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The Politics Of Post Communist Pension Reform
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Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Pension Policy Reversal in Post-Communist Countries by : Sarah Wilson Sokhey
Download or read book The Political Economy of Pension Policy Reversal in Post-Communist Countries written by Sarah Wilson Sokhey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how and why policies are reversed by focusing on post-communist backtracking on pension privatization.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Post-communist Pension Reform by : Sarah Elizabeth Wilson Sokhey
Download or read book The Politics of Post-communist Pension Reform written by Sarah Elizabeth Wilson Sokhey and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The findings have important implications for three areas of research---lobbying, the politics of economic reform, and the welfare state. First, this research counters welfare state research in which demographics are thought to be the primary determining factor in reform. Although demographic conditions like aging populations get pension reform onto the political agenda, they do not determine the ultimate policy outcomes. Second, this research indicates that the lobbying efforts of certain businesses will be less successful in more democratic contexts. Indeed, a central finding of this dissertation is that money only buys power some of the time.
Book Synopsis How Politics and Institutions Affect Pension Reform in Three Postcommunist Countries by : Mitchell Alexander Orenstein
Download or read book How Politics and Institutions Affect Pension Reform in Three Postcommunist Countries written by Mitchell Alexander Orenstein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During reform's three phases (commitment-building, coalition building, and implementation) there are tradeoffs among inclusiveness (of process), radicalism (of reform), and participation in, and compliance with the new system. Including more and more various veto and proposal actors, early in the deliberative process, may increase buy-in and compliance when pension reform is implemented but at the expense of faster and greater change.
Book Synopsis Postcommunist Welfare States by : Linda J. Cook
Download or read book Postcommunist Welfare States written by Linda J. Cook and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990s, the countries of the former Soviet Bloc faced an urgent need to reform the systems by which they delivered broad, basic social welfare to their citizens. Inherited systems were inefficient and financially unsustainable. Linda J. Cook here explores the politics and policy of social welfare from 1990 to 2004 in the Russian Federation, Poland, Hungary, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Most of these countries, she shows, tried to institute reforms based on a liberal paradigm of reduced entitlements and subsidies, means-testing, and privatization. But these proposals provoked opposition from pro-welfare interests, and the politics of negotiating change varied substantially from one political arena to another. In Russia, for example, liberalizing reform was blocked for a decade. Only as Vladimir Putin rose to power did the country change its inherited welfare system. Cook finds that the impact of economic pressures on welfare was strongly mediated by domestic political factors, including the level of democratization and balance of pro- and anti-reform political forces. Postcommunist welfare politics throughout Russia and Eastern Europe, she shows, are marked by the large role played by bureaucratic welfare stakeholders who were left over from the communist period and, in weak states, by the development of informal processes in social sectors.
Book Synopsis How Politics and Institutions Affect Pension Reform in Three Postcommunist Countries by : Mitchell A. Orenstein
Download or read book How Politics and Institutions Affect Pension Reform in Three Postcommunist Countries written by Mitchell A. Orenstein and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During reform's three pha ...
Book Synopsis Policy Reform and the Development of Democracy in Eastern Europe by : Chris Hasselmann
Download or read book Policy Reform and the Development of Democracy in Eastern Europe written by Chris Hasselmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating the international pressures emanating from the Washington Consensus with an analysis of domestic interest representation, this book explores the political consequences of privatization and the progress of democracy in Eastern Europe. Chris Hasselmann investigates whether the issue of pension reform offers a natural controlled experiment with which to explore both issues throughout the region and the former Soviet Union. The volume will prove of value to those with an interest in public policy and governance issues, the politics of Eastern Europe and political theory more generally.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Pension Reform in Central and Eastern Europe by : Oana Armeanu
Download or read book The Politics of Pension Reform in Central and Eastern Europe written by Oana Armeanu and published by Red Globe Press. This book was released on 2010-12-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when pension reform is intensely debated all over the world, postcommunist countries have accomplished some of the most radical reforms, yet with notable differences among them. Why did some Central and Eastern European countries achieve major reforms while others have struggled to overcome domestic opposition? The Politics of Pension Reform in Central and Eastern Europe reveals unexpected patterns of political party competition that shed light on this essential question of pension politics. Using a comparative analysis of Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia this study shows that nationalist parties are the strongest opponents to reform, while the social democrats play a pivotal role between the pro-reform liberals and the anti-reform nationalists. The This book argues that the most resilient to reform are the occupational privileges inherited from the communist regime.
Book Synopsis Pension Reforms in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe by : Igor Guardiancich
Download or read book Pension Reforms in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe written by Igor Guardiancich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces and analyzes the legislation and implementation of pension reforms in four Central, Eastern and Southeastern European countries: Croatia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. By comparing the political economy of their policymaking processes, it seeks to pinpoint regularities between institutional settings, actor constellations, decision-making strategies and reform. Guardiancich employs a historical institutionalist framework to analyze the policies, actors and institutions that characterized the period between the collapse of socialism and the global financial crisis of 2008-2011. He argues that viable pension reforms should not be seen simply as an event, but rather as a continuing process that must be fiscally, socially and politically sustainable. In particular, the primary goal of a pension scheme is to reduce poverty, provide adequate retirement income and insure against the risks of old age within given fiscal constraints, and this will happen only if the scheme enjoys continuing political support at all levels. To this end the author individuates those institutional characteristics of countries that increase the consistency of reforms and lower the likelihood of policy reversals in time. Pension Reforms in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, political economy, social policy and economics.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Pension Reform by : Giuliano Bonoli
Download or read book The Politics of Pension Reform written by Giuliano Bonoli and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-14 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative study of European countries' efforts to reform pension systems in the context of ageing populations.
Book Synopsis Shocking Mother Russia by : Andrea M. Chandler
Download or read book Shocking Mother Russia written by Andrea M. Chandler and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the reform process of the old age pension system in Russia, from its Soviet origins to the Putin era, Shocking Mother Russia adds significantly to the growing body of literature on comparative social policy and the political challenges of pension reform. Andrea Chandler explains why Russia's old-age pension system went into decline after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, even though it was a prominent issue in the political arena at the outset of the post-communist transition. While tracing the roots of the system's difficulties to the Soviet Union's first efforts to establish a national social welfare system after 1917, Chandler nonetheless devotes the bulk of her study to the period from 1990 to 2001. While political factors impeded reform for much of this eleven-year period, ultimately Russia's striking policy reversals provide a case study for developing nations. In 1990, a new Russian pension law was adopted during the Soviet reform process of perestroika. The system was again significantly altered in 2001 when a market-reform-oriented package of pension legislation was passed. Shocking Mother Russia places the Russian experience in comparative perspective, and suggests lessons for pension reform derived from analysis of the Russian case.
Book Synopsis Post-Communist Welfare Pathways by : Alfio Cerami
Download or read book Post-Communist Welfare Pathways written by Alfio Cerami and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-10-29 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book adopts novel theoretical approaches to study the diverse welfare pathways that have evolved across Central and Eastern Europe since the end of communism. It highlights the role of explanatory factors such as micro-causal mechanisms, power politics, path departure, and elite strategies.
Book Synopsis Reforming the State by : János Kornai
Download or read book Reforming the State written by János Kornai and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume, first published in 2001, examine fiscal policy-making and providing for social welfare in post-socialist countries.
Book Synopsis From Triumph to Crisis by : Hilary Appel
Download or read book From Triumph to Crisis written by Hilary Appel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The postcommunist countries were amongst the most fervent and committed adopters of neoliberal economic reforms. Not only did they manage to overcome the anticipated domestic opposition to 'shock therapy' and Washington Consensus reforms, but many fulfilled the membership requirements of the European Union and even adopted avant-garde neoliberal reforms like the flat tax and pension privatization. Neoliberalism in the postcommunist countries went farther and lasted longer than expected, but why? Unlike pre-existing theories based on domestic political-economic struggles, this book focuses on the imperatives of re-insertion into the international economy. Appel and Orenstein show how countries engaged in 'competitive signaling', enacting reforms in order to attract foreign investment. This signaling process explains the endurance and intensification of neoliberal reform in these countries for almost two decades, from 1989–2008, and its decline thereafter, when inflows of capital into the region suddenly dried up. This book will interest students of political economy and Eastern European and Eurasian politics.
Book Synopsis Small Transformations by : János Mátyás Kovács
Download or read book Small Transformations written by János Mátyás Kovács and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2003 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: East-Central Europe is about to bring its welfare reforms to the European Union. Nevertheless, in the course of the Accession, one could hardly fix the European standards of social policy or examine to what degree the newcomers may have approached them. Evidently, there has always been a variety of welfare regimes in the EU. Moreover, today's experts in post-communist countries do not find stable policies and institutional arrangements in the West but rather another reform process, the "domestication" of the classical welfare states. True, the general trends are not dissimilar: partial retrenchment, decentralization, marketisation and privatisation of public welfare services, as well as an upsurge of the voluntary sector, are the main characteristic features of regulating welfare on both sides of the former Iron Curtain. These issues are addressed by the contributors of this volume, leading representatives of their professions, in an unprecedented way. In avoiding the convenient cliche
Book Synopsis Divide and Pacify by : Pieter Vanhuysse
Download or read book Divide and Pacify written by Pieter Vanhuysse and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite dramatic increases in poverty, unemployment, and social inequalities, the Central and Eastern European transitions from communism to market democracy in the 1990s have been remarkably peaceful. This book proposes a new explanation for this unexpected political quiescence. It shows how reforming governments in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic have been able to prevent massive waves of strikes and protests by the strategic use of welfare state programs such as pensions and unemployment benefits. Divide and Pacify explains how social policies were used to prevent massive job losses with softening labor market policies, or to split up highly aggrieved groups of workers in precarious jobs by sending some of them onto unemployment benefits and many others onto early retirement and disability pensions. From a narrow economic viewpoint, these policies often appeared to be immensely costly or irresponsibly populist. Yet a more inclusive social-scientific perspective can shed new light on these seemingly irrational policies by pointing to deeper political motives and wider sociological consequences. Divide and Pacify contains a provocative thesis about the manner in which political strategy was used to consolidate democracy in post-communist Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic. Pieter Vanhuysse develops a tight argument emphasizing the strategic use of welfare and unemployment compensation policies by a government to nip potential collective action against it in the bud. By breaking up social networks that might otherwise facilitate protest, through unemployment and induced early retirement, governments were able to survive otherwise difficult economic circumstances. This novel argument linking economics, politics, sociology, and demography should stimulate wide-ranging debate about the strategic uses of social policy.
Book Synopsis Highway and Byways by : János Kornai
Download or read book Highway and Byways written by János Kornai and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hungarian economist Janos Kornai first used the metaphor of a single path to postsocialist transition in his earlier book, The Road to a Free Economy. The new metaphor that frames this collection of eight recent studies reflects a broader perspective and understanding of the complexities of transition: every highway and byway leads eventually to capitalism, Kornai observes, but to what kind, how fast, and at what cost? Who wins and who loses? Kornai draws from his experiences of Hungarian reform as well as from countries of the former Soviet Union to make several major points. The first three studies describe what went wrong in countries that tried to mix elements of planned and market economies. Efforts made by communist countries to introduce market socialism (the "middle road") contained an inherent contradiction between the logic of socialism and the logic of a free enterprise system, and were doomed to failure. In the studies that follow, Kornai analyzes the on-going dilemmas. The transition from communism to free enterprise is filled with daunting hurdles; it requires no less than redefining ownership, changing values concerning the distribution of wealth, transferring the control of political power, creating financial institutions and enforcing financial discipline, and making deep economic sacrifice. Kornai closes with an overall survey of postsocialist transition, describing the stages that countries tend to go through, that will be particularly useful to scholars of comparative economic systems.
Book Synopsis Dividing the Spoils by : Ethan B. Kapstein
Download or read book Dividing the Spoils written by Ethan B. Kapstein and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gains from the transition in post-communist Russia were captured by the new managerial class, which won rents from the state in the form of privatized enterprises, state subsidies, credits, and opportunities for tax evasion. Those rents reduced state revenues that could have supported social policy - including pension reform, which in turn could have fueled industrial restructuring. With neither pension reform nor industrial restructuring, Russia's economy has continued to shrink. Kapstein and Milanovic present a political economy model in which policy is the outcome of an interaction between three actors: government (G), managers and workers (W), and transfer recipients (P). The government's objective is to stay in power, for which it needs the support of either P or W. It can choose slow privatization with little asset stripping and significant taxation, thus protecting the fiscal base out of which it pays pensioners relatively well (as in Poland). Or it can give away assets and tax exemptions to managers and workers, who then bankroll it and deliver the vote, but it thereby loses taxes and pays little to pensioners (as in Russia). The authors apply this model to Russia for the period 1992-96. An empirical analysis of electoral behavior in the 1996 presidential election shows that the likelihood of someone voting for Yeltsin did not depend on that person's socioeconomic group per se. Those who tended to vote for Yeltsin were richer, younger, and better educated and had more favorable expectations of the future. Entrepreneurs, who had more of these characteristics, tended to vote for Yeltsin as a result, while pensioners, who had almost none, tended to vote against Yeltsin. Unlike Poland, Russia failed to create pluralist politics in the early years of the transition, so no effective counterbalance emerged to offset managerial rent-seeking and the state was easily captured by well-organized industrial interests. The political elite were reelected because industrial interests bankrolled their campaign in return for promises that government largesse would continue to flow. Russia shows vividly how political economy affects policymaking, because of how openly and flagrantly government granted favors in return for electoral support. But special interests, venal bureaucrats, and the exchange of favors tend to be the rule, not the exception, elsewhere as well. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the political economy of reform in transition countries. This study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project The Political Economy of Fiscal Policy in Transition Countries (RPO 682-52).
