The Political Failure Of Employment Policy 1945 1982

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The Political Failure of Employment Policy, 1945–1982

Author : Gary Mucciaroni
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822991608
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Failure of Employment Policy, 1945–1982 by : Gary Mucciaroni

Download or read book The Political Failure of Employment Policy, 1945–1982 written by Gary Mucciaroni and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This political history analyzes the failure of the United States to adopt viable employment policies, follows U.S. manpower training and employment policy from the 1946 Employment Act to the Job Training Partnership Act of 1982. Between these two landmarks of legislation in the War on Poverty, were attempts to create public service employment (PSE), the abortive Humphrey-Hawkins Act, and the beleaguered Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA).Mucciaroni's traces the impact of economic ideas and opinions on federal employment policy. Efforts at reform, he believes, are frustrated by the tension between economic liberty and social equality that restricts the role of government and holds workers themselves accountable for success or failure. Professional economists, especially Keynesians, have shaped the content and timing of policy innovations in such ways as to limit employment programs to a social welfare mission, rather than broader, positive economic objectives. As a result, neither labor nor management has been centrally involved in making policy, and employment programs have lacked a stable and organized constituency committed to their success. Finally, because of the fragmentation of U.S. political institutions, employment programs are not integrated with economic policy, are hampered by conflicting objectives, and are difficult to carry out effectively. As chronic unemployment and the United States' difficulties in the world marketplace continue to demand attention, the importance of Mucciaroni's subject will grow. For political scientists, economists, journalists, and activists, this book will be a rich resource in the ongoing debate about the deficiencies of liberalism and the best means of addressing one of the nation's most pressing social and political problems. Mucciaroni's provocative theoretical analysis is buttressed by several years' research at the U.S. Department of Labor, access to congressional hearings, reports, and debates, and interviews with policy makers and their staffs. It will interest all concerned with the history of liberal social policy in the postwar period.

Poverty in the United States [2 volumes]

Author : Gwendolyn Mink
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1576076083
Total Pages : 918 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty in the United States [2 volumes] by : Gwendolyn Mink

Download or read book Poverty in the United States [2 volumes] written by Gwendolyn Mink and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2004-11-22 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first interdisciplinary reference to cover the socioeconomic and political history, the movements, and the changing face of poverty in the United States. Poverty in the United States: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, and Policy follows the history of poverty in the United States with an emphasis on the 20th century, and examines the evolvement of public policy and the impact of critical movements in social welfare such as the New Deal, the War on Poverty, and, more recently, the "end of welfare as we know it." Encompassing the contributions of hundreds of experts, including historians, sociologists, and political scientists, this resource provides a much broader level of information than previous, highly selective works. With approximately 300 alphabetically-organized topics, it covers topics and issues ranging from affirmative action to the Bracero Program, the Great Depression, and living wage campaigns to domestic abuse and unemployment. Other entries describe and analyze the definitions and explanations of poverty, the relationship of the welfare state to poverty, and the political responses by the poor, middle-class professionals, and the policy elite.

The Handbook of Social Policy

Author : James Midgley
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1412950775
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Social Policy by : James Midgley

Download or read book The Handbook of Social Policy written by James Midgley and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Handbook of Social Policy' is a comprehensive examination of the development, implementation and impact of social policy. The contributors document the substantial body of knowledge about government social policies and their driving forces.

American Unemployment

Author : Frank Stricker
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 025205203X
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis American Unemployment by : Frank Stricker

Download or read book American Unemployment written by Frank Stricker and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of unemployment and concepts surrounding it remain a mystery to many Americans. Frank Stricker believes we need to understand this essential thread in our shared past. American Unemployment is an introduction for everyone that takes aim at misinformation, willful deceptions, and popular myths to set the record straight: Workers do not normally choose to be unemployed. In our current system, persistent unemployment is not an aberration. It is much more common than full employment, and the outcome of elite policy choices. Labor surpluses propped up by flawed unemployment numbers have helped to keep real wages stagnant for more than forty years. Prior to the New Deal and the era of big government, laissez-faire policies repeatedly led to depressions with heavy, even catastrophic, job losses. Undercounting the unemployed sabotages the creation of government job programs that can lead to more high-paying jobs and full employment. Written for non-economists, American Unemployment is a history and primer on vital economic topics that also provides a roadmap to better jobs and economic security.

Fraying Fabric

Author : James C. Benton
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252053664
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Fraying Fabric by : James C. Benton

Download or read book Fraying Fabric written by James C. Benton and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decline of the U.S. textile and apparel industries between the 1940s and 1970s helped lay the groundwork for the twenty-first century's potent economic populism in America. James C. Benton looks at how shortsighted trade and economic policy by labor, business, and government undermined an employment sector that once employed millions and supported countless communities. Starting in the 1930s, Benton examines how the New Deal combined promoting trade with weakening worker rights. He then moves to the ineffective attempts to aid textile and apparel workers even as imports surged, the 1974 pivot by policymakers and big business to institute lowered trade barriers, and the deindustrialization and economic devastation that followed. Throughout, Benton provides the often-overlooked views of workers, executives, and federal officials who instituted the United States’ policy framework in the 1930s and guided it through the ensuing decades. Compelling and comprehensive, Fraying Fabric explains what happened to textile and apparel manufacturing and how it played a role in today's politics of anger.

Commitment to Full Employment

Author : Aaron W. Warner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317474074
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Commitment to Full Employment by : Aaron W. Warner

Download or read book Commitment to Full Employment written by Aaron W. Warner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 15 papers collected in this book encompass important macroeconomic theories and policies espoused by 1996 Nobel laureate economist William S. Vickrey and his associates. Vickrey wrote a number of papers in the last few years of his life elucidating his "commitment to full employment" as a prerequisite for a decent standard of living for all. Drawing on the foundation of Vickrey's work, the contributors expand and elaborate on issues relative to full employment theory and policy, and on related macro-policy issues.

The President and American Capitalism since 1945

Author : Mark H. Rose
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813052076
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The President and American Capitalism since 1945 by : Mark H. Rose

Download or read book The President and American Capitalism since 1945 written by Mark H. Rose and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the many ways presidential actions have affected the development of capitalism in the post–World War II era. Contributors show how, since Harry S. Truman took office in 1945, the American "Consumer-in-Chief " has exerted a decisive hand as well as behind-the-scenes influence on the national economy. And, by extension, on the everyday lives of Americans. The Employment Act of 1946 expanded presidential responsibility to foster prosperity and grow the economy. However, the details and consequences of the president’s budget often remain obscured because of the budget’s size and complexity, perpetuating an illusion that presidents matter less than markets. Essays in this volume highlight the impact of presidential decisions on labor, gender discrimination, affirmative action, poverty, student loans, and retirement planning. They examine how a president can influence the credit card economy, the rebuilding of postindustrial cities, growth in the energy sector and the software industry, and even advances in genetic engineering. They also look at how economic gains in one particular area can have ramifications in other areas. National defense strategies have led to the privatization of weapons acquisition and the development of the modern research university to create a defensive brain trust among citizens. Policies aimed at supporting competitive American businesses—for example, in the biotech field—also affect the environment. This book is an important contribution to the history of capitalism, articulating how the president—by supporting policies that promote business growth in all sectors—has helped domestic companies expand internationally and added to a global image of the United States that is deeply intertwined with its leading corporations.

Work in America [2 volumes]

Author : Carl E. Van Horn
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1576076776
Total Pages : 780 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Work in America [2 volumes] by : Carl E. Van Horn

Download or read book Work in America [2 volumes] written by Carl E. Van Horn and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-12-15 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive analysis of work and the workforce in the United States, from the Industrial Revolution to the era of globalization. This comprehensive two-volume reference book is the first to analyze the central role of work and the workforce in U.S. life from the Industrial Revolution through today's information economy. Drawing on a variety of disciplines—economics, public policy, law, human and civil rights, cultural studies, and organizational psychology—its 256 entries examine key events, concepts, institutions, and individuals in labor history. Entries also tackle tough contemporary questions that reflect the conflicts inherent in capitalism. What is the impact of work on families and communities? On minority and immigrant populations? How shall we respond to changing work roles and the growing influence of the transnational corporation? Work in America describes and evaluates attempts to address social and class issues—affirmative action, occupational health and safety, corporate management science, and trade unionism and organized labor—and offers the kind of comprehensive understanding needed to discover workable solutions.

Globalization and the Politics of Pay

Author : Susan B. Hansen
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781589013292
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalization and the Politics of Pay by : Susan B. Hansen

Download or read book Globalization and the Politics of Pay written by Susan B. Hansen and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-23 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the American federal system, states actively compete for jobs, business investment, and factory locations. Labor costs have played an important role in such interstate competition since the days of the pre-Civil War plantation economy. In recent years, however, global economic trends have put added pressures on businesses and government to reduce labor costs. At least, that is what most politicians, the media, and the business community believe. Globalization and the Politics of Pay examines the economic, political, and social causes and consequences of declining wages in the United States. It challenges the conventional wisdom that globalization is to blame for the decline in workers' earnings. Susan B. Hansen presents a comprehensive analysis of the many factors affecting labor costs and concludes that many of them result from choices made by the states themselves through the laws and policies they enact. In addition, free-market ideologies and low voter turnout have had greater effects in keeping wages down than globalization. In fact, foreign trade and investment can actually result in higher pay in the state labor market. In this rigorous yet surprising study, Hansen develops new measures of state and federal labor costs to test competing theories of the consequences of reducing wages and benefits. Most economists would argue that higher labor costs cause higher unemployment, and that reducing labor costs will lead to higher levels of job creation. But citizens and elected officials must weigh any employment gains in lower-wage jobs against slower state economic growth, declining personal income, and a less-competitive position in international trade. Cutting state labor costs is shown to have adverse social consequences, including family instability, high crime rates, poverty, and low voter turnouts. The book concludes with policy recommendations for state governments trying to balance their need for more jobs with policies to enhance productivity, living standards, social stability, and international competitiveness.

Interests and Institutions

Author : Robert H. Salisbury
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822976889
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Interests and Institutions by : Robert H. Salisbury

Download or read book Interests and Institutions written by Robert H. Salisbury and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 1992-10-15 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest and Institutions is a collection of essays written by distinguished political scientist Robert Salsibury, a leading analyst of interest group politics. He offers his theories on the workings and influence of groups, organizations, and individuals in many different areas of American politics.

Workforce Development Politics

Author : Robert Giloth
Publisher : Temple University Press
ISBN 13 : 1439904588
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (399 download)

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Book Synopsis Workforce Development Politics by : Robert Giloth

Download or read book Workforce Development Politics written by Robert Giloth and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at local efforts to improve job training.

Clinton's Legacy

Author : A. Waddan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 140392015X
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinton's Legacy by : A. Waddan

Download or read book Clinton's Legacy written by A. Waddan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-12-06 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Clinton left office there was little consensus even among Democrats as to the significance of his political legacy. He was keen to stress that enduring changes had been made to American society. Critics, however, were less convinced that Clintonism had developed an integrated vision of governance. This book examines whether the Clinton experience does illustrate the value of the New Democrat and Third Way agenda.

Jobs for the Poor

Author : Timothy J. Bartik
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440285
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Jobs for the Poor by : Timothy J. Bartik

Download or read book Jobs for the Poor written by Timothy J. Bartik and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-06-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even as the United States enjoys a booming economy and historically low levels of unemployment, millions of Americans remain out of work or underemployed, and joblessness continues to plague many urban communities, racial minorities, and people with little education. In Jobs for the Poor, Timothy Bartik calls for a dramatic shift in the way the United States confronts this problem. Today, most efforts to address this problem focus on ways to make workers more employable, such as job training and welfare reform. But Bartik argues that the United States should put more emphasis on ways to increase the interest of employers in creating jobs for the poor—or the labor demand side of the labor market. Bartik's bases his case for labor demand policies on a comprehensive review of the low-wage labor market. He examines the effectiveness of government interventions in the labor market, such as Welfare Reform, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Welfare-to-Work programs, and asks if having a job makes a person more employable. Bartik finds that public service employment and targeted employer wage subsidies can increase employment among the poor. In turn, job experience significantly increases the poor's long-run earnings by enhancing their skills and reputation with employers. And labor demand policies can avoid causing inflation or displacing other workers by targeting high-unemployment labor markets and persons who would otherwise be unemployed. Bartik concludes by proposing a large-scale labor demand program. One component of the program would give a tax credit to employers in areas of high unemployment. To provide disadvantaged workers with more targeted help, Bartik also recommends offering short-term subsidies to employers—particularly small businesses and nonprofit organizations—that hire people who otherwise would be unlikely to find jobs. With experience from subsidized jobs, the new workers should find it easier to obtain future year-round employment. Although these efforts would not catapult poor families into the middle class overnight, Bartik offers a powerful argument that having a full-time worker in every household would help improve the lives of millions. Jobs for the Poor makes a compelling case that full employment can be achieved if the country has the political will and adopts policies that address both sides of the labor market. Copublished with the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Economic Research

New Poverty Studies

Author : Judith G. Goode
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814731163
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis New Poverty Studies by : Judith G. Goode

Download or read book New Poverty Studies written by Judith G. Goode and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stock market euphoria and blind faith in the post cold war economy have driven the topic of poverty from popular and scholarly discussion in the United States. At the same time the gap between the rich and poor has never been wider. The New Poverty Studies critically examines the new war against the poor that has accompanied the rise of the New Economy in the past two decades, and details the myriad ways poor people have struggled against it. The essays collected here explore how global, national, and local structures of power produce poverty and affect the material well-being, social relations and politicization of the poor. In updating the 1960s encounter between ethnography and U.S. poverty, The New Poverty Studies highlights the ways poverty is constructed across multiple scales and multiple axes of difference. Questioning the common wisdom that poverty persists because of the pathology, social isolation and welfare state "dependency" of the poor, the contributors to The New Poverty Studies point instead to economic restructuring and neoliberal policy "reforms" which have caused increased social inequality and economic polarization in the U.S. Contributors include: Georges Fouron, Donna Goldstein, Judith Goode, Susan B. Hyatt, Catherine Kingfisher, Peter Kwong, Vin Lyon-Callo, Jeff Maskovsky, Sandi Morgen, Leith Mullings, Frances Fox Piven, Matthew Rubin, Nina Glick Schiller, Carol Stack, Jill Weigt, Eve Weinbaum, Brett Williams, and Patricia Zavella. "These contributions provide a dynamic understanding of poverty and immiseration" —North American Dialogue, Vol. 4, No. 1, Nov. 2001

Stayin' Alive

Author : Jefferson Cowie
Publisher : The New Press
ISBN 13 : 1565848756
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (658 download)

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Book Synopsis Stayin' Alive by : Jefferson Cowie

Download or read book Stayin' Alive written by Jefferson Cowie and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An epic account of how middle-class America hit the rocks in the political and economic upheavals of the 1970s, this wide-ranging cultural and political history rewrites the 1970s as the crucial, pivotal era of our time. Jefferson Cowie’s edgy and incisive book—part political intrigue, part labor history, with large doses of American musical, film, and TV lore—makes new sense of the 1970s as a crucial and poorly understood transition from New Deal America (with its large, optimistic middle class) to the widening economic inequalities, poverty, and dampened expectations of the 1980s and into the present. Stayin’ Alive takes us from the factory floors of Ohio, Pittsburgh, and Detroit, to the Washington of Nixon, Ford, and Carter. Cowie also connects politics to culture, showing how the big screen and the jukebox can help us understand how America turned away from the radicalism of the 1960s and toward the patriotic promise of Ronald Reagan. Cowie makes unexpected connections between the secrets of the Nixon White House and the failings of George McGovern campaign; radicalism and the blue-collar backlash; the earthy twang of Merle Haggard’s country music and the falsetto highs of Saturday Night Fever. Like Jeff Perlstein’s acclaimed Nixonland, Stayin’ Alive moves beyond conventional understandings of the period and brilliantly plumbs it for insights into our current way of life.

The Hidden Welfare State

Author : Christopher Howard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400822416
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hidden Welfare State by : Christopher Howard

Download or read book The Hidden Welfare State written by Christopher Howard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1999-02-22 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite costing hundreds of billions of dollars and subsidizing everything from homeownership and child care to health insurance, tax expenditures (commonly known as tax loopholes) have received little attention from those who study American government. This oversight has contributed to an incomplete and misleading portrait of U.S. social policy. Here Christopher Howard analyzes the "hidden" welfare state created by such programs as tax deductions for home mortgage interest and employer-provided retirement pensions, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit. Basing his work on the histories of these four tax expenditures, Howard highlights the distinctive characteristics of all such policies. Tax expenditures are created more routinely and quietly than traditional social programs, for instance, and over time generate unusual coalitions of support. They expand and contract without deliberate changes to individual programs. Howard helps the reader to appreciate the historic links between the hidden welfare state and U.S. tax policy, which accentuate the importance of Congress and political parties. He also focuses on the reasons why individuals, businesses, and public officials support tax expenditures. The Hidden Welfare State will appeal to anyone interested in the origins, development, and structure of the American welfare state. Students of public finance will gain new insights into the politics of taxation. And as policymakers increasingly promote tax expenditures to address social problems, the book offers some sobering lessons about how such programs work.

The Politics of Problem Definition

Author : David A. Rochefort
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Problem Definition by : David A. Rochefort

Download or read book The Politics of Problem Definition written by David A. Rochefort and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the nexus of politics and policy development lies persistent conflict over where problems come from, what they signify, and, based on the answers to those questions, what kinds of solutions should be sought. Policy researchers call this process "problem definition." Written for both scholars and students, this book explains how and why social issues come to be defined in different ways, how these definitions are expressed in the world of politics, and what consequences these definitions have for government action and agenda-setting dynamics. The authors demonstrate in two theoretical chapters and seven provocative case studies how problem definition affects policymaking for high-profile social issues like AIDS, drugs, and sexual harassment as well as for problems like traffic congestion, plant closings, agricultural tax benefits, and air transportation. By examining the way social problems are framed for political discussion, the authors illuminate the unique impact of beliefs, values, ideas, and language on the public policymaking process and its outcomes. In so doing, they establish a common vocabulary for the study of problem definition; review and critique the insights of existing work on the topic; and identify directions for future research.