The Philosophy Of Necessity

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A Philosophy of Need

Author : Soran Reader
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 100923014X
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis A Philosophy of Need by : Soran Reader

Download or read book A Philosophy of Need written by Soran Reader and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-02 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appeals to need abound in everyday discussion. People make claims about their own needs all the time, and they do so in a way that suggests these should have a certain moral force. Needs also play an important role in contemporary popular discourse about social justice, climate change, obligations to future generations, dealing fairly with refugees, treating animals humanely, and critiques of consumerist lifestyles – to name just a few of the many examples. The idea of need is present in an increasing number of debates and domains. There is interest in need from several disciplines, not just philosophy, which also include psychology, economics, political science, social work and sociology. This volume, then, offers a fine introduction to an increasingly important concept in day-to-day life. In a new Foreword, Gillian Brock discusses the continuing significance of several innovative chapters in the book, indicating how they presaged new directions in philosophical conversation.

The Nature of Necessity

Author : Alvin Plantinga
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191037176
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Necessity by : Alvin Plantinga

Download or read book The Nature of Necessity written by Alvin Plantinga and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1978-02-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reissue of a book which is an exploration and defence of the notion of modality 'de re', the idea that objects have both essential and accidental properties. It is one of the first full-length studies of the modalities to emerge from the debate to which Saul Kripke, David Lewis, Ruth Marcus and others have contributed. The argument is developed by means of the notion of possible worlds, and ranges over key problems including the nature of essence, trans-world identity, negative existential propositions, and the existence of unactual objects in other possible worlds. In the final chapters Professor Plantinga applies his logical theories to the clarification of two problems in the philosophy of religion - the Problem of Evil and the Ontological Argument.

Logic of Moral Science

Author : John Stuart Mill
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486841979
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (868 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic of Moral Science by : John Stuart Mill

Download or read book Logic of Moral Science written by John Stuart Mill and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Stuart Mill (1806–73) was the most influential English philosopher of the nineteenth century. His vast intellectual output covered a range of subjects — traditional philosophy and logic, economics, political science — and included this work, a founding document in the area now known as social science. In The Logic of the Moral Sciences, Mill applied his considerable talents to examining how the study of human behavior, society, and history could be established on a rational, philosophical basis. The philosopher maintains that casual empiricism and direct experiment are not applicable to the study of complex social phenomena. Instead, "empirical laws," drawn from historical generalizations, must be derivable from a deductive science of human nature. Mills' insights and approaches have remained relevant in the century and a half since this treatise's publication. This volume will prove of vital interest to historians of philosophy and the social sciences as well as to undergraduate social science majors.

Naming and Necessity

Author : Saul A. Kripke
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674598461
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (984 download)

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Book Synopsis Naming and Necessity by : Saul A. Kripke

Download or read book Naming and Necessity written by Saul A. Kripke and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Ever since the publication of its original version, Naming and Necessity has had great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in particular of naming, and of identity. From a critique of the dominant tendency to assimilate names to descriptions and more generally to treat their reference as a function of their Fregean sense, surprisingly deep and widespread consequences may be drawn. The largely discredited distinction between accidental and essential properties, both of individual things (including people) and of kinds of things, is revived. So is a consequent view of science as what seeks out the essences of natural kinds. Traditional objections to such views are dealt with by sharpening distinctions between epistemic and metaphysical necessity; in particular by the startling admission of necessary a posteriori truths. From these, in particular from identity statements using rigid designators whether of things or of kinds, further remarkable consequences are drawn for the natures of things, of people, and of kinds; strong objections follow, for example to identity versions of materialism as a theory of the mind. This seminal work, to which today's thriving essentialist metaphysics largely owes its impetus, is here published with a substantial new Preface by the author.

Necessity Lost

Author : Sanford Shieh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192568809
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Necessity Lost by : Sanford Shieh

Download or read book Necessity Lost written by Sanford Shieh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long tradition, going back to Aristotle, conceives of logic in terms of necessity and possibility: a deductive argument is correct if it is not possible for the conclusion to be false when the premises are true. A relatively unknown feature of the analytic tradition in philosophy is that, at its very inception, this venerable conception of the relation between logic and necessity and possibility - the concepts of modality - was put into question. The founders of analytic philosophy, Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell, held that these concepts are empty: there are no genuine distinctions among the necessary, the possible, and the actual. In this book, the first of two volumes, Sanford Shieh investigates the grounds of this position and its consequences for Frege's and Russell's conceptions of logic. The grounds lie in doctrines on truth, thought, and knowledge, as well as on the relation between mind and reality, that are central to the philosophies of Frege and Russell, and are of enduring philosophical interest. The upshot of this opposition to modality is that logic is fundamental, and, to be coherent, modal concepts would have to be reconstructed in logical terms. This rejection of modality in early analytic philosophy remains of contemporary significance, though the coherence of modal concepts is rarely questioned nowadays because it is generally assumed that suspicion of modality derives from logical positivism, which has not survived philosophical scrutiny. The anti-modal arguments of Frege and Russell, however, have nothing to do with positivism and remain a challenge to the contemporary acceptance of modal notions.

Norms and Necessity

Author : Amie L. Thomasson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019009821X
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms and Necessity by : Amie L. Thomasson

Download or read book Norms and Necessity written by Amie L. Thomasson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Claims about what is metaphysically necessary or possible have long played a central role in metaphysics and other areas of philosophy. Such claims are traditionally thought of as aiming to describe a special kind of modal fact or property, or perhaps facts about other possible worlds. But that assumption leads to difficult ontological, epistemological, and methodological puzzles. Should we accept that there are modal facts or properties, or other possible worlds? If so, what could these things be? How could we come to know what the modal facts or properties are? How can we resolve philosophical debates about what is metaphysically necessary or possible? Norms and Necessity develops a new approach to understanding our claims about metaphysical possibility and necessity: Modal Normativism. The Normativist rejects the assumption that modal claims aim to describe modal features or possible worlds, arguing instead that they serve as useful ways of conveying, reasoning with, and renegotiating semantic rules and their consequences. By dropping the descriptivist assumption, the Normativist is able to unravel the notorious ontological problems of modality, and provide a clear and plausible story about how we can come to know what is metaphysically necessary or possible. Most importantly, this approach helps demystify philosophical methodology. It reveals that resolving metaphysical modal questions does not require a special form of philosophical insight or intuition. Instead, it requires nothing more mysterious than empirical knowledge, conceptual mastery, and an ability to explicitly convey and renegotiate semantic rules.

Self-Defense, Necessity, and Punishment

Author : Uwe Steinhoff
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000727475
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Defense, Necessity, and Punishment by : Uwe Steinhoff

Download or read book Self-Defense, Necessity, and Punishment written by Uwe Steinhoff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a philosophical analysis of the moral and legal justifications for the use of force. While the book focuses on the ethics self-defense, it also explores its relation to lesser evil justifications, public authority, the justification of punishment, and the ethics of war. Steinhoff’s account of the moral use of force covers a wide range of topics, including the nature of justification in general, the precise elements of different justifications, the logic of claim- and liberty-rights and of rights forfeiture, the value of human life and its limits, and the principles of reciprocity and precaution. While the author’s analysis is primarily philosophical, it is informed by a metaethical stance that also places heavy emphasis on existing law and legal scholarship. In doing so, the book appeals to widely shared moral intuitions, precepts, and concepts grounded in criminal law. Self-Defense, Necessity, and Punishment offers the most comprehensive and systematic account of the ethics of self-defense. It will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working in applied ethics and moral philosophy, philosophy of law, and political philosophy.

The Philosophy of Necessity

Author : Charles Bray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Necessity by : Charles Bray

Download or read book The Philosophy of Necessity written by Charles Bray and published by . This book was released on 1863 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Logical Modalities from Aristotle to Carnap

Author : Max Cresswell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316760456
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Logical Modalities from Aristotle to Carnap by : Max Cresswell

Download or read book Logical Modalities from Aristotle to Carnap written by Max Cresswell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the metaphysics and logic of possible worlds goes back at least as far as Aristotle, but few books address the history of these important concepts. This volume offers new essays on the theories about the logical modalities (necessity and possibility) held by leading philosophers from Aristotle in ancient Greece to Rudolf Carnap in the twentieth century. The story begins with an illuminating discussion of Aristotle's views on the connection between logic and metaphysics, continues through the Stoic and mediaeval (including Arabic) traditions, and then moves to the early modern period with particular attention to Locke and Leibniz. The views of Kant, Peirce, C. I. Lewis and Carnap complete the volume. Many of the essays illuminate the connection between the historical figures studied, and recent or current work in the philosophy of modality. The result is a rich and wide-ranging picture of the history of the logical modalities.

Nature and Necessity in Spinoza's Philosophy

Author : Don Garrett
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190880007
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature and Necessity in Spinoza's Philosophy by : Don Garrett

Download or read book Nature and Necessity in Spinoza's Philosophy written by Don Garrett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinoza's guiding commitment to the thesis that nothing exists or occurs outside of the scope of nature and its necessary laws makes him one of the great seventeenth-century exemplars of both philosophical naturalism and explanatory rationalism. Nature and Necessity in Spinoza's Philosophy brings together for the first time eighteen of Don Garrett's articles on Spinoza's philosophy, ranging over the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, ethics, and political philosophy. Taken together, these influential articles provide a comprehensive interpretation of that philosophy, including Spinoza's theories of substance, thought and extension, causation, truth, knowledge, individuation, representation, consciousness, conatus, teleology, emotion, freedom, responsibility, virtue, contract, the state, and eternity-and the deep interrelations among them. Each article aims to resolve significant problems in the understanding of Spinoza's philosophy in such a way as to make evident both his reasons for his views and the enduring value of his ideas. At the same time, Garrett's articles elucidate the relations between his philosophy and those of predecessors and contemporaries like Aristotle, Hobbes, Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz. Lastly, the volume offers important and substantial replies to leading critics on four crucial topics: the necessary existence of God (Nature), substance monism, necessitarianism, and consciousness.

Necessity, Cause and Blame

Author : Richard Sorabji
Publisher : Bristol Classical Press
ISBN 13 : 9780715615492
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Necessity, Cause and Blame by : Richard Sorabji

Download or read book Necessity, Cause and Blame written by Richard Sorabji and published by Bristol Classical Press. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of Aristotle's thought on determinism and culpability, Necessity, Cause, and Blame also reveals Richard Sorabji's own philosophical commitments. He makes the original argument here that Aristotle separates the notions of necessity and cause, rejecting both the idea that all events are necessarily determined as well as the idea that a non-necessitated event must also be non-caused. In support of this argument, Sorabji engages in a wide-ranging discussion of explanation, time, free will, essence, and purpose in nature. He also provides historical perspective, arguing that these problems remain intimately bound up with modern controversies. 'Original and important ... The book relates Aristotle's discussions to both the contemporary debates on determinism and causation and the ancient ones. It is especially detailed on Stoic arguments about necessity ... and on the social and legal background to Aristotle's thought.' Choice

The Philosophy of Necessity

Author : Charles Bray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Necessity by : Charles Bray

Download or read book The Philosophy of Necessity written by Charles Bray and published by . This book was released on 1863 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Meaning and Necessity - A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic

Author : Rudolf Carnap
Publisher : Read Books Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1446545563
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (465 download)

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Book Synopsis Meaning and Necessity - A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic by : Rudolf Carnap

Download or read book Meaning and Necessity - A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic written by Rudolf Carnap and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this book is the development of a new method for the semantical analysis of meaning, that is, a new method for analyzing and describing the meanings of linguistic expressions. This method, called the method of extension and intension, is developed by modifying and extending certain customary concepts, especially those of class and property. The method will be contrasted with various other semantical methods used in traditional philosophy or by contemporary authors. These other methods have one characteristic in common. They all regard an expression in a language as a name of a concrete or abstract entity. In contradistinction, the method here proposed takes an expression, not as naming anything, but as possessing an intension and an extension. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

The Philosophy of Necessity; or, the Law of consequences; as applicable to mental, moral, and social science. With an appendix by Mary Hennell subsequently published separately as "An Outline of the Various Social Systems & Communities which have been founded on the principle of co-operation."

Download The Philosophy of Necessity; or, the Law of consequences; as applicable to mental, moral, and social science. With an appendix by Mary Hennell subsequently published separately as

Author : Charles BRAY (Ribbon Manufacturer.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Necessity; or, the Law of consequences; as applicable to mental, moral, and social science. With an appendix by Mary Hennell subsequently published separately as "An Outline of the Various Social Systems & Communities which have been founded on the principle of co-operation." by : Charles BRAY (Ribbon Manufacturer.)

Download or read book The Philosophy of Necessity; or, the Law of consequences; as applicable to mental, moral, and social science. With an appendix by Mary Hennell subsequently published separately as "An Outline of the Various Social Systems & Communities which have been founded on the principle of co-operation." written by Charles BRAY (Ribbon Manufacturer.) and published by . This book was released on 1863 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Leibniz, God and Necessity

Author : Michael V. Griffin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521117089
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

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Book Synopsis Leibniz, God and Necessity by : Michael V. Griffin

Download or read book Leibniz, God and Necessity written by Michael V. Griffin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a necessitarian interpretation of Leibniz which grounds modal concepts in theology.

Purpose and Necessity in Social Theory

Author : Maurice Mandelbaum
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421431920
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Purpose and Necessity in Social Theory by : Maurice Mandelbaum

Download or read book Purpose and Necessity in Social Theory written by Maurice Mandelbaum and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1987. Philosopher Maurice Mandelbaum offers a broad-ranging essay on the roles of chance, choice, purpose, and necessity in human events. He traces the many changes these concepts have undergone, from the analyses of Hobbes and Spinoza, through the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. Mandelbaum examines two contrary tendencies in the history of social theories. Some thinkers, he shows, have explained the character of institutions in terms of their individual purposes, whereas others have stressed relationships of necessity among society's institutions. Mandelbaum discusses chance, choice, and necessity at length and reaches some provocative conclusions about the ways in which they are interwoven in human affairs.

After Finitude

Author : Quentin Meillassoux
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 0826496741
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis After Finitude by : Quentin Meillassoux

Download or read book After Finitude written by Quentin Meillassoux and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2008-06-07 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After Finitude provides readings of the history of philosophy and sets out a critique of the unavowed fideism at the heart of post-Kantian philosophy. Author Quentin Meillassoux introduces a philosophical alternative to the forced choice between dogmatism and critique. After Finitude proposes a new alliance between philosophy and science and calls for an unequivocal halt to the creeping return of religiosity in contemporary philosophical discourse.