrations of H2O or HCl in slowly flowing gas mixtures at 1 atm and temperatures from 300 K to 190 K. alpha-Al2O3 and gamma-Al2O3 were essentially inert toward H2O and HCl uptake, however they readily adsorbed monolayer-equivalent levels of H2SO4 vapor, and H2SO4-coated and metastable particles were active toward H2O and HCI uptake. The measured uptake efficiencies imply fast reaction rates within rocket exhaust plumes, potentially leading to CCN behavior as well as heterogeneous chlorine activation by these particles. The field measurements consisted of in situ ozone mixing ratio measurements on the NASA WB57-F high altitude aircraft, as part of a suite of instrumentation designed to characterize the chemistry and dynamics of rocket exhaust plumes in the lower stratosphere.
Book Synopsis Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Commercial Launch Vehicles by :
Download or read book Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Commercial Launch Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Cassini Mission by :
Download or read book Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Cassini Mission written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference by : Ann F. Whitaker
Download or read book Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference written by Ann F. Whitaker and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 92-3365 - 92-3399 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere by : Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Download or read book Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere written by Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-17 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants. - Serves as a graduate textbook and "must have" reference for all atmospheric scientists - Provides more than 5000 references to the literature through the end of 1998 - Presents tables of new actinic flux data for the troposphere and stratospher (0-40km) - Summarizes kinetic and photochemical date for the troposphere and stratosphere - Features problems at the end of most chapters to enhance the book's use in teaching - Includes applications of the OZIPR box model with comprehensive chemistry for student use
Book Synopsis Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Program by :
Download or read book Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference by :
Download or read book Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Second Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference by :
Download or read book Second Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit by :
Download or read book 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 37th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit by :
Download or read book 37th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
